Research and analysis on sustainable tourism - Central Europe

Listen to the Voice of Villages 

WP3– <strong>Research</strong> <strong>and</strong> Analysis 

Final Report 

Content: 

Pr. Mariangela Franch 

Pr. Umberto Martini 

Dr. Paolo Grigolli 

Dr. Fabio Sacco 

Dr. Serena Barbera 

Technical Supervision: 

Dr Daniele Canepa, Language Supervision 

Dr. Stefano Andreotti, Formatting 

This project is implemented trough the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by ERDF 


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SUMMARY 

INTRODUCTION 5 

1. LISTEN TERRITORIES: CRITERIA AND MODELS 6 

1.1. Criteria for the identification of target territories 6 

1.1.1. Single units of <strong>analysis</strong> 6 

1.1.2. Community destinations 6 

1.1.3. Low degree of development or unexplored tourism potential 7 

1.1.4. Presence of to-be-converted real estates 8 

1.1.5. Summary of the characteristics of target territories 8 

1.2. Scientific point of reference of the <strong>analysis</strong> 8 

1.2.1. Model of destination development 8 

1.2.2. Tourism Carrying Capacity 10 

2. MAPPING THE TERRITORIES AND ANALYSIS OF GOVERNAMENTAL TOOLS 12 

2.1. PP1 – AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO AND PP2 - UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO – eTOURISM 

RESEARCH GROUP 13 

2.1.1. Type of territory 13 

2.1.2. Socio-economic profile 16 

2.1.3. The touristic sector 51 

2.1.5. Tourism Resources Audit 73 

2.1.6. Analysis of the governance system 88 

2.2. PP3 - DEVELOPMENT CENTRE LITIJA 102 



2.3. PP4 - BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND, PUBLIC BENEFIT ORGANIZATION 107 


2.3.2. Socio-economic profile of target territories 107 


2.3.4. Analysis of governance system 113 

2.4. PP5 - MARSHAL’S OFFICE OF OPOLSKIE REGION 114 





2.5. PP6 - REGIONAL AUTHORITY OF USTI REGION 178 




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2.6. PP7 - LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF LANGHE MONFERRATO ROERO 192 




2.7. PP8 - DISTRICT OFFICE FORCHHEIM 200 





2.8. PP9 - UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND APPLIED LIFE SCIENCE 236 





3. GOVERNANCE MODEL 246 

3.1. Community destination management in rural villages 247 

3.1.1. Territory as a resource in destination management 247 

3.1.2. Governance <strong>and</strong> cooperation among stakeholders 248 

3.1.3. Meta – management in community destinations 248 

3.2. Governance <strong>and</strong> stakeholders relationships in LISTEN destinations: benchmark study 249 

3.2.1. LP – Autonomous Province of Trento 249 

Valle deiMocheni 250 

TesinoVanoi 251 

Valle del Chiese 252 

3.2.2. PP3 –DevelopmentCentreLitija 253 

Governance system in pilot areas 253 

Jablaniškadolina 254 

Local community Dole priLitiji 254 

Velikaplanina 257 

3.2.3. PP4 – BohemianSwitzerl<strong>and</strong> 259 

3.2.4. PP5 – OpolskieVoivodeship 260 

Tourism governance system in Pol<strong>and</strong> 260 

Municipalities <strong>and</strong> Local Action Groups 261 

Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 263 

KluczborkOlesno L<strong>and</strong> 263 

3.2.5. PP6 – Usti Region 264 

3.2.6. PP7 – Lamoro 265 

3.2.7. PP8 - L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim 266 

3.2.8. PP9 – University of Natural Resources <strong>and</strong> Applied Life Sciences Vienna 268 

3.3. Governance tools for sustainable tourism development in rural villages 270 

3.3.1. Actions of destination management 270 


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3.3.2. Destination management <strong>and</strong> sustainability indicators 271 

3.4. Destination Management Organisation (DMO) 273 

3.5. Governance tools for LISTEN pilot areas 277 

3.5.1. The model 277 

LP – Autonomous Province of Trento 279 

PP3 – Development Centre Litija 279 

PP4 – Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 280 

PP5 – OpolskieVoivodeship 281 

PP6 – Usti Regio 282 

PP7 – Lamoro 283 

PP8 – L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim 284 

PP9 - University of Natural Resources <strong>and</strong> Applied Life Sciences Vienna 285 

3.6. Vital Village Association: the European network of green villages 286 

Tables Index 287 

Figures Index 293 


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INTRODUCTION 

The objective of the WP3 “<strong>Research</strong> <strong>and</strong> Analysis” is to define the most effective <strong>and</strong> efficient tools 

for sustainable tourism development in areas with unexplored potential <strong>and</strong> tools of governance public 

- private, capable of contributing towards the tourism development of the site <strong>and</strong> having positive 

spin-offs on the area <strong>and</strong> capable of maintaining <strong>and</strong> increasing attractiveness both for users <strong>and</strong> for 

local residents. 

In this process, the tools of governance play an important role for the success of tourism development 

(Figure 1). 

Figure 1 The relationship between governance <strong>and</strong> tourism development 

Source: eTourism 


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1. Listen Territories: criteria <strong>and</strong> models 1 

1.1. Criteria for the identification of target territories 

The territories which will constitute the target areas of the LISTEN programme have to be 2 or, at 

most, 3 territories for partner. 

Target territories should have some of the following characteristics: 

� Possibility of considering them as single units of <strong>analysis</strong>; 

� Community destinations; 

� Low degree of development or unexplored tourism potential; 

� Presence of to-be-converted real estates. 

1.1.1. Single units of <strong>analysis</strong> 

Each target territory must have defined <strong>and</strong> clear borders <strong>and</strong> it has to be possible to consider it as a 

single unit of <strong>analysis</strong>, for example a valley, a district, etc. 

1.1.2. Community destinations 

LISTEN target territory have to be characterized as a community destination, in which the economic 

<strong>and</strong> environmental resources have to be hold by a plurality of different stakeholders, <strong>and</strong> not as a 

corporate destination (Figure 2). 

In fact, such contests are good backgrounds to apply efficient tools of governance, in order to define 

strategic assets to improve the efficiency of the decision making process <strong>and</strong> to manage the division 

of power <strong>and</strong> resources. 

On the contrary, in the corporate destinations is quite wrong to talk about the definition of efficient 

tools of governance, because the power is centralized in the h<strong>and</strong>s of a single business corporation, 

which controls the resources <strong>and</strong> decide for themselves what activities to implement. 

1 Chapter by PP2 Workgroup. 


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Figure 2 Characteristic of corporate <strong>and</strong> community destination 

Source: our elaboration on Flagestad A., Hope C.A. (2001), “Strategic Success in Winter Sports Destinations: A 

Sustainable Value Creation Perspective”, in Tourism Management, Vol. 22 

In order to facilitate the process of sustainable tourism development in a community destination, it 

would be ideal the presence of other three important features, such as: 

� Suitability to arrange financial support by public administration <strong>and</strong> private players; 

� Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship; 

� Good disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism development. 

These features constitute a mean for facilitating the construction of a tourist offer. If not already 

present, the research project should constitute the means to arrange them. 

1.1.3. Low degree of development or unexplored tourism 

potential 

Target territories’ degree of tourism development has to be comparable to: 

� Area Type 1: territories not yet developed under the tourism point of view but with an 

interesting unexpressed potential; 

� Area Type 2: territories that have already started a tourism development, living the early 

phases of destination life cycle, according to Butler’s Tourism Area Life Cycle model, but are 

not in the condition to maintain the competitiveness. That is: 

• Destination away from tourism areas; 

• Destination without strong attractions; 

• Destination without an efficient governance. 


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1.1.4. Presence of to-be-converted real estates 

In order to develop a model of community <strong>and</strong> home-based hospitality, LISTEN areas should be 

provided of small dimension real estates, which could be converted into accommodation, for example: 

� Private houses; 

� Chalets; 

� Community-hold properties; 

� Farmhouses. 

1.1.5. Summary of the characteristics of target territories 

In the choice of target territories, the characteristics described above are in part m<strong>and</strong>atory, in part 

instead they are preferential element (Table 1). 

Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of target territories 

Characteristics Presence/Absence 

Defined border (single unit <strong>analysis</strong>) Preferential 

Plurality of different stakeholders with different resources M<strong>and</strong>atory 

Suitability to arrange financial support by PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Preferential 

Suitability to arrange financial support by PRIVATE PLAYERS Preferential 

Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship Preferential 

Good disposal of local community to undertake a process of tourism 

Preferential 

development 

Territories not yet developed under the tourism point of view but with an 

interesting unexpressed potential or territories that have already started a 

tourism development but are not in the condition to maintain the 

competitiveness 

Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into 

accommodation 


1.2. Scientific point of reference of the <strong>analysis</strong> 

1.2.1. Model of destination development 

M<strong>and</strong>atory 

Preferential 

The point of reference of the <strong>analysis</strong> is the Weaver Model, a broad context model of destination 

development, within which various scenarios, including the classic Butler sequence itself, can be 

situated. 

The model consists of four inclusive tourism ideal types, based on the relationship between the level 

of tourism intensity or scale, <strong>and</strong> the amount of regulation associated with the tourism sector. 


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High 

REGULATION 

Low 

Figure 3 The Weaver model - destination possibilities 

Deliberate Alternative Tourism 

(DAT) 

Circumstantial Alternative 

Tourism 

(CAT) 

Sustainable Mass Tourism 

(SMT) 

Unsustainable Mass Tourism 

(UMT) 

Low High 

INTENSITY 

Source: Weaver D. (2000), “A broad context model of destination development scenarios”, in Tourism 

Management, n. 21, pp. 217-224 

Circumstantial Alternative Tourism (CAT) destinations: 

� Have a non-regulated, small-scale tourism sector; 

� Have the indicated Alternative Tourism characteristics for markets, accommodations, 

attractions <strong>and</strong> economic status, but lack the appropriate regulatory environment that ensures 

a higher probability of continued adherence to those traits. 

Deliberate Alternative Tourism (DAT) destinations: 

� Have a regulated, small-scale tourism sector. 

Sustainable Mass Tourism (SMT) destinations: 

� Have a regulated, large-scale tourism sector maintained within those carrying capacities or 

limits. 

Unsustainable Mass Tourism (UMT) destinations: 

� Have a non-regulated, large-scale tourism sector; 

� Continued tourism development that, in the absence of restrictive regulation, exceeds existing 

environmental <strong>and</strong> socio-cultural carrying capacities or limits of acceptable change. 

The model considers seven possible bilateral scenarios involving the transition of destinations from a 

situation to a different one (Figure 4). 


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High 

REGULATION 

Low 

Figure 4 The Weaver model - destination development scenarios 

Deliberate Alternative Tourism 

(DAT) 

Circumstantial Alternative 

Tourism 

(CAT) 

Sustainable Mass Tourism 

(SMT) 

Unsustainable Mass Tourism 

(UMT) 

Low High 

INTENSITY 

Source: Weaver D. (2000), “A broad context model of destination development scenarios”, in Tourism 

Management, n. 21, pp. 217-224 

The target of LISTEN project is to define the most effective <strong>and</strong> efficient tools for sustainable tourism 

development to move from CAT (or absence of tourism) to DAT or SMT. 

In any case (DAT or SMT), it’s necessary to maintain the carrying capacity limits. Moreover, for 

SMT it would entail some modification of mass tourism characteristics to obtain desirable outcomes 

indicative of sustainability, such as higher level of local control, retention of a mainly midcentric 

clientele <strong>and</strong> encouragement of vernacular architecture 2 

1.2.2. Tourism Carrying Capacity 

The carrying capacity in tourism planning is the maximum acceptable level of tourist development in 

an area <strong>and</strong> the growth limits an area can accommodate without violating environmental, social <strong>and</strong> 

economic capacity goals (Figure 5). It studies all the tourism impacts on a territory <strong>and</strong> is the base of a 

sustainable development to be adopted by a destination, <strong>and</strong> therefore it is site specific <strong>and</strong> use 

specific. 

2 See Weaver’s article. 


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Figure 5 The impact of tourism 


In the LISTEN project, the tourism carrying capacity is the thermometer of the sustainable 

development process. 

As a policy tool in a strategy of tourism development, the definition-assessment <strong>and</strong> implementation 

of tourism carrying capacity (TCC) needs to be considered as a part of the planning process. 

Analysis of the system 

Physical, ecological, demographic, 

sociocultural, political, economic, 

institutional characteristics 

Analysis of tourism development 

Type <strong>and</strong> level of tourism development, 

flows, activities, tourist product, 

existing restrictions, etc 

Assessment: identify problems, 

threats, risks, issues <strong>and</strong> concerns, 

conflicts <strong>and</strong> opportunities 

Formulation of goals <strong>and</strong> strategy 

Monitoring <strong>and</strong> evaluation 

PLANNING FOR TOURISM 

DEVELOPMENT 

Environmental 

aspects 

TOURISM 

Social 

<strong>and</strong> cultural 

aspects 

Economic 

aspect 

Figure 6 The carrying capacity in tourism 

Physical – 

ecological 

component 

Identification of Issues 

Socio – 

demographic 


Political – 

economic 


Definition of Critical factors: 

Identification of bottlenecks <strong>and</strong> constraints 

Definition of Indicators 

DEFINING – IMPLEMENTATION TCC 

Source: our elaboration on University of the Aegean (2000), “Defining, measuring <strong>and</strong> evaluating carrying 

capacity in European Tourism Destinations”, Athens, Report Material for a Document, b4- 

3040/2000/294577/mar/d2. 


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2. MAPPING THE TERRITORIES AND 

ANALYSIS OF GOVERNAMENTAL TOOLS 

Each one of the partner involved in the project was asked to map its territory <strong>and</strong> identify possible 

suitable areas for the implementation of sustainable tourism practices. 

The <strong>analysis</strong> of the pilot areas was conducted directly by the project partners following the scheme 

below: 

MAPPING THE TERRITORIES 

� Type of territory: it has to be indicated the type of territories chosen <strong>and</strong> the 

presence/absence of m<strong>and</strong>atory <strong>and</strong> preferential characteristics 

� Socio-economic profile of target territories: the data collected in this section are useful to 

provide a photograph of the territory in terms of physical characteristics <strong>and</strong> socio-economic 

profile. 

� Tourism Resources Audit: the Tourism Resource Audit is a structured <strong>and</strong> systematic twostage 

process of inventory <strong>and</strong> evaluation. 

• Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; 

• Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, 

uniqueness <strong>and</strong> tourist appeal. 

� Analysis of governance system: aims to underst<strong>and</strong> how <strong>and</strong> by whom is managed the 

tourism system. This information is predominantly qualitative <strong>and</strong>, considering that an high 

knowledge of the territory is required, the Local Guide Group should take an active part in the 

data collection. 

In the following paragraphs will be listed the outputs of the activity of mapping <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> carried 

out by the project partners. 


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2.1. PP1 – AUTONOMOUS PROVINCE OF TRENTO 

AND PP2 - UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO – 

eTOURISM RESEARCH GROUP 

Three territories where chosen for the LISTEN project: 

2.1.1. Type of territory 

Territory 1: Valle del Chiese 

Valle del Chiese falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic development has 

already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted. Valle del Chiese is 

an entity which can be recognised in terms of geography, with well-defined borders, <strong>and</strong> is a 

community area, where the ownership <strong>and</strong> management of local resources is not in the h<strong>and</strong>s of a 

single firm, but fragmented among a multiplicity of players. 

Table 2 Characteristics of the area 


Name of the territory Valle del Chiese 

Type Area Type 2 

Pluralism of stakeholders managing local resources Medium 

Marked borders (single <strong>analysis</strong> unit) Valle del Chiese extends from Bondo e 

Roncone, up to the shores of Lake Idro, 

occupying the western part of Trentino, 

totalling an area of 38.562 hectares. 

Presence of rural estate which can be developed in Medium 

terms of touristic facilities 

Source: eTourism <strong>Research</strong> Group 

Figure 7 The location of Valle del Chiese 


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Territory 2: Valle dei Mocheni 

The Valle dei Mòcheni area falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic 

development has already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted as 

these areas are isolated locations off the touristic track or places that do not have strongly appealing 

attractions, or they have attractions, but they are unable to implement an effective strategy of 

promotion marketing. 

Valle dei Mòcheni is famous for being a linguistic isl<strong>and</strong> populated by people of German origin who 

speak an ancient language of Bavarian origin <strong>and</strong> who believe in maintaining ancient traditions <strong>and</strong> 

local folklore. 

The area sees the presence of multiple stakeholders who are involved in the management of local 

resources, in particular natural resources, as Valle dei Mòcheni is the largest area in Trentino with 

very low anthropisation. The area also boasts a wealth of real estate, consisting of hotels, 

argitourisms, shelters <strong>and</strong> mountain chalets, all of which provide a good basis for the development of 

a tourist accommodation area. 

Valle dei Mòcheni is a river valley traversed by Fersina, between Pinè <strong>and</strong> the western tops of the 

Lagorai group, namely Panarotta, Fravort, Gron Lait, <strong>and</strong> has well defined borders (Figure 8). The 

whole area is located, geographically <strong>and</strong> administratively, inside the Comprensorio Alta Valsugana 

C4. 

Table 3 Characteristics of the area 

Investigated aspects Characteristics 

Type of territory Area Type 2 

Pluralism of stakeholders managing local 

Medium 

resources 

Well defined borders (single <strong>analysis</strong> unit) Valle dei Mòcheni is located in the southeastern 

province of Trento, between the Pinè 

plateau <strong>and</strong> the western tops of the Lagorai 

group. The valley has well defined borders. 

Presence of rural estate which can be developed 

in terms of touristic facilities 


Figure 8 The location of Valle dei Mòcheni 

Medium 


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Territory 3: Tesino - Vanoi 

The Tesino-Vanoi area falls within the second type of territories, where their touristic development 

has already been started, but their competitiveness could not be maintained or boosted as these areas 

are isolated locations off the touristic track or places that do not have strongly appealing attractions, or 

they have attractions, but they are unable to implement an effective strategy of promotion marketing. 

From a geographic point of view, the Tesino-Vanoi area is very well defined <strong>and</strong> marked. It features a 

large number of stakeholders, who own <strong>and</strong> manage local resources. Some of these stakeholders own 

the “rural” estate, which in recent years has received attention in order to develop it in terms of 

touristic facilities. Numerous mountain chalets spread in the area feature the territory in question <strong>and</strong> 

are a richness for it (Table 1). 

Tesino-Vanoi is situated in the south-eastern part of the Trento Province, north of the State Route 

number 47 which covers the whole Valsugana valley, at the side of the Lagorai mountain range. Both 

the Altopiano del Tesino <strong>and</strong> the Vanoi valley have very well marked borders (Figure 9). 

Table 4 Territory Characteristics 

<strong>Research</strong>ed Issues Characteristics 

Territory typology Type 2 Area 

Pluralism of stakeholders managing local resources Medium/high 

Marked borders (single <strong>analysis</strong> unit) Tesino-Vanoi is situated in the southeast 

of the Trento Province, north of the 

State Route number 47 which covers the 

Valsugana valley. Both the Altopiano 

del Tesino <strong>and</strong> the Vanoi valley have 

very well marked borders 

Presence of rural estate which can be developed in Medium 

terms of touristic facilities 


Figure 9 The location of Tesino-Vanoi 



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2.1.2. Socio-economic profile 


Geographical characteristics 

The valley is embraced on both sides by mountains which are covered almost entirely by woodl<strong>and</strong>: 

the left hydrographic side is steeper, whereas the other side appears flatter as a result of the abundant 

presence of grass fields; it is in this area that, over time, the majority of urban settlements were 

founded. The most important inhabited centres were consolidated at the bottom of the valley, whereas 

the less important villages settled on the slopes of the valley. 

The valley is composed of 14 municipalities: Bersone, Bondo, Bondone, Brione, Castel Condino, 

Cimego, Condino, Daone, Lardaro, Pieve di Bono, Praso, Prezzo, Roncone <strong>and</strong> Storo, of which 7 

have a population of less than 500 units. 

In spite of this, Valle del Chiese is today experiencing a process of balanced <strong>and</strong> sustainable 

development, as a result of combined work among numerous players <strong>and</strong> different economic sectors. 

Valle del Chiese can be seen as an example for the many initiatives which have been set up there, 

aimed at a shared, intentional, balanced, environmentally sustainable, territorial development policy, 

which takes into consideration the specificities <strong>and</strong> needs of the area. Fifty years ago Valle del Chiese 

experienced a shift from an agricultural <strong>and</strong> forestry-pastoral economy to a decidedly industrial 

economy, dominated by companies with external capital <strong>and</strong> management. This produced a sudden 

risk of unemployment, due partly to a lack of product diversification with a prevalence of 

manufacturing engineering <strong>and</strong> paper industry. All this hindered the development of a local 

entrepreneurial culture <strong>and</strong> reduced the opportunities for flexibility in difficult times. The limited 

presence of the public <strong>and</strong> private service sectors led to scarce employment opportunities especially 

for women. Economic needs in particular gradually gave rise to the spread of a positive cultural, 

motivational attitude among local governments, companies <strong>and</strong> associations, in order to support the 

development of a healthier territory. 

Table 5 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities 

Municipalities Altitude (m. above sea level) Area Km². Density Inhabitants/ km². 

Bersone 637 9.80 30.5 

Bondo 823 10.68 59.6 

Bondone 720 19.17 35.1 

Brione 893 9.46 15.8 

Castel Condino 811 11.14 21.6 

Cimego 557 10.50 38.7 

Condino 444 33.80 44.0 

Daone 767 157.96 3.7 

Lardaro 732 10.74 16.9 

Pieve di Bono 514 20.86 67.2 

Praso 785 9.81 38.0 

Prezzo 664 3.81 50.7 

Roncone 842 29.43 49.5 

Storo 409 62.88 69.9 

Total 400 


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Valle del Chiese is peripheral to the area of the province where the main production, administrative 

<strong>and</strong> service centres are located. It is crossed by heavy tourist traffic coming from Lombardy <strong>and</strong> 

heading towards Val Rendena, <strong>and</strong> notably Madonna di Campiglio. Even if, on the one h<strong>and</strong>, this 

movement of traffic causes inconvienience to the population of Valle del Chiese, such as causing 

pollution, transit of trucks <strong>and</strong> congestion, on the other h<strong>and</strong> it also represents an opportunity. The SS 

- State Route - 237 runs through the entire valley <strong>and</strong> connects it to the surrounding areas. In the area 

of Tione di Trento the State Route connects the Valley to Val Rendena <strong>and</strong> also to Valli Giudicarie, 

towards the capital Trento. Around the area of Lake Idro, State Route 237 connects the valley with 

Lombardy, <strong>and</strong> even more importantly it connects the valley with the city of Brescia. 

Figure 10 Accessibility of Valle del Chiese 

Within the administrative areas there are 23 public bodies (Municipalities, A.S.U.C., Fractions) which 

own 26,054 hectares of forestry l<strong>and</strong>. 66% of this l<strong>and</strong> is woodl<strong>and</strong> area, while 34% is agricultural 

area utilized by the companies in the municipality. 

Table 6 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities 

Municipality Forest Area Utilized Agricultural Area 

Bersone 704.72 236.72 

Bondo 576.48 213.28 

Bondone 993.98 170.14 

Brione 750.39 533.54 

Castel Condino 807.01 441.69 

Cimego 657.7 231.16 

Condino 1849.1 1225.66 

Daone 2344.7 1663.08 

Lardaro 498.13 395.53 

Pieve di Bono 1727.81 628.37 

Praso 743.41 414.19 

Prezzo 633.19 272.23 

Roncone 1344.74 1323.34 

Storo 3588.6 1085.66 

Total 17219.96 8834.59 

Valle del Chiese is characterised by the presence of numerous temporary settlements (known as Ca’ 

da Mont ) in the mountainous <strong>and</strong> agricultural areas close to the inhabited areas. These Ca’ da Mont 


17

are a symbol of man’s relationship with the l<strong>and</strong> through history. Notably, there are more than 1100 

masi, i.e. farms, which are distinguishable both for their unique form <strong>and</strong> their characteristic typology. 

The typology of these buildings changes slightly from one area to another due to the habits of the 

local inhabitants <strong>and</strong> also as a result of the material available to construct them. 

Figure 11 Ca’ da Mont 

The information in the table below is the summary of the geographical characteristics. 

Table 7 Geographical profile of Valle del Chiese 

Characteristics Item 

Average altitude (metres above 686 m (metres above sea level) 

sea level) 

Area 400 square kilometres (6% of Trentino) 

Number of municipalities 12 municipalities 

Accessibility � Average 

� Geographically peripheral territory situated on the 

Western side of Trentino, bordering the Lombardy 

Region. 

Connections with surrounding The State Road 237 connects the valley with Brescia <strong>and</strong> 

areas 

Tione di Trento, <strong>and</strong> also Val Rendena <strong>and</strong> Giudicarie. 

Woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> productive areas, � Forest area 17,219.96 hectares 

urban centres 

� Agricultural area: 8,834.59 hectares 

� The area is characterised by the presence of 1100 

disused or partially used farms. 

Demographic characteristics 

At the beginning of the third millennium the residents of the Valley increased to around 12,881 

people, (the equivalent of 2% of the province). From the table you can see that in the last 10 years the 

population growth rate of the entire territory has been equal to 3.2%, but it is also evident that there 

are notable inconsistencies when looking at population growth of individual municipalities. Both 

Praso <strong>and</strong> Pieve di Bono have experienced depopulation. 


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Table 8 Demographic characteristics of Valle del Chiese 

Municipality Year Rate of 

Growth 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1998-2008 

Bersone 299 306 303 295 296 293 290 293 289 296 297 -0.7 

Bondo 637 638 643 666 666 673 680 674 672 676 700 9.9 

Bondone 672 674 677 669 660 677 693 659 660 668 675 0.4 

Brione 149 151 148 145 146 144 148 155 151 155 155 4.0 

Castel Condino 241 241 235 235 239 236 235 237 241 244 248 2.9 

Cimego 406 422 421 409 422 418 418 417 421 425 422 3.9 

Condino 1486 1478 1492 1500 1511 1512 1507 1524 1509 1513 1504 1.2 

Daone 585 595 591 586 585 588 591 588 587 593 592 1.2 

Lardaro 182 182 189 184 188 193 193 185 195 205 206 13.2 

Pieve di Bono 1401 1410 1403 1395 1401 1389 1391 1387 1393 1382 1373 -2.0 

Praso 373 379 373 370 368 368 362 356 352 351 348 -6.7 

Prezzo 193 193 195 191 200 206 202 207 211 213 222 15.0 

Roncone 1458 1445 1459 1439 1433 1438 1438 1456 1460 1493 1482 1.6 

Storo 4395 4410 4411 4439 4460 4500 4554 4563 4578 4617 4657 6.0 

Total 12477 12524 12540 12523 12575 12635 12702 12701 12719 12831 12881 3.2 

This project is implemented trough the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by ERDF

The municipality with the highest inhabitant density is Storo, while if you look at the area as a whole, 

there are 32 inhabitants per km². 

Table 9 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities 

Municipality 2008 

Bersone 30.3 

Bondo 65.5 

Bondone 35.2 

Brione 16.4 

Castel Condino 22.3 

Cimego 40.2 

Condino 44.5 

Daone 3.7 

Lardaro 19.2 

Pieve di Bono 65.8 

Praso 35.5 

Prezzo 58.3 

Roncone 50.4 

Storo 74.1 

Total 32.2 

Figure 12 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities. 1998 - 2008 

In the last 10 years the population density of Valle del Chiese has increased by one point, passing 

from 31 to 32 inhabitants/km². 

In order to interpret the evolution of the population over time, the following related aspects were 

taken into account: natural events such as births <strong>and</strong> deaths, social phenomena of population’s 

mobility, which can be defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or 

cancellations. 


20

Table 10 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance, Valle del Chiese. Percentage of the whole population 

(1998-2008) 

Events <strong>and</strong> balance 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Births 0.98% 1.12% 1.15% 1.11% 0.96% 1.19% 1.13% 0.97% 0.99% 1.20% 1.20% 

Deaths 0.95% 0.95% 1.04% 0.99% 1.03% 1.01% 1.02% 0.94% 1.03% 0.98% 1.10% 

Natural balance 0.02% 0.17% 0.11% 0.12% -0.06% 0.18% 0.11% 0.02% -0.04% 0.22% 0.09% 

Registrations 1.77% 1.71% 1.67% 1.84% 1.73% 1.87% 1.68% 1.65% 1.92% 2.70% 2.55% 

Cancellations 1.54% 1.52% 1.63% 1.57% 1.30% 1.59% 1.33% 1.73% 1.65% 2.10% 2.20% 

Migratory balance 0.23% 0.19% 0.04% 0.27% 0.43% 0.28% 0.35% -0.09% 0.27% 0.59% 0.36% 

The <strong>analysis</strong> of population distribution by age shows that the people aged 46 <strong>and</strong> over represent 45% 

of the resident population. It also shows that the youngest bracket (from 0/18 years) represents a 

significant portion of the domiciled population with 20% of the total. The brackets which represent 

the university-age <strong>and</strong> working domiciled population hold a less significant percentage, <strong>and</strong> combined 

reach only 21%. 

Table 11 Population Structure by age. 2008 

Age Population Percentage 

0-18 2514 20% 

19-25 968 8% 

26-35 1622 13% 

36-45 2050 16% 

46-64 3177 25% 

65 <strong>and</strong> over 2550 20% 

Total 12881 100% 

To make the <strong>analysis</strong> more significant, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age 

index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 the ratio of the total population over 65 years to the 

total population from 0-14 years; the social burden index, which is calculated by multiplying by 100 

the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 <strong>and</strong> 65+) to the total population in work(Table 13). 

The old age rate for Valle del Chiese is equal to 101, which is in line with the provincial average. This 

index enables us to underst<strong>and</strong> the impact of the older population (65+) on the youngest age group (0- 

14). The youngest category balances out the considerable number of old age people. 

Not even the social burden rate shows a wide gap between the two areas mentioned (65 of the area 

compared to 51 of the province). It shows the number of people (young <strong>and</strong> old) who depend on the 

working population. This score is affected by the social situation <strong>and</strong> stage of development of an area. 

It is influenced by the younger generations’ delayed study careers <strong>and</strong> their problems in finding jobs, 

<strong>and</strong> by the phenomenon of early retirement. These aspects highlight the burden of the elder population 

in these areas. 

The final factor relevant to underst<strong>and</strong>ing the demographics of the area is related to commuting; in 

some towns, like Praso, Prezzo this figure by far exceeds half the active population, <strong>and</strong> still amounts 

to 36% on the area total. 


21

Table 12 Percentage of commuters of the active population 

Municipality Commuters Active Population % of commuters 

Bersone 76 125 60.8 

Bondo 153 273 56.0 

Bondone 81 254 31.9 

Brione 26 60 43.3 

Castel Condino 56 105 53.3 

Cimego 89 192 46.4 

Condino 196 644 30.4 

Daone 142 249 57.0 

Lardaro 45 81 55.6 

Pieve di Bono 242 601 40.3 

Praso 114 170 67.1 

Prezzo 47 76 61.8 

Roncone 324 583 55.6 

Storo 355 1948 18.2 

Total 1946 5361 36.3 

Table 13 Demographic Profile 


� 12,881 inhabitants (2% from Trentino) 

� +3.2% from 1998 to 2008 

� Natural balance: +9% (from 1998 to 2008) 

� Migratory balance: +27% (from 1998 to 2008) 

� Age brackets: 

from 0 to 18 years: 20% 


Inhabitants 




over 65 years: 20% 

� Old age rate: = 101 

� Social burden rate: = 65 

� Commuters 36,3% of active population 

Density 32,2 inhabitants/km² 


22

Economic characteristics 

The domiciled population of Valle del Chiese, at the time of the last census survey in 2001, amounted 

to 42% of the total residents. 

Table 14 Domiciled population by sector of employment 

Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerci Services Total 

Bersone 5 53 20 44 122 

Bondo 3 110 49 103 265 

Bondone 3 142 41 55 241 

Brione 5 18 11 23 57 

Castel condino 3 55 13 32 103 

Cimego 3 79 39 58 179 

Condino 11 284 92 217 604 

Daone 8 128 35 70 241 

Lardaro 2 30 15 31 78 

Pieve di Bono 9 213 101 242 565 

Praso 3 66 33 58 160 

Prezzo 6 32 12 22 72 

Roncone 29 238 100 203 570 

Storo 62 1001 278 536 1877 

Total 152 2449 839 1694 5134 

Total Percentage 3% 48% 16% 33% 100% 

The population is devoted mainly to industry <strong>and</strong> services, while 16% are employed in trade <strong>and</strong> the 

remaining 3% in agriculture. This distribution is quite homogeneous even on a municipal level. 

Agriculture, the backbone of all past economies, has over the past fifty years in Valle del Chiese taken 

hard blows with industry <strong>and</strong> services being favoured. The economy of the valley has in recent years 

experienced a purely industrial development, even though the majority of industrial <strong>and</strong> crafts 

enterprises work on behalf of firms from outside of the area. In the three areas of Storo, Darzo <strong>and</strong> 

Condino, with appendages in Pieve di Bono <strong>and</strong> Roncone, dozens of small- <strong>and</strong> medium-sized 

companies have been set up which employ thous<strong>and</strong>s of residents. It has only been since the 1980s 

that agriculture has partially been restored, thanks to the development of small farming. 

The unemployment rate in the area is equal to 4.23%, but in the municipality of Cimego it is notably 

higher at 6.77%. 


23

Table 15 Unemployment rate 

Municipality Unemployment rate (%) 

Bersone 2.40 

Bondo 2.93 

Bondone 5.12 

Brione 5.00 

Castel Condino 1.90 

Cimego 6.77 

Condino 6.21 

Daone 3.21 

Lardaro 3.70 

Pieve di Bono 5.99 

Praso 5.88 

Prezzo 5.26 

Roncone 2.23 

Storo 3.64 

Total 4.23 

When analysing the employees in different enterprises in the area, you can see that 55% are employed 

in the industry sector, 29% in the services sector <strong>and</strong> 16% in the agricultural sector. 

Table 16 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors 

Municipality Agriculture Industrial Commerce Services Total 





Castel Condino 0 19 3 5 27 

Cimego 0 111 27 35 173 



Lardaro 2 25 9 8 44 


Praso 0 13 9 10 32 

Prezzo 0 0 8 7 15 


Storo 18 1092 231 502 1843 

Total 31 2316 658 1198 4203 

Total (%) 1% 55% 16% 29% 100% 

In 2001 the total number of local units in the territory amounted to 1,160, divided between services 

(41%), industry (31%), commerce (27%) <strong>and</strong> agriculture (1%). 


24

Table 17 Local units: main business sectors 

Municipality Agriculture Industrial Commerce Services Total 





Castel Condino 0 5 3 10 18 

Cimego 0 15 8 16 39 



Lardaro 1 11 4 8 24 


Praso 0 7 6 9 22 

Prezzo 0 0 4 7 11 


Storo 10 156 110 174 450 

Total 17 360 309 474 1160 

Total (%) 1% 31% 27% 41% 100% 

The industrial sector is characterised by the presence of local units acting on behalf of companies 

from outside the province. In recent years, it has suffered falls in both production facilities <strong>and</strong> 

employment. The area’s most penalised sectors in terms of facilities <strong>and</strong> employment were those 

which worked on the extraction of minerals <strong>and</strong> the production <strong>and</strong> distribution of electricity, gas <strong>and</strong> 

water. However, the manufacturing sector has witnessed a 3% rise in employment, with a 

restructuring programme that saw the average company increase in size, despite a drop of 5% in local 

units. Presently the main activities are concentrated in the manufacturing <strong>and</strong> construction sectors <strong>and</strong> 

it is noted that the main manufacturing activities are the mechanical industry, <strong>and</strong> the production of 

wooden products <strong>and</strong> the wood industry. 

Over time, the river in Valle del Chiese has characterised the area’s economic development, providing 

water for irrigation, or energy for craft businesses. The arrival of electricity marked a turning point, 

favouring the growth of firms engaged in the production <strong>and</strong> distribution of electricity. 

Looking at the structural aspects of the companies in the area, on the whole they are small- <strong>and</strong> 

medium-sized companies. The fact that even the provincial production structure is characterised by 

small- to medium-sized enterprises demonstrates that Valle del Chiese holds a sizeable production 

weight within the province. 


25

Inhabitants employed in 

different sectors: 

People employed in the local 

businesses: 

Table 18 Valle del Chiese’s economic characteristics 

Agriculture: 3% (Province 5%) 

Industrial: 48% (Province 31%) 

Commerce: 16% (Province 20%) 

Services: 33% (Province 44%) 


Industrial: 55% (Province 31%) 



Unemployment rate 4.23 % (Province 3.3%) 

Local units by productive sector: 


Industry: 31% (Province 23%) 



The majority of companies (50.89%) have from 1 to 3 employees, 

while enterprises with 10 to 49 employees are 56 <strong>and</strong> those with 

more than 50 employees are only 5. 

A gradual shift from agriculture to the industrial <strong>and</strong> crafts sector 

Local businesses 

has been noted, which finds it hard to "keep up with the times" for 

several reasons: 

� The distance from the industrial centres which brings about 

a strong impact on transport costs; 

� The presence of external capital which operates according to 

principles of productivity <strong>and</strong> efficiency without a firm link 

to the area; 

� The local inhabitants have a limited inclination to risk. They 

prefer to work in the public sector or as employees in 

companies. 

Agricultural activities strongly related to seasonal work. 

Energy production from Expected forms of the production of solar <strong>and</strong> photovoltaic energy 

renewable resources to supply the non-hotel accommodation (mountain chalets). 

Sustainable mobility system Absent 


26



Valle dei Mòcheni includes 4 municipalities: Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palù del Fersina <strong>and</strong> Sant’Orsola 

Terme. 

The municipalities in the valley are all rather scattered: Fierozzo has 11 inhabited nucleuses, while 

Sant’Orsola Terme has 2 inhabited centres <strong>and</strong> 14 inhabited nucleuses 3 . The other two municipalities, 

Frassilongo <strong>and</strong> Palù del Fersina, are also divided respectively into 2 centres <strong>and</strong> 5 inhabited 

nucleuses, <strong>and</strong> 1 centre <strong>and</strong> 3 inhabited nucleuses. 

Table 19 Division of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities 

Municipality Inhabited Inhabited Scattered Total 

centres nucleuses houses 

Fierozzo 1 11 1 13 

Frassilongo 2 5 1 8 

Palù del Fersina 1 3 1 5 

Sant’Orsola Terme 2 14 1 17 

AREA TOTAL 6 33 4 43 

Source: Servizio Statistica PAT 

Valle dei Mòcheni is a typical V-shaped mountain territory, which is characterised by the Fersina 

stream <strong>and</strong> has steep sides, which on the most part are not terraced. The area is characterised by 

woodl<strong>and</strong>, sloping meadows <strong>and</strong> some less steep slopes which are occupied by urban settlements. The 

average altitude is 1,113 metres above sea level. Above this altitude many buildings classified as baiti 

(mountain chalets) can be found. The overall surface of the valley amounts to only 67 km², which 

corresponds to only 1% of the surface of the whole province (Table 20). 

Table 20 Altitude <strong>and</strong> surface of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities 

Municipality Average Altitude (metres above sea level) Surface (km2) 

Fierozzo 1127 17.94 

Frassilongo 852 16.71 

Palù del Fersina 1360 16.72 

Sant’Orsola Terme 925 15.42 

AREA TOTAL 1066 66.79 

Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT 

The territory has always been very isolated due to the geographical location of the valley which is 

quite an enclosed space. On the one h<strong>and</strong> this aspect is a limit to the development in the area, but on 

the other h<strong>and</strong> it has been advantageous to the territory, in that it has allowed the area to be preserved 

from unauthorised building, <strong>and</strong> therefore it has maintained an almost undamaged environment. For 

this reason, the valley has retained the features of a natural park. If we consider the amount of contact 

that the valley has with the outside area, isolation has slightly reduced the opportunities for economic, 

cultural <strong>and</strong> social meetings <strong>and</strong> exchanges. This considered, access to the valley results difficult, as 

shown in Figure 13. 

3 An inhabited centre is a group of houses which are adjacent or close to one another. Public services or offices 

are also present. Inhabited nucleuses are inhabited areas without a gathering place which is typical of inhabited 

centers. 


27

Figure 13 Accessibility to Valle dei Mòcheni 

Taking into consideration the woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> pasture surface, Valle dei Mòcheni stretches over a 

surface of 5500 hectares, 63% of which is woodl<strong>and</strong>, 36% is used for agriculture <strong>and</strong> 2% is barren 

soil. 

Table 21 Woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> agriculture surface (in hectares) 

Municipality Woodl<strong>and</strong> Agricultural Not productive Total 

surface 

surface surface 

Fierozzo 1042.42 587.82 36.42 1666.66 

Frassilongo 897.33 453.14 15.38 1365.85 

Palù del Fersina 664.12 677.97 37.33 1379.42 

Sant’Orsola Terme 381.56 311.50 41.69 734.75 

AREA TOTAL 3485.43 2030.43 130.82 5646.68 

PROVINCE 308748.86 146980.97 13924.05 469653.88 

Area/Province 

incidence 

1.1% 1.4% 0.9% 1.2% 

Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2000. 

Valle dei Mòcheni is characterised by the presence of a considerable number of houses which are 

inhabited only in certain periods. They amount to 40% of the whole, which is little more than the 

province’s average. The remaining 60% of houses are inhabited (Table 5). The main reason for failure 

to use buildings is connected to the fact that these are second homes, mainly used for holidays. Even 

complete failure-to-use is one of the main reasons for which buildings are not inhabited (Table 23). 


28

Municipalities 

Table 22 Buildings in Valle dei Mòcheni 

Inhabited buildings Uninhabited 

buildings 

N. % of the N. % of the 

whole 

whole 


Total 

Fierozzo 161 65% 85 35% 246 

Frassilongo 134 59% 93 41% 227 

Palù del Fersina 114 59% 80 41% 194 

Sant’Orsola Terme 310 58% 229 42% 539 

AREA TOTAL 719 60% 487 40% 1206 

PROVINCE 192517 66% 99648 34% 292165 


Municipality Inhabited 

on 

holiday 

Table 23 Reasons for failure to use buildings 

Inhabited to 

work <strong>and</strong>/or 

study 

Inhabited 

for other 

reasons 

Uninhabited Total 

Fierozzo 46 22 - 17 85 

Frassilongo 24 8 - 61 93 

Palù del Fersina 58 2 5 15 80 

Sant’Orsola Terme 133 44 1 51 229 

AREA TOTAL 261 76 6 144 487 

PROVINCE 60841 2987 8632 17834 90294 


Rural buildings which are used only in certain periods of the year can be noted in the area. They are 

called masi or baiti. They are noteworthy buildings which deserve to be restored in order to maintain 

the valley’s typical building model <strong>and</strong> effectively use such buildings for tourism <strong>and</strong> accommodation 

purposes. Table 24 sums up the data which have been presented about geographic characteristics. 

Table 24 Geographic characteristics 


Average altitude (metres 1066 metres above sea level 

above sea level) 

Surface (km2) 66.79 (1% of Trentino) 

Number of municipalities 4 municipalities 

Accessibility � Difficult 

� Geographically peripheral territory situated in the east of 

Trentino <strong>and</strong> traditionally isolated 

Connection with 

Connection with surrounding areas is possible through Pergine 

surrounding areas 

Valsugana, south of the Redebus Pass, which connects the valley to 

the Pinè plateau in the north 

Woodl<strong>and</strong>, farm l<strong>and</strong>, � Woodl<strong>and</strong> 3485.43 hectares 

inhabited nucleuses � Farm l<strong>and</strong>: 2030.43 hectares 

� A high percentage of buildings in the territory are not used very 

often, mainly because they are vacation homes. However, the 

majority of buildings are inhabited. Significant presence of 

mountain chalets which are used for tourist accommodation. 

Source: our elaboration 

29


At the end of 2008, the domiciled population in Valle dei Mòcheni amounted to 2049, i.e. 0.37% of 

the whole province. Inhabited centres are very small <strong>and</strong> only the Sant’Orsola Terme municipality 

exceeds 1000 inhabitants. The remaining municipalities total less than 500 inhabitants each (Table 

25). 

Table 25 The domiciled population 

Municipality 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Fierozzo 440 439 441 434 443 459 456 461 461 463 471 

Frassilongo 372 361 362 355 356 362 354 350 340 339 332 

Palù del Fersina 208 200 196 193 187 182 183 183 188 188 183 

Sant’Orsola 

Terme 

872 887 893 908 915 918 933 962 993 1.022 1.063 

AREA TOTAL 1892 1887 1892 1890 1901 1921 1926 1956 1982 2012 2049 


The domiciled population growth rate increased by 8.3% in the period 1998-2008. Sant’Orsola Terme 

increased by 21.9%, whereas the domiciled population in Palù del Fersina <strong>and</strong> Frassilongo decreased 

by 12 <strong>and</strong> 10.8% respectively (Table 26). 

Table 26 Domiciled population’s percentage growth rate 

Municipality 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 98- 

08 

Fierozzo -0.2 0.5 -1.6 2.1 3.6 -0.7 1.1 0.0 0.4 1.7 7.0 

Frassilongo -3.0 0.3 -1.9 0.3 1.7 -2.2 -1.1 -2.9 -0.3 -2.1 -10.8 

Palù del Fersina -3.8 -2.0 -1.5 -3.1 -2.7 0.5 0.0 2.7 0.0 -2.7 -12.0 

Sant’Orsola 

Terme 

1.7 0.7 1.7 0.8 0.3 1.6 3.1 3.2 2.9 4.0 21.9 

AREA TOTAL -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.1 0.3 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.8 8.3 


The municipality with the highest density per square kilometre is Sant’Orsola Terme, while the 

density of the whole area amounts to roughly 20 inhabitants per square kilometre (Table 27). If 

compared with the figures for 1998, the density has generally increased, especially in Sant’Orsola 

Terme. 


30

Table 27 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities 


Fierozzo 25.8 

Frassilongo 20.28 

Palù del Fersina 11.24 

Sant’Orsola Terme 66.27 

AREA TOTAL 30.86 


Figure 14 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities. 1998 - 2008 


The trend involving the number of inhabitants has been taken into consideration through the <strong>analysis</strong> 

of natural events, such as deaths <strong>and</strong> births, social phenomena of population’s mobility, which can be 

defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or cancellations. The natural 

balance has been inconsistent, recording almost completely positive changes only in the last few 

years. However, the birth <strong>and</strong> death rates are generally the same in the period that has been examined. 

On the contrary, the migratory balance has been positive since 1998. It has gradually been increasing 

since 2004 (Table 28<strong>and</strong> Figure 15). 

Table 28 Natural <strong>and</strong> Migratory balance Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage of the whole population (1998-2008) 

Events <strong>and</strong> 

balance 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Births 1,64 1,11 1,06 1,06 0,89 0,94 1,14 1,38 0,96 0,80 1,02 

Deaths 1,80 1,91 1,16 0,85 1,21 1,04 1,19 1,07 1,16 0,75 0,93 

Natural 

balance 

-0,16 -0,79 -0,11 0,21 -0,32 -0,10 -0,05 0,31 -0,20 0,05 0,10 

Registrations 2,80 2,12 2,80 2,06 2,63 1,93 2,28 2,71 3,78 3,08 3,90 

Cancelations 1,64 1,54 2,38 2,06 1,79 1,09 1,97 1,48 2,27 1,64 2,05 

Migratory 

balance 

1,16 0,58 0,42 0,00 0,84 0,83 0,31 1,23 1,51 1,44 1,85 



31

Figure 15 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance of Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage 

of the whole population (1998-2008) 


The <strong>analysis</strong> of the population structure shows that almost half of the population is over 46 years old 

(25% falls between the 46 <strong>and</strong> 64 age range, while 20% are over 65 years old). A good 21%, however, 

belongs to the 0-18 age group, while 6% to 19-25. 13% are young workers (26-35), while the 

remaining 16% falls in the range of 36-45 years (Table 29). The situation remained substantially 

unchanged from 1998 to 2008 (Figure 16). 

Table 29 The structure of the population by age. 2008 

Class Percentage of the whole 

0-18 21% 

19-25 6% 

26-35 13% 

36-45 16% 

46-64 25% 

65 <strong>and</strong> over 20% 

TOTAL 100% 

Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT 

Figure 16 The structure of the population by age (1998-2008) 

Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT 

To make the <strong>analysis</strong> more meaningful, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age 



32


the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 <strong>and</strong> 65+) to the total population in work. 

The old age index of Valle dei Mòcheni is equal to 94.56, well below the provincial average. This 

indicates that, although half of the population is concentrated in the last two age groups, the youngest 

(0-18 years old) make up a good percentage of the total compared to the elderly. 

The social burden rate of the Valley, however, is slightly superior to that of the provincial average, 

but still less than 100, indicating that the ratio of non working population <strong>and</strong> working population is 

not too unbalanced. 

Figure 17 Population Structure by age. 2008 


A final <strong>analysis</strong> was carried out on the percentage of commuters in the area. Over half of the 

domiciled population commute to work. This percentage is even greater in Sant’Orsola Terme <strong>and</strong> 

Frassilongo, while it is slightly lower in Palù del Fersina (Table 13). 

Table 30 Percentage of commuters in the active population 

Municipality Commuters Active % of commuters in the active 

population 


Fierozzo 89 174 51.1 

Frassilongo 75 137 54.7 

Palù del Fersina 35 82 42.7 

Sant'Orsola Terme 233 410 56.8 

TOTAL 432 803 53.8 

Source: Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 

Table 31 summarises the demographic details that have been presented. 

Table 31 Area’s social <strong>and</strong> economic profile. Demographic characteristics 


33


Demographic � Domiciled population in 2008: 2,049 (0.37% of the province) 

� Growth rate from 1998 to 2008: 8.3% 

� Natural balance: +0.10% (2008) 

� Migratory balance: +1.85% (2008) 

� Age brackets: 0-18 = 21% 

19-25 = 6% 

26-35 = 13% 

36-45 = 16% 

46-64 = 25% 

65 <strong>and</strong> over = 20% 

� Old age rate: 94.56 

� Social burden rate: 124.80 

� Commuting rate: 53.8 

Density (Inhabitants/km 2 ) � Fierozzo: 25.8 

� Frassilongo: 20.28 

� Palù del Fersina: 11.24 

� Sant’Orsola Terme: 66.23 

� Valle dei Mòcheni: 30.86 


Economic characteristics 

The active domiciled population in Valle dei Mòcheni totals 42% of the overall population (data from 

2001). They are mainly employed in the field of services. However, a large percentage (27%) is 

employed in the industrial sector. 15% work in agriculture <strong>and</strong> commerce. Agriculture still plays an 

important role in the valley’s economy, as 15% of the domiciled population are employed in this 

sector, whereas the province’s average equals 5%. If we consider the municipalities individually, what 

results is that above all Palù del Fersina <strong>and</strong> Sant’Orsola Terme are dedicated to services, while more 

people are employed in the industrial sector in Fierozzo <strong>and</strong> Frassilongo. These are also the 

municipalities with the largest number of people employed in farming (Table 32). 


Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Services Total 

Fierozzo 40 61 11 58 170 

% of the whole 24% 36% 6% 34% 100% 

Frassilongo 31 49 13 42 135 

% of the whole 23% 36% 10% 31% 100% 


% of the whole 8% 18% 15% 59% 100% 


% of the whole 10% 22% 21% 47% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 118 212 121 336 787 

% of the whole 15% 27% 15% 43% 100% 

Source: our elaboration based on data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2001 

The area’s unemployment rate amounts to about 2%, peaking in Palù del Fersina, where it reaches 

4.88% (Table 33). 


34


Municipality Unemployment rate 

Fierozzo 2.30 

Frassilongo 1.46 

Palù del Fersina 4.88 

Sant’Orsola Terme 1.46 



Analysing the population employed in local companies, we can note that 40% are employed in the 

service industry (such figure reaches 70% in the Palù del Fersina municipality), 34% in commerce, 

25% in the industrial sector, while 1% work in farming ( 

Table 34). 



Fierozzo 2 12 22 22 58 

% of the whole 3% 21% 38% 38% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 38% 27% 35% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 3% 27% 70% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 29% 36% 35% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 2 65 87 102 256 

% of the whole 1% 25% 34% 40% 100% 


In 2001, the overall number of local units in the area amounted to 422 units, which are distributed in a 

way which more or less reflects the division of the workers in the businesses in the area (Table 36). 

Table 35 Local units: Main business sectors 


Fierozzo 2 6 17 15 40 

% of the whole 5% 15% 43% 38% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 33% 23% 43% 100% 


% of the whole 3% 4% 28% 68% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 23% 28% 49% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 2 30 47 73 152 

% of the whole 1% 20% 31% 48% 100% 



35

Although farming is not the main sector in terms of employees, businesses total 422 units (data from 

2000), resulting to be consistent in comparison to 1982. If we analyse the situation municipality by 

municipality, they have all recorded growth surges in comparison to 1982, with the exception of Palù 

del Fersina, where the number of farming businesses has shrunk from 61 to 30 units. Conversely, the 

exploited agricultural surface as well as the farming companies’ overall surface recorded a substantial 

decrease between 1982 <strong>and</strong> 2000. Finally, the administrative surface has remained essentially constant 

over time (Table 36). 

Table 36 Farming companies <strong>and</strong> surface 

Year 

Farming 

companies 

Exploited 

agricultural 

surface (hectares) 

Farming 

companies’ 

overall surface 

(hectares) 

Administrative 

surface (hectares) 

1982 423 2434.8 6216.30 6679 

1990 474 2565.84 6305.25 6679 

2000 422 2032.23 5646.68 6679 


As regards crafts, a large number of businesses working in the construction industry <strong>and</strong> related 

activities are present in the area. Table 37 shows the list of craft businesses in each municipality. They 

are divided according to the sector in which they operate. 

Table 37 Craft businesses in the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities 

DESCRIPTION Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del F. S. Orsola Total 

Tinsmith 1 1 2 

Car rental with driver 2 4 6 

Heating system installation 1 2 3 

Porphyry laying 1 1 1 3 

Excavation – Earthmoving 

machinery suppliers 3 3 2 2 9 

Lumberjacks 1 1 2 

Furniture assembling 1 1 

Third-party road haulage 2 1 5 8 

Woodworker 1 1 2 

Electric systems 2 2 

Builder 2 1 3 

Hairdresser 1 1 

Tilers 1 1 

Building construction 2 2 

Plasterer 1 1 

Mechanic 1 1 

Baker 1 1 

TOTAL 12 16 2 19 50 

Source: Associazione Artigiani, 2005 


36

Craft companies in Valle dei Mòcheni are normally small- or medium-sized, as is shown in Table 38. 

As a matter of fact the number of workers in each business amounts to little more than 2. 

Table 38 Craft businesses divided according to types of workers 

DESCRIPTION Fierozzo Frassilongo Palù del F. S. Orsola 

Total of 

workers 

Partners 2 13 8 23 

Collaborators 2 3 1 6 

Employees 5 9 1 21 36 

sole proprietorship 11 10 1 16 38 

TOTAL 20 35 2 46 103 

Source: Associazione Artigiani, 2005 

Animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry as well as agriculture still retains an important role in the valley’s economy, 

although the number of head of cattle has progressively diminished. Over the years, farming 

techniques have gradually changed. The number of small family-run stables has decreased, while the 

number of larger stables managed through the use of modern production techniques has increased. 

In the 2000 – 2004 period cattle farming businesses shifted from 103 to 80 units <strong>and</strong> dropped by 23 

units. With regard to the number of head of cattle, a change from 452 to 424 units was recorded. This 

confirms what has previously been mentioned: against a limited decrease in the number of head of 

cattle, a significant drop in the number of small businesses was scored, to the benefit of medium- or 

large-sized businesses. 

Table 39 Cattle farming in Valle dei Mòcheni 

Cattle 

farming type 

Businesses 

1982 

Businesses 

1990 

Businesses 

2000 

Businesses 

2004 

Head 

of 

cattle 

1982 

Head 

of 

cattle 

1990 


Head 

of 

cattle 

2000 

Head 

of 

cattle 

2004 

From 1 to 4 

head of cattle 197 124 73 51 519 316 179 122 

From 5 to 9 

head of cattle 78 57 19 15 488 361 127 98 

From 10 to 49 

head of cattle 11 14 11 12 155 201 146 204 

Head of cattle 

total 286 195 103 80 1265 878 452 424 


Following the data that have been shown, the opportunity to build a structure for the production of 

dairy products is being evaluated. 

37

Between 1982 <strong>and</strong> 2000, the valley also scored a slight decrease in farming of other animals, both in 

the number of businesses <strong>and</strong> in that of head of cattle. 

Type 

Table 40 Farming of other animals in Valle dei Mòcheni 

Businesses 

1982 

Businesses 

1990 

Businesses 

2000 

Head of 

cattle 

1982 

Head of 

cattle 

1990 


Head of 

cattle 

2000 

Sheep 46 40 24 6882 5499 5238 

Pig 192 91 30 251 121 41 

Rabbit 118 119 43 1370 947 421 

Aviculture 264 247 109 1986 1595 739 

TOTAL 620 497 206 10489 8162 6439 


When compared to previous decades, traditional agricultural <strong>and</strong> animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry activities – though 

still maintaining an important role in the valley’s economy – decreased dramatically whilst more 

profitable cultivation grew, such as the cultivation of small forest fruits, which led to the creation of a 

co-operative in 1970. The co-operative, which was initially established for the production of 

strawberries, has diversified its production over the course of the years. It has harvested, worked <strong>and</strong> 

marketed strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, blackcurrants, cherries, apples <strong>and</strong> 

vegetables. In more recent years the co-operative, which has been joined by other producers from 8 

different areas of Trentino, has increased significantly in size <strong>and</strong> brought work <strong>and</strong> wealth even to 

outside of the valley. As a matter of fact this sector provides stable full time or part time jobs for 

about 420 people domiciled in the valley. In addition to this, it provides seasonal work for 150 

foreigners. In the 2000-2004 period production progressively increased, both in terms of quantity <strong>and</strong> 

in terms of turnover. 

Therefore, over the last few years the production of small fruit has been by far the most important 

economic sector in the valley, if we consider both the number of people employed in it <strong>and</strong> the wealth 

produced <strong>and</strong> distributed in the valley. 

Table 41 Wealth produced by small fruits production 

Municipality Processed-sold fruit (Kg) Sales worth (€) 

Fierozzo 56,562 (7.99%) 225,914 

Frassilongo 23,339 (3.74%) 105,838 

Sant’Orsola 763,330 (88.25%) 2,492,868 

TOTAL 843,231 2,824,620 

Source: our elaboration following data from Servizio Statistica PAT, 2004. 

In conclusion, the Valle dei Mòcheni economy is characterised by the marked presence of traditional 

sectors such as agriculture, animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry <strong>and</strong> craft businesses. The service industry, in which 

tourism is included, occupies an important role both in terms of the domiciled people working in the 

sector <strong>and</strong> in terms of employees. However, the valley’s economy as a whole shows structural limits, 

due to the area’s marginal geographical position, low integration among different sectors <strong>and</strong> lack of 

an integrated strategic view which could make it possible to draw up initiatives to be carried out for 

the development of the territory. 

With regard to this situation, the Patto Territoriale della Valle dei Mòcheni’s (Valle dei Mòcheni’s 

Territorial Pact) primary goal is to create jobs in the valley, in the agriculture <strong>and</strong> animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry 

sectors, with the aim to fight excessive commuting. The territory also has the objective of developing 

the touristic sector in step with the other sectors. In order to overcome some critical situations in the 

38

Mòcheni economy, the pact provides for the creation of a “milk supply chain” which plans the 

following actions: 

� Construction of a dairy. Raw materials will be processed on-site, with the aim of improving the 

profitability of companies working in agriculture <strong>and</strong> specialising in the production of milk. This 

way, it will be possible to encourage the creation of typical local production within the supply 

chain, which could be obtained through the co-operation of the public <strong>and</strong> private sectors. The 

milk supply chain will naturally integrate with the existing agricultural production of minor crops 

that already represent a significant characteristic mark for the area of the Patto; 

� Implementation <strong>and</strong> support for initiatives to increase the number of cattle, sheep <strong>and</strong> goats 

through the creation of infrastructure necessary for the development <strong>and</strong> the enhancement of the 

productive chain, with particular focus on the establishment or improvement of road links, to 

access the bases which host agricultural firms, agritourisms or mountain chalets; 

� support for livestock production for meat produce, which could represent the supply needed for 

the production of by-products of meat, through the construction of public structures, such as the 

slaughter house soon to be built in the neighbouring Pergine Valsugana municipality; 

� Developing a label for local produce, in order to sustain the quality <strong>and</strong> production, linking them 

in a clear <strong>and</strong> unambiguous way to the area. 

Table 42 sums up the economic details that have been presented. 

Table 42 Eeconomic characteristics of Valle dei Mòcheni area 

Inhabitants employed in different sectors 





Unemployment rate 1,99% (Province 3,3%) 

Employees 


Energy production from renewable 

sources 

Sustainable mobility system Absent 






� Local units by productive sector 





� Agricultural businesses: 422 

� Animal husb<strong>and</strong>ry businesses: 309 

� Arts <strong>and</strong> crafts 

� Small- <strong>and</strong> medium-sized enterprises 

� Importance of the small fruits market 

Good vocation for renewable energy sources, 

especially photovoltaic <strong>and</strong> hydroelectric 

energy 


39



The Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi area includes 5 municipalities, namely Bieno, Canal San Bovo, Castello 

Tesino, Cinte Tesino <strong>and</strong> Pieve Tesino. It stretches across two comprensori (administrative units 

larger than municipalities, but smaller than provinces). The Canal San Bovo municipality stretches 

across the Primiero comprensorio, whereas the other ones belong to the Bassa Valsugana <strong>and</strong> Tesino 

comprensorio, both from the geographic <strong>and</strong> administrative points of view. 

The municipalities are not too fractionated on the territory, with the exceptions of Canal San Bovo, 

which is divided into 6 inhabited centres <strong>and</strong> 5 inhabited nucleuses, <strong>and</strong> that of Castello Tesino, which 

has only one centre, but 5 inhabited nucleuses 4 . 

Municipality 

Table 43 Division of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities 

Inhabited 

centre 

Inhabited 

nucleus 

Scattered 

houses 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 6 5 1 12 


Total 

Bieno (Tesino) 1 1 1 3 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 1 5 1 7 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 1 - 1 2 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 1 1 1 3 

AREA TOTAL 10 12 5 27 


The Tesino plateau st<strong>and</strong>s out for its beautiful, gently undulating, green l<strong>and</strong>scape. It is studded with 

pastures <strong>and</strong> cultivated fields, while the woodl<strong>and</strong> in the Vanoi valley, especially on the left bank of 

the stream of the same name, is the main feature of the area, which has been nicknamed “Trentino’s 

green heart”. 

The Tesino-Vanoi area is situated in the mountain belt of the Trentino territory, at an average altitude 

of 827 metres. As a matter of fact, the altitude ranges from Canal San Bovo’s 757 metres to Cinte 

Tesino’s 871 metres, with some hamlets of the five municipalities situated at over 1000 metres above 

sea level. The overall surface area exceeds 349 square kilometres <strong>and</strong> accounts for less than 6% of the 

surface of the province. 

Table 44 Altitude <strong>and</strong> surface of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities 

Municipality Average altitude (AMSL) Surface (km 2 ) 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 757 125,54 

Bieno (Tesino) 815 11,69 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 871 112,49 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 851 25,8 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 843 73,85 

AREA TOTAL 827,4 349,37 

Source: our elaboration based on Servizio Statistica PAT data 

4 An inhabited centre is a block of houses which are adjacent or close to one another. Public services or offices 

are also present. Inhabited nucleuses are inhabited areas devoid of the gathering place which is typical of 

inhabited centres. 

40

From a geographic perspective, the territory is on the outskirts of the production, administration <strong>and</strong> 

service hubs of the province. On the one h<strong>and</strong>, being on the outskirts gives advantages in terms of 

territorial integrity. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, it affects the whole production system of the territory, as 

regards craftsmanship, industry <strong>and</strong> tourism. 

In the domain of the road network inside the area <strong>and</strong> to other more pivotal locations, the accessibility 

level of the area can be defined of medium difficulty, as bottlenecks are present in the area in the 

connection between Tesino <strong>and</strong> Valsugana <strong>and</strong> Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi, which are joined by the Strada 

Provinciale – provincial road - 79 of the Passo Brocon. The State Road number 47 of Valsugana is the 

main one in the area, as connections to Tesino (from Grigno) <strong>and</strong> Vanoi (from Fonzaso) divert from 

it. Vanoi can also be reached from the Veneto side <strong>and</strong> Val di Fiemme through the Rolle Pass 5 . 

Figure 18 Accessibility to the Tesino-Vanoi area 

Considering the surface of woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> farm l<strong>and</strong>, the Tesino-Vanoi area can boast an overall 

surface of about 29,000 hectares. 67% of it is woodl<strong>and</strong>, 31% is used for agriculture, <strong>and</strong> 3% is 

infertile l<strong>and</strong>. 

Table 45 Woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> agriculture surface (in hectares) 

Municipality Woodl<strong>and</strong> Agricultural 

surface 

Infertile 

l<strong>and</strong> 

Total 

surface 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 5.895,03 2.333,02 458,08 8.686,13 

Bieno (Tesino) 535,77 507,08 1,66 1.044,51 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 6.376,61 3.141,62 66,09 9.584,32 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 2.240,98 439,78 44,71 2.725,47 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 3.976,22 2.355,6 163,08 6.494,90 

AREA TOTAL 19.024,61 8.777,1 733,62 28.535,33 

PROVINCE 308.738,03 146.989,21 13.919,53 469.657,60 

Area/Province incidence 6,2% 6,0% 5,3% 6,1% 


In numerous cases, accommodation in the Tesino-Vanoi area is only temporary. As a matter of fact, 

about 60% of the buildings in the area are not inhabited on a regular basis, while they total 34% in the 

territory of the province (Table 5). The main reason of the failure to use is that they are vacation 

homes, which are used on holiday, while 26% of houses are not used at all, when compared to a 

5 The Castello Tesino municipality is 55.3 km away from Trento. It can be reached in about one hour’s drive, 

whereas the Canal S. Bovo municipality is 94.7 km away from Trento. It can be reached in about one <strong>and</strong> a half 

or two hours. 


41

province average of failure-to-use lower than 20%. Their value is noteworthy, as there are more than 

800. 

Municipalities 

Table 46 Buildings in the Tesino-Vanoi area 

Inhabited buildings 

N. 

% of the 

whole 

Uninhabited 

buildings 

% of the 

N. 

whole 


Total 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 749 46% 888 54% 1637 

Bieno (Tesino) 210 37% 360 63% 570 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 749 42% 1.051 58% 1800 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 209 52% 196 48% 405 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 362 33% 723 67% 1085 

AREA TOTAL 2279 41% 3218 59% 5497 

PROVINCE 192.517 66% 99.648 34% 292165 

Municipality 


Table 47 Reasons for failure to use buildings 

inhabited 

on solida 

inhabited to 

work <strong>and</strong>/or 

study 

inhabited for 

other 

reasons 

Uninhabited Total 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 620 16 35 219 890 

Bieno (Tesino) 227 2 2 130 361 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 495 24 185 291 995 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 92 4 44 55 195 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 504 34 29 118 685 

AREA TOTAL 1.938 80 295 813 3.126 

PROVINCE 60.841 2.987 8.632 17.834 90.294 


Rural buildings are typical in the area, thus witnessing the material culture <strong>and</strong> the relation that 

inhabitants have with their own territory. Chalets are rural buildings which are used in certain seasons. 

They are scattered all over the territory at an altitude ranging from 800 to 1600 metres. Today, they 

are still noteworthy economic <strong>and</strong> cultural heritage of the area. 

The table below summarises data about geographic characteristics. 

Table 48 Geographical characteristics 


Average altitude (metres above sea 

level) 

820 metres above sea level 

Surface (km 2 ) 349,37 (5,6% of Trentino) 

Number of municipalities 5 municipalities (2,2% of Trentino) 

� Medium/difficult 

Accessibility 

� Geographically peripheral territory situated in the 

esat of Trentino, bordering Veneto. 

Connection with surrounding areas 

Conection with surrounding areas is possible through 

the State Road 47 of Valsugana from Tesino. In 

addition, connection is possible through the Veneto 

side <strong>and</strong> through Val di Fiemme from Vanoi. 

42

Woodl<strong>and</strong>, farm l<strong>and</strong>, inhabited 

nucleuses 


� Woodl<strong>and</strong> 19,024.61 hectares 

� Farm l<strong>and</strong>: 8,777.1 hectares 

� A high percentage of buildings in the territory are 

not inhabited very often, mainly because they are 

vacation homes. 

Mountain chalets are typical of the area. These rural 

buildings provide the area with noteworthy economic 

<strong>and</strong> cultural heritage. 


At the end of 2008, the domiciled population in the Tesino-Vanoi area was equal to 4,765, i.e. 0,87% 

of the whole province. Inhabited centres are quite small, averaging 900 inhabitants per centre. Two 

municipalities exceed 1000 inhabitants, i.e. Canal San Bovo <strong>and</strong> Castello Tesino; Pieve Tesino totals 

over 500, while Bieno <strong>and</strong> Cinte Tesino are below this number. 

Table 49 The domiciled population 

Municipality 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 1.645 1.657 1.665 1.658 1.649 1.641 1.651 1.661 1.646 1.657 1.633 

Bieno (Tesino) 474 471 468 438 438 440 447 451 453 445 443 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 1.450 1.449 1.447 1.445 1.421 1.410 1.414 1.413 1.381 1.381 1.374 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 419 406 412 407 398 399 392 382 375 381 382 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 777 776 763 775 776 758 743 745 730 717 705 

AREA TOTAL 4.765 4.759 4.755 4.723 4.682 4.648 4.647 4.652 4.585 4.581 4.537 


Over the last 10 years, the domiciled population has decreased by 4.8%. Pieve Tesino <strong>and</strong> Cinte 

Tesino are the municipalities showing the most striking depopulation process. 

Table 50 Domiciled population’s percentage growth rate 

Municipality 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 98-08 

Canal San Bovo 

(Vanoi) - 0,7 0,5 -0,4 -0,5 -0,5 0,6 0,6 -0,9 0,7 -1,4 -0,7 

Bieno (Tesino) - -0,6 -0,6 -6,4 0,0 0,5 1,6 0,9 0,4 -1,8 -0,4 -6,5 

Castello Tesino 

(Tesino) - -0,1 -0,1 -0,1 -1,7 -0,8 0,3 -0,1 -2,3 0,0 -0,5 -5,2 

Cinte Tesino 

(Tesino) - -3,1 1,5 -1,2 -2,2 0,3 -1,8 -2,6 -1,8 1,6 0,3 -8,8 

Pieve Tesino 

(Tesino) - -0,1 -1,7 1,6 0,1 -2,3 -2,0 0,3 -2,0 -1,8 -1,7 -9,3 

AREA TOTAL - -0,1 -0,1 -0,7 -0,9 -0,7 0,0 0,1 -1,4 -0,1 -1,0 -4,8 


The municipality with the highest density per square kilometre is Bieno, while the density in the 

whole area amounts to 13 inhabitants per square kilometre (Table 10). When compared to 1998, the 


43

density has slightly diminished in all the municipalities in the area, thus confirming again the 

population decrease. 

Table 51 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities 


Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 13.01 

Bieno (Tesino) 37.90 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 12.21 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 14.81 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 9.55 



Figure 19 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of Tesino-Vanoi municipalities. 1998 - 2008 


The trend that has involved the inhabitants has been taken into consideration through the <strong>analysis</strong> of 

natural events, such as deaths <strong>and</strong> births, social phenomena of population’s mobility, which can be 

defined as migratory flows of registrations of births in the register office or cancellations. The 

population’s natural <strong>and</strong> migratory balances were analysed, i.e. the birth/mortality rate <strong>and</strong> the 

migratory rate. As can be noted in Table 11, the decrease of the population is mainly caused by the 

natural balance, in which quite a high mortality rate is in contrast with a low birth rate. This negative 

trend has partially been softened by a positive migratory balance. 

Table 52 Population’s natural <strong>and</strong> migratory balance in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Percentage of the whole 

population (1998-2008) 

Events <strong>and</strong> 

balance 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Births 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4 

Deaths 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.1 

Natural balance -0.9 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9 -1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.4 -1.0 -0.9 -1.7 

Registrations 1.8 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.6 

Cancellations 1.6 2.0 1.8 2.5 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.8 1.8 1.9 

Migratory balance 0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.5 -0.4 1.0 0.7 



44

Figure 20 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance of the Tesino-Vanoi area of the whole population (1998-2008) 


The presence of a population balance showing a declining trend, characterised by a low birth rate <strong>and</strong> 

high death rate in the Tesino-Vanoi area, can be noted in the <strong>analysis</strong> of the population structure 

according to age brackets. As a matter of fact, inhabitants aged over 65 account for over one quarter 

of the total population – 28% - <strong>and</strong> one quarter – 26% - are made up of people belonging to the 46-64 

age bracket. 14% of the remaining 47% are made up of people aged 0-18, 6% of people aged 19-25, 

11% are aged 26-35 – i.e. people who have just started working - <strong>and</strong> 15% are aged 36-45. This 

situation has not changed much over the last 10 years. 

Table 53 The structure of the population by age. Year 2008 

Brackets Percentage of the whole 

0-18 14% 

19-25 6% 

26-35 11% 

36-45 15% 

46-64 26% 

65 <strong>and</strong> over 28% 

TOTAL 100% 



45

Figure 21 The structure of the population by age (1998-2008) 


To make the <strong>analysis</strong> more convincing, other indexes were taken into account, such as: the old age 



the ratio of the people who are not in work (0-14 <strong>and</strong> 65+) to the total population in work (Figure 22). 

The age rate of the Tesino Vanoi area amounts to 238.7, i.e. almost twice as much as for the province. 

The rate enables us to underst<strong>and</strong> the influence that the elder population, aged 65 <strong>and</strong> over, has on the 

younger, aged 0 to 14. Such a high score shows an unbalance in the area due to the larger number of 

elderly people, which is about twice that of young people. 

The social burden rate does not show such a wide difference between the two areas of reference, as 

the area score is 68 when compared to 51 recorded in the province. The rate shows how large the – 

young <strong>and</strong> elderly – population is which depend on the working population. This score is affected by 

the social situation <strong>and</strong> stage of development of an area. It is influenced by the younger generations’ 

delayed study careers <strong>and</strong> their problems in finding jobs, <strong>and</strong> by the phenomenon of early retirement. 

These aspects highlight the burden of the elder population in these areas. 

Figure 22 Population structure by age brackets (2008) 


In conclusion, the fact that the Tesino-Vanoi population is rather old is significant from an economic 

perspective. An area in which over a third of the population is over 60 <strong>and</strong> is in the retirement age is 

surely less active in the business sector. Therefore, it is less flourishing in the productive system. 

The only data related to demographic characteristics is the percentage of commuters in the area. One 

third of the domiciled population commutes from the area to go to the workplace. Such percentage 

increases in the Castello Tesino, Cinte Tesino <strong>and</strong> Canal San Bovo municipalities, where it reaches a 


46

percentage which equals half of the active population (Table 13). Such data show that villages in the 

area are normally used as dwelling places <strong>and</strong> are economically dependent on the entrepreneurial <strong>and</strong> 

non-entrepreneurial activities in which most inhabitants of working age are employed. These 

businesses are located outside of the municipalities. 

Table 54 Percentage of commuters in the active population 

Municipality Commuters 

Active 


% of commuters in 

the active 


Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 82 167 49.1 

Bieno (Tesino) 198 565 35.0 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 80 162 49.4 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 125 306 40.8 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 124 612 20.3 

AREA TOTAL 609 1812 33.6 


The table sums up the information that has been presented on demographic characteristics. 

Tabele 55 Area’s social <strong>and</strong> economic profile. Demographic characteristics 


� Domiciled population in 2008: 4,537 (0.87% 

upon the whole province) 

� Growth rate from 1998 to 2008: -4.8% 

� Natural balance: -1.7% (2008) 

� Migratory balance: +0.7% (2008) 

� Age brackets: 0-18 = 14% 

19-25 = 6% 

Demographic 

26-35 = 11% 

36-45 = 15% 

46-64 = 26% 

65 <strong>and</strong> over = 28% 

� Old age rate: 238,7 

� Social burden rate: 68,7 

� Commuting rate: 33,6 

Density (inhbitants/km 2 � Canal San Bovo: 13,01 

� Bieno: 37,90 

� Castello Tesino: 12,21 

) 

� Cinte Tesino: 14,81 

� Pieve Tesino: 9,55 

� Tesino-Vanoi: 12,99 

The economic characteristics 


The active domiciled population in the Tesino-Vanoi area totals 37% of the overall population (data 

from 2001). It is mainly employed in the fields of industry <strong>and</strong> services, whereas 21% work in 

commerce <strong>and</strong> the remaining 5% are employed in agriculture. After examining the municipalities, the 


47

esult is that Canal San Bovo has a very high percentage of population dedicated to agriculture <strong>and</strong> 

forestry. In the Vanoi valley woodl<strong>and</strong> used to be <strong>and</strong> is still today a rich resource. 


Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Service Total 


% of the whole 9% 34% 23% 35% 100% 

Bieno (Tesino) 4 79 25 49 157 

% of the whole 3% 50% 16% 31% 100% 


% of the whole 1% 36% 22% 40% 100% 


% of the whole 5% 44% 12% 39% 100% 


% of the whole 4% 38% 20% 39% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 84 655 360 645 1.744 

% of the whole 5% 38% 21% 37% 100% 


The unemployment rate in the area totals 3.75%, peaking in Bieno, where it reaches 5.99%. 


Municipality Unemployment rate (%) 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 2.94 

Bieno (Tesino) 5.99 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 4.07 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 3.70 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 3.59 



Analysing the population employed in local companies, we can note that 42% are employed in the 

service industry, 33% in the industrial sector, 25% in commerce <strong>and</strong> 1% in agriculture (Table 17). The 

industrial sector in Bieno <strong>and</strong> Cinte Tesino is very well developed. 




% of the whole 0% 33% 19% 48% 100% 

Bieno (Tesino) 0 36 11 26 73 

% of the whole 0% 49% 15% 36% 100% 


% of the whole 1% 15% 38% 46% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 61% 17% 23% 100% 


% of the whole 1% 42% 23% 34% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 7 336 251 424 1018 

% of the whole 1% 33% 25% 42% 100% 



48

In 2001, the overall number of the local units in the area amounted to 422 units, divided into industrial 

service (41%), commerce (34%), industry (23%) <strong>and</strong> agriculture (2%) (Table 18). Over the last few 

years both the number of companies <strong>and</strong> that of workers in the industrial <strong>and</strong> service sectors have 

shrunk. This negative trend is further testimony that the area is heading towards a state of depression. 

Table 59 Local units: Main business sectors 

Municipality Agriculture Industry Commerce Service Total 


% of the whole 2% 28% 29% 41% 100% 

Bieno (Tesino) 0 11 8 14 33 

% of the whole 0% 33% 24% 42% 100% 


% of the whole 3% 17% 45% 35% 100% 


% of the whole 0% 15% 24% 62% 100% 


% of the whole 2% 21% 32% 44% 100% 

AREA TOTAL 8 95 145 174 422 

% of the whole 2% 23% 34% 41% 100% 


Over the last few years, the Tesino-Vanoi area has shown to be in a difficult social <strong>and</strong> economic 

situation mainly due to: 

� The peripheral location of the area, when compared with the production, administration <strong>and</strong> 

service hubs of the province. In addition to this, the area is not easily accessible from within 

the province nor from the major roads from outside the province; 

� The insufficient inclination to productive investments, which is caused by scarce integration 

among players of the economic network <strong>and</strong> lack of a general strategic perspective which 

allows to start integrated, long-term actions; 

� The absence of elements such as structures, services, businesses which are able to attract the 

interest of operators <strong>and</strong> markets. A driving force encouraging the local industry <strong>and</strong> 

attracting markets is absent. 

With regard to this situation, the territorial Pact for the Tesino-Vanoi area has singled out the 

development of crafts <strong>and</strong> industry among its strategic priorities. Among its objectives, it has also 

planned to carry out: 

� Projects of development of productive activities which are already present in the area <strong>and</strong>/or 

start-up of new initiatives. These initiatives can establish positive, direct relations with the 

local touristic system, both in terms of the provision of services <strong>and</strong> products to businesses 

working in the touristic field <strong>and</strong> in terms of the offer of products which are linked to the 

area’s features, or are able to use primary resources <strong>and</strong>/or semi-finished products coming 

from toher local productive sectors; 

� Entrepreneurial projects aiming to develop the area’s primary resources for productive <strong>and</strong> 

occupational purposes, with particolar attention to the manufacturing of wood, the existing 

activities of extraction <strong>and</strong> manfufacturing of stone to be used for building <strong>and</strong> furnishing, the 

manufacturing <strong>and</strong> transformation of agriculture, livestock, forest activities. All of these 


49

activities will have to be compatible with the territory’s environmental balance <strong>and</strong> aim to 

preserve it; 

� Projects aiming at intensifying relations among businesses or the networking of businesses or 

specific business functions which can produce benefits for the companies that are involved 

<strong>and</strong> the whole local production, from the economic, organisational/management, commercial 

perspective; 

� Projects of re-location of local businesses away from inhabited centres or environmentally or 

functionally inadequate locations more suitable areas for production. The goal is to improve 

the territorial structure as a whole <strong>and</strong> its functionality for touristic puposes; 

� Public investment projects aiming at providing infrastructure to productive areas or helping 

the competitiveness of industrial <strong>and</strong> craft businesses in terms of availability of 

communication services, accessibility, power-related costs, disposal of industrial waste; 

� Projects promoted by public bodies, entrepreneurial organisations or companies to revive <strong>and</strong> 

enhance enterprise, with the goal of widening the local entrepreneurship with specific 

reference to the above mentioned objectives. 

The table below summarises the data on the economic characteristics that have been presented. 

Inhabitants employed in 

different sectors 

Table 60 Economic characteristics of the Tesino-Vanoi area 




Service: 37% (Province 44%) 

Unemployment rate 3,75% (Province 3,3%) 


Employees 




� Local units by productive sector 






� Agricultural businesses: 1.084 

� Arts <strong>and</strong> crafts 

• Small- <strong>and</strong> medium-sized enterprises 

• Presence of traditional activities such as 

agriculture, forestry, arts <strong>and</strong> crafts 

• Predominant periodicity linked to 

Energy production from 

agricultural activities 

Photovoltaic <strong>and</strong> solar energy production is planned to feed 

renewable sources 

non-hotel structures (mountain chalets) 

Sustainable mobility systems Absent 



50

2.1.3. The touristic sector 


The touristic movement 

In 2008 the arrivals in Valle del Chiese were 31,333 while the total presences ampunted to 240,981, 

equal to 1.05% <strong>and</strong> to 1.64% of the provincial total. 

One can see from the table below that the arrivals are concentrated in the second homes, followed by 

hotels, while the presence are concentrated mainly in second homes, which together with the private 

homes <strong>and</strong> complementary accommodation cover 70% of total presences. 

Table 61 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences from 1998 to 2008 in different types of accommodation 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Esercizi alberghieri Arrivi 7274 7673 7715 8143 9090 7664 8034 8200 8480 9169 9010 

Presenze 35943 38274 31559 34763 39232 34466 33911 39092 33824 38503 31257 

Esercizi complementari Arrivi 6277 5182 6146 6135 5481 5744 5984 5782 6269 5406 5002 

Presenze 38515 37683 38501 42409 42715 34791 39349 31966 37154 32043 27339 

Alloggi privati Arrivi 5011 4997 4651 4402 4336 4578 5180 6014 6548 6350 6180 

Presenze 63460 61497 57619 52859 58387 55007 58093 64954 71617 74904 72288 

Seconde case Arrivi 8215 8052 8203 7714 7334 7476 8250 8772 9729 10679 11141 

Presenze 85945 83194 80399 83087 84332 84198 88919 95295 102644 112311 110097 

Totale Arrivi 26777 25904 26715 26394 26241 25462 27448 28768 31026 31604 31333 

Presenze 223863 220648 208078 213118 224666 208462 220272 231307 245239 257761 240981 


The trend in arrivals over the past 10 years shows a trend of moderate but unsteady growth, with a 

sharp rise between 2003 <strong>and</strong> 2006. This trend is particularly related to the case of second homes, 

while it is less important for hotel <strong>and</strong> private accommodation, whereas it shows signs of slight 

decline in alternative accommodation types. Second homes proved to be the most popular type of 

accommodation. 

Figure 23 Arrivals in Valle del Chiese. 1998-2008 



51

Figure 24 Presences in Valle del Chiese. 1998-2008 


After several years of fairly good growth, the presences declined slightly from 2007 to 2008. This 

drop in growth results mainly in hotels <strong>and</strong> alternative accommodation types, whereas second homes 

showed moderate, stable growth last year. 

The average stay of tourists in the valley has seen a decrease in the last 10 years, declining from 8.4 

nights to 7.7 in 2008. This figure assumes greater significance when referring to the hotel sector 

alone, for which the decrease is very noticeable: from 4.9 nights to 3.5. 

Figure 25 <strong>and</strong> 26 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008 


1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Permanenza Media 8,4 8,5 7,8 8,1 8,6 8,2 8,0 8,0 7,9 8,2 7,7 

Permanenza Media Alberghiero 4,9 5,0 4,1 4,3 4,3 4,5 4,2 4,8 4,0 4,2 3,5 

Permanenza Media Extralberghiero 9,6 10,0 9,3 9,8 10,8 9,8 9,6 9,3 9,4 9,8 9,4 



52

The structure of the offer 

The hotel sector 

The Valle del Chiese, from the st<strong>and</strong>point of hotel accommodation, is rather modest. There are 24 

hotels, with 762 beds. The municipality of Roncone alone represents 33% of the total number of hotel 

accommodation, followed by Storo which has 14%. The qualitative offer is aimed at the middle - low 

part of the market: 3-star hotels are 45%, while 2-star hotels represent 39% <strong>and</strong> 1-star hotels only 

16%. 3-star hotels, although less numerous than 2-star hotels, are the dominant hotel accommodation 

in terms of bed number. 

Table 62 The hotel structure by municipality. 2008 

Municipality 1-star 2-star 3-star TOTAL 

N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds 

Bersone 1 24 0 0 0 0 1 24 

Bondo 0 0 0 0 1 59 1 59 

Bondone 0 0 1 19 0 0 1 19 

Brione 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Castel Condino 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Cimego 0 0 0 0 1 44 1 44 

Condino 0 0 2 58 1 32 3 90 

Daone 2 36 2 53 0 0 4 89 

Lardaro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Pieve di Bono 1 25 2 42 0 0 3 67 

Praso 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Prezzo 1 17 0 0 0 0 1 17 

Roncone 1 24 4 103 2 122 7 249 

Storo 0 0 1 21 1 83 2 104 

Total 6 126 12 296 6 340 24 762 


Figure 27 The division of hotels by the number of stars 


The hotels are of a medium to small size, which equals 31.8 beds per hotel, 15 rooms per hotel on 

average. 


53

Table 63 The average dimension of hotels. 2008 

Star Average dimension 

1-star 21 

2-star 24.7 

3-star 56.7 

Total 31.8 


Over the past 10 years Valle del Chiese has lost 8 hotels, <strong>and</strong> the total capacity of beds has fallen by 

11%. 

The non-hotel sector 

Valle del Chiese is well-equipped in terms of non-hotel accommodation. The different 

accommodation facilities amount to 1,610, with a total of 7,890 beds. Beds are concentrated mainly in 

second homes, private accommodation structures, holiday camps, camping sites <strong>and</strong> caravans, 

covering 92% of the total. Second homes, alone, represent more than half of the non-hotel sector. The 

remaining 8% is divided between campsites, guesthouses, B & Bs, lodges <strong>and</strong> farmhouses, which, 

taken individually, do not represent a significant number. 

The average size of non-hotel structures equals 5.5 beds per facility, but there is a great discrepancy 

between campsites (322), refuges, holiday camps <strong>and</strong> holiday homes (between 30 <strong>and</strong> 40 beds) <strong>and</strong> 

private housing <strong>and</strong> second homes (5 beds per structure). 

Table 64 The non-hotel sector. 2008 

Accommodation type N. Beds % Beds of the whole 

Rent a room, vacation homes <strong>and</strong> apartments, 

Bed & Breakfast 

6 48 1% 

Camping Sites 1 240 3% 

Refuges 2 85 1% 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 31 1237 16% 

Holiday homes 4 189 2% 

Agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping 7 48 1% 

Private lodgings 440 1840 23% 

Second homes 1119 4203 53% 

Total 1610 7890 100% 



54

Figure 28 The non-hotel sector structure by type 


The average size of non-hotel facilities is equal to 4.9 beds per facility, but there is a great 

discrepancy between campsites (240), refuges, holiday camps <strong>and</strong> holiday homes (around 40 beds) 

<strong>and</strong> private accomodation <strong>and</strong> second homes (4 beds per structure). 

Table 65 The average capacity of non-hotel accommodation. 2008 

Accommodation type Average Capacity 

Rent a room, vacantion homes <strong>and</strong> apartments, Bed & Breakfast 8 

Campsites 240 

Refuges 42 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 40 

Holiday homes 47 

Agritourisms <strong>and</strong> agricamping 7 

Private lodgings 4 

Second homes 4 

Total 4.9 


The average capacity of the hotels in Valle del Chiese is less than half that of the provincial average 

(60) because the hotels are small family-run businesses. As for the non-hotel sector, the average 

capacity is aligned with provincial st<strong>and</strong>ards, as expected, since in the valley, as elsewhere in the 

region, the predominant type of alternative accommodation is represented by second homes. 

Over the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of non-hotel accommodation structures 

decreased by 9%, <strong>and</strong> as a consequence the number of beds decreased by 10%. 


55

Considering the rates of use of the accommodation facilities, it is notable that in terms of tourism they 

are greatly underutilised. The rate is calculated by dividing the presences by the theoretically 

maximum capacity of accommodation obtained by multiplying the number of beds for 365 days. 

Table 66 The rate regarding the use of the accommodation facilities. 2008 

Accommodation type Hotel Non-hotel Total 

Presences 31.257 209.724 240.981 

Number of beds 762 7.890 8.652 

Theoretical maximum 

accomodation capacity 

278.130 2.879.850 3.157.980 

Use rate 11.2% 7.3% 7.6% 


Targets, products, markets 

Products 

The Eco-museum was established in 2002 in Valle del Chiese. The unusual position of the valley, 

located on the border of the Lombardy region, inspired the name of this Eco-museum, "Porta del 

Trentino" (Trentino’s door), because the territory is the ideal gateway to the Alpine world. 

This is a project built around three types of fundamental products, distributed in an area where the 

weather alternates from the glacial environment of Adamello to the more moderate climate of Lake 

Idro: the touristic offer of Valley del Chiese has therefore been sold on three concepts: Nature, 

History <strong>and</strong> Art <strong>and</strong> Taste. 

The product “Nature” focuses on the typical pre-alpine <strong>and</strong> alpine l<strong>and</strong>scape villages: the Valle di 

Daone, a true pearl of the Dolomites l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>and</strong> of the plateau of Boniprati, the Valley Breguzzo 

<strong>and</strong> all the areas of high altitude feature an unspoilt countryside. 

The history of the Lodron Family, the evocation of World War I <strong>and</strong> the recovery of ancient works 

along the Path of Ethnography of the Rio Caino di Cimego are the most important points of the Route 

of Memory, which winds its way through the marks left on the territory by World War I, such as the 

barrage of Lardaro <strong>and</strong> the Monumental Cemetery of Bondo, <strong>and</strong> the memory of local traditions. The 

special geographic location of the valley, which in the past was the favoured holiday location for 

many artists, mainly from Brescia, enabled the creation of works of great historical <strong>and</strong> artistic 

prestige, preserved in the two parish churches of Condino <strong>and</strong> Pieve di Bono. 

The third type of product is related to gastronomy <strong>and</strong> leads to the rediscovery of flavours <strong>and</strong> 

ingredients of an antique cuisine: corn meal from Storo, the Spressa from Roncone, the cicerbita 

alpina from the Valle di Daone are just some of a few products that the locals have been able to draw 

from the resources of the earth, in a synthesis of science, culture, folklore <strong>and</strong> nature. 

The low-impact touristic offer of this area is a deliberate alternative to the typical mass tourism offers 

that characterise the more well-known mountain villages. The current products have good potential of 

attracting tourists on the level of gastronomy <strong>and</strong> active holidays. The typical pre-alpine <strong>and</strong> alpine 

l<strong>and</strong>scape located in Valle del Chiese is an interesting synthesis, with plants <strong>and</strong> diverse wildlife 

concentrated in just a few kilometres. The path which traces around the river Chiese becomes a 

journey of discovery, a route that leads from the lake at the bottom of the valley, characterised by the 


56

presence of trees <strong>and</strong> plants typical of more temperate climates, to the massive rocks of the Adamello 

range. 

The main products <strong>and</strong> activities are: 

� Nature 

• Presence of the Adamello Brenta Nature Park, with a Park house in Val Daone; 

• Trekking: well established footpaths <strong>and</strong> pathways of varying degrees of difficulty, 

from simple walks along the plateau of Boniprati, to the visit to Cima Tombea, 

known to botanists throughout Europe for the extraordinary concentration of endemic 

flower species still growing there; 

• Mountain biking <strong>and</strong> cycling: more than 400 kilometres of track for bike <strong>and</strong> cycling 

lovers; 

• Winter sports: due to the valley’s orographic conformation there is the opportunity to 

go skiing, mountaineering, snowshoeing <strong>and</strong> ice-climbing on slopes of varying 

difficulty; 

• Recreational fishing: the wealth of waterways offers the opportunity to go fishing; 

• Lake tourism <strong>and</strong> surfing at Lake Idro <strong>and</strong> Lake Roncone, where the surrounding area 

has been turned into a miniature golf course, a children’s play area, several picnic <strong>and</strong> 

parking areas <strong>and</strong> wooden piers, often frequented by fishermen who are attracted by 

the rich variety of fish in the lake; 

• There is the opportunity to go canoeing <strong>and</strong> caving; 

� History <strong>and</strong> art: 

� Flavours: 

• Lodron: the Lodron Family’s buildings <strong>and</strong> castles, for instance the Castle of San 

Giovanni; 

• The Christian churches; 

• World War I: The Great War Museum of Bersone, Austrian-Hungarian Monumental 

Cemetery of Bondo; the offer of paths is being developed <strong>and</strong> increased. The aim is 

that of creating a museum centre located on the Forte Larino – Corno line. 

• Traditions <strong>and</strong> ancient knowledge: museum of popular traditions <strong>and</strong> customs, a small 

museum of the rural culture of Bondo, ethnographic path of Rio Caino; 

• Taste itinerary leading to the discovery of the flavours <strong>and</strong> ingredients of the 

traditional cuisine, backed up by some excellent local products such as corn meal 

from Storo, brook <strong>and</strong> mountain trout, turnips from Bondo, chestnuts <strong>and</strong> 

mushrooms, the Spressa from Roncone, alpine chicory, honey in its varieties 

(chestnut, mountain pine, flower essences) 

� Educational tourism: didactic learning paths <strong>and</strong> personalised, structured training walkways 

for school groups; 

2.1.4. Markets 


57

The main markets are the neighbouring regions in both summer <strong>and</strong> winter. The province of Brescia is 

in first place, followed by Cremona <strong>and</strong> Mantova. The first foreign market is Germany, then the 

Netherl<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> then to follow Croatia. 

Targets 

Current targets are represented by families with children, senior couples, school groups, individual 

adult guests (over 30 years old) <strong>and</strong> athletes. The present target corresponds to that of the target 

desired. Obviously there is ample room for growth in each of the target areas, with particular focus on 

foreign customers, especially Germany. 

The table below shows the main information related to the tourism sector. 

Investigated Area Item 

Dem<strong>and</strong> � Arrivals 31,333 <strong>and</strong> presences 240,891 

Hotels: 13% 

Non-hotels: 87% 

Arrivals: + 15% when compared to 1998 

Presences: +7% when compared to 1998 

� Average stay: 7.7 

Hotel: 3.5 

Non-hotel: 9.4 

Offer � Hotel: 24 structures with 762 beds 

Structure: -1% when compared to 1998 

Beds: -11% when compared to 1998 

Average dimensions: 31.8 

� Non-hotel: 1,610 structures with 7,890 beds 

Structures: -9% when compared to 1998 


Average stay: 4.9 

� Hotel use rate: 7.6 

Hotel: 11.2 

Non hotel: 7.3 

Targets, products <strong>and</strong> 

markets 

� Current Target: families with children, elderly people, school 

groups, individual adult guests; it corresponds to the desired target. 

� Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market is hardly 

developed (German market prevalent, followed by Holl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 

Croatia) 

� Current products: linked to nature, sport, memory <strong>and</strong> knowledge of 

antique gastronomy. Scope for further development. 



58


The touristic movement 

In 2008 arrivals in Valle dei Mòcheni amounted to 5,961, equal to 0.13% of the whole of the 

province, while presences amounted to 46,946, equal to 0.16%. 

Both arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences were concentrated in second homes, which total 60% of the whole. All 

other types of accommodation, in which arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences were distributed in quite a uniform 

way, scored lower results (Table 67). 

Table 67 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in different types of accommodation in 2008 

Accommodation type Arrivals Presences 

Hotels 18% 11% 

Alternative accommodation 11% 13% 

Private accommodation 11% 13% 

Second homes 60% 62% 

Total 100% 100% 


The <strong>analysis</strong> of arrivals in the last 10 years shows a very volatile trend. A slight increase was recorded 

between 1998 <strong>and</strong> 2000, whereas arrivals peaked in 2001, only to decrease slightly to a -14% growth 

rate in 2003. On the contrary, from 2005 to 2008, arrivals gradually but steadily increased. When 

compared to 1998, they went up by 4.26%. If we analyse accommodation types in detail, second 

houses scored a 135% increase between 1998 <strong>and</strong> 2008, whereas hotels <strong>and</strong> private accommodation 

went down by 63% <strong>and</strong> 13% respectively. 

Figure 29 Arrivals in Valle dei Mòcheni. 1998-2008 


If we also consider presences, the trend has been inconsistent over the last ten years, as it has 

undergone both positive <strong>and</strong> negative changes. From 1998 to 2008, however, the growth rate was 

6.14%. The 106.6% <strong>and</strong> 101.3% boost in presences in alternative accommodation types <strong>and</strong> second 

homes played a decisive role in this surge, while presences in hotels <strong>and</strong> private accommodation had a 

negative influence as they scored -68% <strong>and</strong> -40% respectively (Figure 30). 


59

Figure 30 Presences in Valle dei Mòcheni. 1998-2008 


From the point of view of the territory, the Frassilongo <strong>and</strong> Sant’Orsola Terme municipalities scored 

the highest number of presences, followed by Fierozzo <strong>and</strong> Palù del Fersina (Table 67). 

Table 68 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in 2007 by municipality 

Municipalities Arrivals Presences 

Fierozzo 22% 20% 

Frassilongo 25% 31% 

Palù del Fersina 26% 17% 

Sant’Orsola Terme 27% 31% 

AREA TOTAL 100% 100% 


If we consider how presences are distributed month by month, the summer peak appears to be evident, 

thus demonstrating that periodicity is a strong element in the tourism of Valle dei Mòcheni. As a 

matter of fact, with the exceptions of July <strong>and</strong> August, presences only increased slightly in December 

<strong>and</strong> January, when compared to all of the other months (Figure 31). 

Figure 31 Monthly presences in Valle dei Mòcheni in 2007 


The average length of stay in Valle dei Mòcheni has not undergone significant changes over the last 

ten years. It amounted to 7/8 nights. If we analyse accommodation types individually, however, we 

can note that only alternative accommodation types recorded surges in tourist accommodation, 

shifting from 6.1 nights in 1998 to 10.1 nights in 2008. All of the other accommodation facilities 

underwent slight decreases. It is particularly interesting that the duration of stays in alternative 

accommodation types, private accommodation <strong>and</strong> second houses resulted to be twice as much as – or 

even more - the duration of stays in hotels (Table 69). 

Table 69 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008 


60

Accommodation 

type 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Hotels 5.6 4.5 3.9 3.4 4.7 5.7 4.8 5.6 4.7 4.4 4.8 

Alternative 


6.1 4.9 5.0 6.9 13.2 11.1 9.8 13.0 8.9 6.6 10.1 

Private 


13.2 13.6 13.9 13.5 11.6 12.3 9.9 10.0 7.7 8.5 9.1 

Second homes 9.5 9.3 9.3 9.3 8.8 10.4 8.8 10.5 10.4 9.9 8.2 

Total 7.7 7.0 6.5 5.9 7.3 8.6 7.5 9.7 8.4 8.0 7.9 


Offer structure 

The hotel sector 

Valle dei Mòcheni has a limited number of hotels. As a matter of fact, there are only 8 hotels in the 

area, with 231 beds. From the point of view of the geographic distribution, hotels are equally divided 

among the four municipalities, but slightly more numerous in the Sant’Orsola Terme municipality 

(Table 70). 

Municipality 

Table 70 Hotel sector by municipality. Year 2007 

1 star 2 stars TOTAL 

N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds 

Fierozzo 1 16 1 16 

Frassilongo 1 24 1 16 2 40 

Palù del Fersina 1 24 1 38 2 62 

Sant’Orsola Terme 1 24 2 99 3 113 

AREA TOTAL 4 88 4 153 8 231 


Hotels have an average of 29 beds each (Table 71). 

Table 71 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2007 

Stars Average dimension 

1-star 22 

2-star 38.25 

TOTAL 28.87 


Between 1999 <strong>and</strong> 2007 the number of hotels in the valley decreased by 27%. The number of beds 

underwent an even stronger reduction (-35%). The only positive change was recorded in terms of beds 

in 2-star hotels, which increased by 8.5% (Table 72). 


61


Table 72 Change in hotel structure, 1999-2007 

Star Structures Beds 

1-star -20% -31.25% 

2-star -20% 8.51% 

3-star -100% -100% 

TOTAL -27.27% -35.11% 


Valle dei Mòcheni does not boast a large number of hotel structures. As a whole, there are 308 units, 

with 1,457 beds, which are mainly gathered in second homes (46%), private accommodation 

structures (29%), <strong>and</strong> holiday camps <strong>and</strong> camping (18%). The average dimension of non-hotel 

accommodation structures amounts to 4.7 beds per structure. Strong differences among different 

accommodation types are recorded as holiday camps <strong>and</strong> camping sites provide 44.2 beds each, 

refuges provide 26, whereas private accommodation, second homes <strong>and</strong> guest houses range from 3 to 

5 beds (Table 73). 

Table 73 Non-hotel sector. Year 2007 

Accommodation type N. Beds 

% Beds of 

the whole 

Average 

dimension 

Rent a room, holiday homes <strong>and</strong> 

apartments, B&B 

1 5 0% 5 

Camping sites 0 0 0% 0 

Refuges 2 53 4% 26.5 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 6 265 18% 44.2 

Holiday homes 0 0 0% 0 

Agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping 6 47 3% 7.8 

Private lodging 120 419 29% 3.5 

Second homes 173 668 46% 3.9 

Other types 0 0 0% 0 

AREA TOTAL 308 1457 100% 4,7 


Between 1999 <strong>and</strong> 2007 the number of non-hotel structures in the valley went up by 39%, whereas the 

number of beds increased by 51%. These data were surely influenced by the surge in rented rooms, 

holiday homes <strong>and</strong> apartments. B&Bs, camping sites, agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping (Table 75). 

Table 74 Changes in the non-hotel sector, 1999-2007 

Accommodation type Structure Beds 

Rent a room, holiday homes <strong>and</strong> apartments, B&B 100% 500% 

Camping, Agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping 200% 136% 

Other: 

Refuges 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 

Holiday homes 

Other types 

33% 113% 


62

Private lodgings 2% -2% 




The calculation of the rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities (7.12%) highlights that they 

are not used very much (Table 75). 

Table 75 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2007 


Presences 5592 38279 43871 

Beds 231 1457 1688 


accommodation capacity 

84,315 531,805 616,120 

Rate of use 6.63% 7.20% 7.12% 


Targets, products <strong>and</strong> markets 

Products 

The products offered by Valle dei Mòcheni are related to the natural <strong>and</strong> rural dimension of tourism 

<strong>and</strong> sport practice, which ranges from trekking to riding mountain bikes, skiing, walking with 

snowshoes, etc. 

As a matter of fact, the valley has been described as “The Enchanted Valley” for its typical, unspoilt 

environment. For this reason, the environment, pristine mountain l<strong>and</strong>scapes, mountain chalets <strong>and</strong> 

refuges in the area, together with the opportunity of doing sport activities in the open air (both during 

the summer <strong>and</strong> winter) are the main attractions of the territory. The valley’s touristic potential is 

good, but the quality of the offer as a whole needs to be effectively developed <strong>and</strong> improved. One step 

in such direction has been made with Valle dei Mòcheni’s Territorial Pact, which, among its goals, 

stresses the “potential of the whole territory”, <strong>and</strong> singles out actions aimed at reaching suitable 

quality st<strong>and</strong>ards for an up-to-date accommodation offer, which will have to be managed through 

forms of joint management <strong>and</strong> the construction of structures <strong>and</strong> facilities necessary for the 

achievement of the goals that have been set. Among the interventions that have been planned is the relaunch 

of spas, through the recovery of the spring in the Pegara mine in the Sant’Orsola Terme 

municipality 6 . 

Sant’Orsola’s thermal water is ferruginous <strong>and</strong> similar to that of Pergine’s spa. The thermal spring has 

always attracted a large number of tourists who have visited the valley to benefit from its healing 

qualities. The Hotel Terme used to greatly profit from this influx, as it was located close to the spring. 

However, in 2000 the business that was running the spring went bankrupt <strong>and</strong> spa tourism 

experienced a sudden stop, which caused the loss of numerous tourists. Today, the valley’s spring 

could be used for therapeutic purposes, but an organisation able to manage the spa is absent. The 

resource is there, but its potential is not exploited. The objective is to find an organisation which is 

able to manage spa tourism in Valle dei Mòcheni. However the scarcity of financial resources makes 

6 From Patto Territoriale Valle dei Mòcheni. Piano strategico di sviluppo. 


63

this project difficult to carry out. Before World War II the plan was to bring water to Pergine to bottle 

it, but war prevented the project from being implemented. 

Summarising, the valley’s touristic products are: 

� Holidays in mountain chalets: the “Progetto Baite”, i.e. mountain chalet project, refers to 

actions aiming to re-use heritage of great potential, i.e. the so-called baiti 7 , which can become 

important facilities for typical <strong>and</strong> quality accommodation. 

� Trekking: every village in the valley features numerous trekking paths, ranging from typical 

trekking in the woods to more dem<strong>and</strong>ing excursions to the Lagorai mountains. 

� Mountain biking <strong>and</strong> bicycle touring: there are many bicycle paths which are suitable 

especially for mountain bikes. 

� Winter sports: winter offers the opportunity of skiing at the Panarotta resort, trekking on 

snowshoes, ski touring, cross country skiing <strong>and</strong> ice skating. 

� Enogastronomy: countryside-related, milk, cheese, smoked meat, mushrooms, fruit dishes, 

traditional cuisine are provided. 

� Historic, cultural paths. It is possible to learn about the history <strong>and</strong> culture of the valley by 

visiting the three locations of the Bersntoler Museum: the mine-museum “Gruab va 

Hardimbl”, the “Filzerhof”, an ancient rural building that has been restored, <strong>and</strong> the “Mil”, an 

ancient watermill. In 2006 a “memorial path” was completed, recalling the clash between the 

Italian <strong>and</strong> Austrian armies in the years 1915-1917. 

� Events <strong>and</strong> festivals: numerous events are organised especially in the summer. Among them, 

the Bersntol Ring is worth mentioning. It is a tour that helps to discover the valley’s 

gastronomy, folklore, professions of the past <strong>and</strong> environment. 

Markets 

Valle dei Mòcheni predominantly attracts tourists coming from neighbouring regions <strong>and</strong> also Veneto. 

Foreign tourists account for only 4% of arrivals <strong>and</strong> 2% of presences, thus suggesting that the main 

catchment area is Italian. 

Targets 

Families <strong>and</strong> couples are Valle dei Mòcheni’s reference targets, if we consider typical mountain chalet 

holidays, while customer loyalty prevails in hotels, where customers are predominantly retired <strong>and</strong> 

elderly people. A small niche of tourists is represented by radical environmentalists, who find unspoilt 

l<strong>and</strong>scapes <strong>and</strong> environment in the valley. However, they are also often annoyed by daily touristic 

activities. 

In addition to this, with the accomplishment of the “mountain chalet project” the targeted customers 

that must be reached are: mountaineers, hikers, naturalists, health fanatics, curious <strong>and</strong> careful 

tourists, lovers of traditions, history <strong>and</strong> natural science scholars, anthropologists, but also walkers, 

orienteerers, bikers, lovers of summer <strong>and</strong> winter trekking, horse riders, alpine skiers, mountain sports 

7 This is a small rural construction, designed primarily to farm animals. Made up of small rooms on the ground 

floor for the animals <strong>and</strong> the second floor is the temporary residence for the farmers. 


64

enthusiasts, photographers, lovers of certain types of singing <strong>and</strong> music, visitors looking for pristine, 

genuine tourism. Customers can mainly be identified within precise motivational niches. Therefore, 

they can be reached with specific mailing lists. Customers will have very well defined motivations 

<strong>and</strong> want to enjoy what the territory offers. These offers must be developed adequately through 

services that are started in the valley <strong>and</strong> through operators’ qualified professionalism”8. Thus, these 

are the desired targets, together with families with children. They are considered to be suitable for the 

area’s touristic offer. 

Table 76 sums up the information about the area’s touristic characteristics. 

Table 76 The touristic sector 

Investigated area Item 

Dem<strong>and</strong> � 5961 arrivals <strong>and</strong> 46946 presences 

Hotel: 11% 

Non-hotel: 89% 

Predominat months: July <strong>and</strong> August 

Arrivals: +4.26% when compared to 1998 

Presences: +6.15% when compared to 1998 


Hotel: 4.8 


Offer � Hotel: 8 hotels with 231beds 

Number of hotels: -27% when compared to 1997 


Average dimension: 28.87 

� Non-hotel: 308 structures with 1,457 beds 

Structures: +39% when compared to 1997 

Beds: +51% when compared to 1997 


� Hotel use rate: 7.12 

Hotel: 6.63 

Targets, products <strong>and</strong> 

markets 


� Current targets: families <strong>and</strong> elderly people. 

Desired target: families with children, <strong>and</strong> tourists 

interested in nature <strong>and</strong> sports 

� Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market 

underdeveloped. 

� Current products: linked to the countryside, nature <strong>and</strong> sport; 

linked to a lesser extent to enogastronomy <strong>and</strong> culture. Not 

developed products. 


8 From Patto territoriale Valle dei Mòcheni. Piano Strategico di sviluppo. 


65


Touristic movement 

In 2008 arrivals in the Tesino-Vanoi area totalled 25,945, while presences amounted to 218562, 

equalling 0.56% <strong>and</strong> 0.74% of the province. 

Arrivals gathered in subsidiary accommodation types <strong>and</strong> second homes, while presences gathered 

especially in second homes, which together with private <strong>and</strong> subsidiary accommodation account for 

95% of the overall presences. 

Table 77 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in different accommodation types in 2008 

Accommodation type Arrivals Presences 

Hotels 14% 5% 

Alternative accommodation 38% 24% 

Private accommodation 21% 26% 


Total 100% 100% 


Over the last 10 years the trend has been mild <strong>and</strong> inconsistent, especially from 2002 onwards. As a 

whole, the increase has amounted to 2%. Such trend has especially involved subsidiary 

accommodation types (+16%) <strong>and</strong> private accommodation (+18%). In the case of hotels (+5%) it has 

been less significant whereas it has been negative for second homes (-21%). 

Figure 32 Arrivals in the Tesino-Vanoi area. 1998-2008 


With regard to presences over the last 10 years, unlike the trend of arrivals, a decrease (-27%) has 

been recorded, mainly due to the drop in presences of second houses (-36%), in hotels (-35%) <strong>and</strong> 

private accommodation (-28%). Other types of lodging facilities recorded a +3% increase. 


66

Figure 33 Presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area. 1998-2008 


If we consider the distribution on the territory, the municipality that has recorded the most presences 

is Canal San Bovo, followed by Castello Tesino <strong>and</strong> Pieve Tesino. 

Table 78 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences by municipality, year 2008 

Municipality Arrivals Presences 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 30% 33% 

Bieno (Tesino) 10% 11% 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 34% 28% 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 5% 8% 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 21% 19% 



If we consider the situation on a monthly basis, it seems clear that the Tesino-Vanoi area scores the 

best results mainly in the summer, whereas there is a slight increase in presences in the months of 

December <strong>and</strong> January in the period close to New Year’s Day. July <strong>and</strong> August, which record 21% of 

48% of the presences respectively, account for 69% of the presences in the whole year. 

Figure 34 Monthly presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Year 2008 


The average length of stay of tourists in the area has decreased in the last 10 years, shifting from 11.9 

nights to 8.4 in 2008. The data is even more important if we consider only the hotel sector, in which 


67

the decrease is more tangible, shifting from 4.7 to 2.9 nights (Table 22). The average stay in 

alternative types of accommodation is about twice as much as that of hotels. 

Accommodation 

type 

Table 79 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008 

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

Hotels 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.2 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.3 3.6 2.9 

Alternative 


6.2 5.6 6.0 6.5 8.1 5.7 7.6 5.1 5.6 6.2 5.5 

Private 


17.6 17.2 15.1 14.4 14.5 18.0 17.5 14.1 12.0 11.0 10.7 

Second homes 17.0 17.9 19.4 19.3 18.4 17.9 16.8 12.9 12.4 13.6 13.6 

Total 11.9 12.3 12.6 12.4 12.8 11.9 12.6 9.4 8.5 9.0 8.4 

The structure of the offer 

Hotel sector 


The Tesino-Vanoi area has a rather limited hotel sector. There are 14 hotels with 363 beds (Tabella 

23). It is possible to note that the offer in the area is strong in only two municipalities, Castello Tesino 

(48% of the whole offer of beds) <strong>and</strong> Canal San Bovo (45%), which can therefore be considered 

respectively as the hubs of Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi. The qualitative offer is addressed to the low market 

bracket <strong>and</strong> beds are proportionally distributed among one-, two-, <strong>and</strong> three-star hotels. 

Municipality 

Table 80 Hotel structure by municipality, year 2008 

1-star 2-stars 3-stars TOTAL 

N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds N. Beds 

Canal San Bovo (Vanoi) 4 79 2 59 1 26 7 164 

Bieno (Tesino) 0 0 1 25 0 0 1 25 

Castello Tesino (Tesino) 2 39 1 39 3 96 6 174 

Cinte Tesino (Tesino) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Pieve Tesino (Tesino) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

AREA TOTAL 6 118 4 123 4 122 14 363 


Hotels have small average dimensions, amounting to 25.9 beds each, on average 13 hotel rooms. 

Table 81 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2008 

Star Average dimension 

1-star 19.7 

2-star 30.8 

3-star 30.5 


68

TOTAL 25.9 


Over the last 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of hotels has decreased by 18%. Likewise, the 

number of beds has gone down by 20%. 


Table 82 Change in hotel structure, 1998-2008 

Star Structures Beds 

1-star -50% - 57% 

2-star 0% -14% 

3-star +300% +213% 

TOTAL -18% -20% 


Tesino-Vanoi is well-equipped in terms of non-hotel accommodation. Accommodation structures 

amount to 2,378, with 13,093 beds (Table 26). Beds are mainly concentrated in second homes <strong>and</strong> 

private lodgings, which account for 84% of the whole. Campsites <strong>and</strong> holiday camps account for the 

remaining 16%, while the number of beds in refuges <strong>and</strong> agritourisms is very low (Table 26). The 

average size of non-hotel structures equals 5.5 beds per facility, but there is a great discrepancy 

between campsites (322), refuges, holiday camps <strong>and</strong> holiday homes (between 30 <strong>and</strong> 40 beds) <strong>and</strong> 

private housing <strong>and</strong> second homes (5 beds per structure). 

Table 83 Non-hotel sector. Year 2008 

Accommodation type N. Beds 

% Beds of 

the whole 

Average 

dimension 

Rent a room, holiday homes, apartments, B&B 5 52 0.4% 10.4 

Camping sites 4 1,288 9.8% 322.0 

Refuges 2 62 0.5% 31.0 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 16 644 4.9% 40.3 

Holiday homes 2 60 0.5% 30.0 

Agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping 2 22 0.2% 11.0 

Private lodging 709 3,251 24.8% 4.6 

Second homes 1,638 7,714 58.9% 4.7 

Other types 0 0 0.0% 

AREA TOTAL 2,378 13,093 100.0% 5.5 


Over the past 10 years, from 1998 to 2008, the number of non-hotel accommodation structures 

increased by 25%, as well as beds, which increased by 22%. 


69

Table 84 Changes in the non-hotel sector, 1997-2007 

Accommodation type Structure Beds 

Rent a room, holiday homes <strong>and</strong> 

apartments, B&B 

400% 478% 

Camping, Agritourism <strong>and</strong> agricamping 100% 60% 

Other 

Refuges 

Holiday camps <strong>and</strong> caravans 

Holiday homes 

Other types 

-41% -37% 

Private lodgings 24% 15% 




Considering the rates of use of the accommodation facilities, it is notable that in terms of tourism they 

are greatly underutilised. The rate is calculated by dividing the presences by the theoretically 

maximum capacity of accommodation obtained by multiplying the number of beds for 365 days. 

Table 85 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2008 


Presences 10,914 207,648 218,562 

Beds 363 13.093 13,456 


accommodation capacity 

132,495 4,778,945 4,911,440 

Rate of use 8.2% 4.3% 4.5% 

Targets, products <strong>and</strong> markets 

Products 


The products that the Tesino-Vanoi can offer are mainly connected with nature <strong>and</strong> sport <strong>and</strong> range 

from holidays in mountain chalets, trekking, horse riding, mountain biking <strong>and</strong> bicycle touring, 

canyoning, golf, winter sport, fishing, hang gliding <strong>and</strong> paragliding. Phytotherapy <strong>and</strong> 

enograstronomy offers are also available. 

The close contact with nature is the basis for the area’s touristic offer, which has a low environmental 

impact <strong>and</strong> is an alternative to the mass tourism which characterises more successful mountain resorts. 

Furthermore, the products that are present in the area have are potentially attractive for active tourists. 

The Tesino-Vanoi has the potential to become successful as a modern mountain destination, in which 

the l<strong>and</strong>scape is not only a background, but also the key motivational aspect of the holiday, making 

the holiday more interesting, original <strong>and</strong> dynamic. 


70

Nevertheless, the level of the offer of such products is not very high. In fact, the area has begun a path 

of touristic development that has materialised with the Patto Territoriale del Tesino e del Vanoi, i.e. 

the area’s territorial pact, which however has not yet been able to find its own proper definition <strong>and</strong> 

reach a satisfying level of touristic attractiveness. 

If only the intrinsic characteristics of the product are considered, <strong>and</strong> not the problems related to 

networking, promotion <strong>and</strong> governance, which will be dealt with later on in this text, products appear 

to need qualitative improvement, also by adding ancillary services necessary to create a complete <strong>and</strong> 

satisfactory offer. 

The following is a brief description of tourism products: 

� Trekking. The presence of alpine trails (about one hundred miles of well kept, signposted 

trails, with varying degrees of difficulty; presence of high mountain areas but there are also 

lower areas, less difficult <strong>and</strong> which are more accessabile for families; 

� Mountain biking <strong>and</strong> cycling. Several proposed trails (five in Tesino <strong>and</strong> five in Vanoi) for a 

total of 270 km, which were designed to reach various places of rest stops, such as malghe 

<strong>and</strong> agritourisms. In addition to these routes, there are forest roads <strong>and</strong> trails that are well 

adapted to be used as bike paths. Finally, there is the possibility of hiring mountain bikes. 

� Trekking on horseback. Presence of a path of 120 km in Vanoi, which starts from Maso 

Paradisi <strong>and</strong> allows you to visit the mountain huts <strong>and</strong> shelters at high altitude. 5 different 

trips have been organised. Even in Tesino this sort of circuits have recently been completed. 

� Canyoning. Presence of the Vanoi river. It is possible to go down the river by paddle for a 

long stretch. Different canoe <strong>and</strong> kayak itineraries are proposed, which are divided by level of 

difficulty. In Tesino, presence of Forra del Grigno; 

� Golf. In Tesino, there is a 9-hole golf course, which also has a golf practice course; 

� Recreational fishing. Trout fishing in Tesino, but predominantly in Vanoi; 

� Winter sport. In Tesino on the Brocon passage, there are seven lifts for alpine ski slopes of 

medium / low difficulty. The Nordic skiing offer is slightly smaller (two rings of 

approximately 10 km) while the area is well-suited to ski touring <strong>and</strong> snowshoeing tours; 

� Hang gliding <strong>and</strong> paragliding. Sports proposed in the Vanoi area with 4 different types of 

flight; 

� Enogastronomic <strong>and</strong> phytotherapy proposals. Area rich in mushrooms <strong>and</strong> officinal herbs. 

Markets 

Tourists who visit the Tesino Vanoi come mainly from close-by regions, especially Veneto, 

Lombardy <strong>and</strong> Emilia Romagna. The foreign market is not developed very much. It mainly involves 

the German market <strong>and</strong> is addressed in particolar to those visitors who are accommodated in the 

recent campsite. 

Targets 

The current target is mainly represented by families or elderly people. It is still considered a 

medium/low target from the point of view of social <strong>and</strong> economic conditions. 


71

The desired target corresponds to that of an active tourist, who sees the mountains as a natural gym 

<strong>and</strong> at the same time loves relaxing in a peaceful environment which is able to offer him services that 

can help him fully enjoy the area. Therefore, the aimed target is not that of families or elderly people, 

who enjoy the l<strong>and</strong>scape in a more passive way for reasons connected with their conditions, but a 

dynamic audience retaining a certain spirit of adventure <strong>and</strong> a good degree of carefulness to the 

environment (dynamic tourism). We will stress that we do not want the current family-related target 

to be ab<strong>and</strong>oned, but increase the flow of tourists by focusing on the new target that has been singled 

out. This considered, it seems essential that the offer must be defined by following the typology of the 

experience that is looked for. The offer must also aim specific targets in a correct way. 

The table below summarises the information that has been presented about touristic characteristics. 

Table 86 The touristic sector 

Investigated area Item 

Dem<strong>and</strong> � Arrivals 25945 <strong>and</strong> presences 21,8562 

Hotel: 5% 

Non-hotel: 95% 

Predominant months: July <strong>and</strong> August 

Arrivals: + 2% when compared to 1998 

Presences: -27% when compared to 1998 


Hotel: 2.9 


Offer � Hotels: 14 hotels with 363 beds 

Number of hotels: -18% when compared to 1998 


Average dimension: 25.9 

� Non-hotel: 2,378 structures with 13,093 beds 

Structures: +25% when compared to 1998 

Beds: +22% when compared to1998 


� Accommodation use rate: 4.5 

Hotel: 8.2 


Target, products <strong>and</strong> 

markets 

� Current target: medium/low, famiglie <strong>and</strong> elderly people. 

Desired target: active eco-tourist 

� Market: domestic (bordering areas). Foreign market 

underdeveloped (German market predominant) 

� Current products: linked to the countryside, nature <strong>and</strong> 

sport; linked to a lesser extent to enogastronomy. Not 

developed. 



72

2.1.5. Tourism Resources Audit 


Description of the resources 

Natural attractions 

Valle del Chiese is rich in natural attractions which are still largely intact <strong>and</strong> with great development 

potential: 

� Adamello Brenta Natural Park, the largest protected area in Trentino, with a Park House in 

Val Daone; 

� The river in Valle del Chiese, with its mountain drainage basin <strong>and</strong> large dams; 

� Glacial groove, deeply carved by the river Chiese which flows down from the Adamello 

glaciers <strong>and</strong> dozens of streams come off it which mark the sides of mountains, <strong>and</strong> open many 

side valleys. From the valley some important peaks are reached, such as Dosso dei Morti 

(2183 mt), Re di Castello (2891 mt), Cop di Breguzzo (2997 mt) Carè Alto (3462 mt), Corno 

di Cavento (3402 mt) <strong>and</strong> Cima Cresta Croce (3307 mt) During the winter in the valley, this 

combination of mountains <strong>and</strong> flowing streams give shape to numerous ice waterfalls; 

� Val di Fumo: with its typical U-shape, it can be found located inside the Natural Park 

Adamello Brenta. The valley has a rich heritage of specimens of flora <strong>and</strong> fauna; 

� Plateau Boniprati: area 1160 metres above sea level, with a small characteristic swampy 

biotope; 

� Lake Roncone: it is skirted by a scenic road, on the adjacent fields a miniature golf course, a 

playground, several picnic <strong>and</strong> parking areas <strong>and</strong> wooden piers have been built; 

� Lake Idro; 

� Cima Tombea: situated in the range of mountains which stretch from Lake Garda <strong>and</strong> Lake 

Idro, modest in height, similar to that of the nearby mountains, but very interesting for its 

l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>and</strong> for its geological formation. It is known to botanists throughout Europe for its 

extraordinary concentration of endemic species of plants <strong>and</strong> flowers which still grow, having 

survived the last ice age; 

Table 87 The natural touristic resources 

Denomination Accessibility Volume of 

activities <strong>and</strong> rate 

Valle di Daone Good. Varying levels of 

difficulty for 

excursionists. 

Val di Fumo Good. Varying levels of 

difficulty for 

Altopiano di 

Boniprati 

excursionists. 

of use 

Medium/low. 

Medium/low. 

Good. Medium/low. 

Type of visitor 

Predominantly 

internal market 

Predominantly 


Predominantly 



73

Laghi 

Good. Medium. 

Internal <strong>and</strong> 

external market. 

Bacino del Chiese Good. Medium/low. Not available. 


Cultural Attractions 

Valle del Chiese still has traces of its defence line, which descends from the Adamello group <strong>and</strong> 

stretches horizontally in a succession of forts, trenches, barrier lines <strong>and</strong> mule tracks. Of the five forts 

which defended the Austro-Hungarian line <strong>and</strong> which formed the Lardaro barrier, only three remain: 

Forte Larino, Forte Corno <strong>and</strong> Forte Carriola. Forte Carriola has not undergone any restoration work, 

unlike the other two. These forts demonstrate the progressive evolution of construction techniques 

adopted by the Austrian military genius. Less evident traces, but not less significant, are gathered in 

the Great War Museum in Bersone, while a symbol of reconciliation among peoples is the Austro- 

Hungarian Monumental Cemetery, Bondo. The Path of Peace winds its way along the line the Italian- 

Austrian front in World War I. 

The past evidence which is linked to history <strong>and</strong> art revolves around the history of the powerful 

mediaeval house of the Lodron Family, whose richness <strong>and</strong> prestige are still demonstrated by Castel 

San Giovanni, Castel Romano, the residences of Palazzo Caffaro <strong>and</strong> Palazzo Bavaria. In the 

reminiscence of agricultural traditions a lot of importance is given to ancient arts <strong>and</strong> crafts, through 

the development of mountain huts, Casa Marsacalchi in Cimego (a museum of traditions), Bondo’s 

little museum of rural culture, the Rio Caino ethnographic path <strong>and</strong> the recovery of wood carving 

thanks to the school of Praso. 

Table 88 The cultural resources 

Denomination Accessibility Ownership <strong>and</strong> 

Management 

Forte Larino Good (scarce 

road signs) 

Forte Corno Good (scarce 

road signs) 

Forte Carriola 

Inaccessible 

Bersone World 

War I Museum 

Bondo 

Monumental 

Cemetery 

Castel San 

Giovanni 

Castel Romano 

Palazzo Caffaro 

Palazzo Bavaria 

Good 

Lardaro 

municipality 

Volume of 

activity <strong>and</strong> 

rate of use 

Medium 

Praso municipality Low 

Pieve di Bono 

municipality 

Bersone 

municipality 

Inaccessible 

Medium 

Good Bondo municipality Medium 

Accessible by 

foot along an 

easy dirt track. 

Good 

Bondone 

municipality 

Pieve di Bono 

municipality 

Low 

Medium 

Good Private Inaccessible 

Good Private Inaccessible 

Type of visitors 

Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 



74

Museum of 

popular 

traditions 

Rural 

civilisation 

Museum 

Events <strong>and</strong> festivals 

Good 

Cimego 

municipality 

Low 

Good Bono municipality Low 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


There are many events organised in Valle del Chiese, even though on the whole they are generally 

local events with few tourists present. The principle events mainly dedicated to tourists are: 

� Sounds of the Dolomites 

� IWC 

� Speed Rock 

� Alpine <strong>and</strong> cross country skiing <strong>and</strong> snowshoeing 

� mountain bike 9 hours 

Table 89 Tourism resources “shows <strong>and</strong> events” 

Denomination Period Organising 

Body 

Consorzio 

Turistico 

Sounds of the Dolomites Summer Valle del 

Chiese with 

Trentino Spa 

Comitato 

Iwc January 

End of 

pareti di 

cristallo 

Speed rock 

July, 

beginning 

of August 

Speed rock 

committee 

Cai, Sat, 

Ski Rally Winter various tourist 

offices 


Services <strong>and</strong> activities 

Number of 

Participants 



500/900 Italian Market 

4000 

Italian <strong>and</strong> Foreign 

Market 

2000 Italian Market 

On average 400 

participants per 

rally 

Italian Market 

The area of Valle del Chiese, in terms of sports facilities, has a rather poor infrastructure for indoor 

sports <strong>and</strong> leisure activities. There are also no ski lifts. 

The catering structure 

In the area there is a good number of traditional restaurants offering typical dishes from the region, 

such as polenta from Storo, Spressa from Roncone, speck from Valle del Chiese <strong>and</strong> brook trout. 

75

Strengths <strong>and</strong> Weaknesses of the Resources 

The strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses of the tourism resources are shared by all of the above resource types 

<strong>and</strong> can be summarised as follows. 

Strengths: 

� presence of areas of high environmental value, of protected areas <strong>and</strong> areas with little 

anthropisation; 

� the opportunity to do many – more <strong>and</strong> less physically dem<strong>and</strong>ing - activities in contact with 

nature; 

� Distinctive gastronomic offer <strong>and</strong> presence of typical produce; 

� Presence of an interesting, complementary cultural offer (for example the Great War History 

Itinerary); 

� accessibility, strategic position between the Lombardy region <strong>and</strong> Trentino <strong>and</strong> closeness to 

the main neighbouring cities (the province of Brescia, Verona, Bergamo <strong>and</strong> Milan); 

Bergamo <strong>and</strong> Verona airports are less than 200 km away; 

� Central position in respect to the three touristic areas already well established nationally <strong>and</strong> 

internationally (Alto Adige, Val Rendena, Garda area); 

Weaknesses: 

� inadequate exploitation of touristic resources; 

� Few public (road) signs indicating where places of historical, cultural, artistic, naturalistic 

interest are located; 

� Afforestation of the low lying area, not exploited from the point of view of tourism; 

� Scarce winter tourism offer; 

� Weak culture of hospitality <strong>and</strong> tourism in general; 

� Low level of deseasonalisation; 

� Weakness of the accommodation offer, in terms of quality <strong>and</strong> capacity; 

� Prevalence of target with limited spending power. 

The following table summarizes the above points, <strong>and</strong> completes the SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of the resources, 

detailing the main opportunities <strong>and</strong> threats that could occur from the exploitation of these resources. 

Table 90 SWOT anaylsis of the main resources 

Strengths Weaknesses 


76

� presence of areas of high environmental value, 

of protected areas <strong>and</strong> areas with little 


� the opportunity to do many – more <strong>and</strong> less 

physically dem<strong>and</strong>ing - activities in contact 

with nature; 

� distinct gastronomic offer with presence of 

local produce; 

� interesting complementary cultural offer (e.g. 

World War I Itinerary); 

� good accessibility, strategic position between 

Lombardy <strong>and</strong> Trentino <strong>and</strong> closeness to the 

main neighbouring cities (Province of Brescia, 

Verona, Bergamo <strong>and</strong> Milan); Bergamo <strong>and</strong> 

Verona airports less than 200 km away; 

� Central position in respect to the other three 

tourist areas already established nationally <strong>and</strong> 

internationally (Alto Adige, Val Rendena, 

Garda area) 

� inadequate exploitation of tourism 

resources; 

� few road signs indicating where the 

places of historical, cultural, artistic, 

naturalistic interest are located; 

� afforestation of the low lying area, 

not exploiting it from the point of 

view of tourism; 

� scarce winter tourism; 

� weak culture of hospitality <strong>and</strong> 

tourism in general; 

� weakness of the receptive offer, in 

terms of quality <strong>and</strong> capacity; 

� prevalence of target with limited 

spending power. 

Opportunity Threat 

� Sharp increase in the request nationally <strong>and</strong> 

internationally for ecotourism; 

� Increase in interest in soft sports <strong>and</strong> nature 

activities. 


� Negative environmental <strong>and</strong> social 

effects. 


77




Valle dei Mòcheni is rich in natural attractions, left unspoilt by tourism exploitation. The area 

features: 

� Unspoilt natural environment; 

� A “hostile” but authentic mountain, in which the mountain range Lagorai is the protagonist. 

The valley is situated close to the Valsugana, the most western entrance to the chain. 

� The presence of numerous streams, waterfalls, mountain lakes, including the famous Lake 

Erdemolo, situated between the mountains Pizzo Alto <strong>and</strong> Monte del Lago, Cima di Cave <strong>and</strong> 

Sopra Cornella. 

� Forests <strong>and</strong> woods. 

Another tourist attraction in the valley is that of hot springs, even though presently they are only a 

potential tourist attraction, as both the curative activity <strong>and</strong> its associated hotel have been suspended. 

In the past, however, the Baths of St. Ursula had conquered their own space in the thermal scene of 

Trento, leading many to come to the area to be treated <strong>and</strong> bringing with them as many tourists. 

Possible revival of the spas would certainly be important in the process of repositioning the entire 

touristic offer of the Enchanting Valley. 

Denomination Accessability 

Mountains 

Streams, waterfalls 

<strong>and</strong> lakes 

Table 91 Natural touristic resources 

Good. Presence of 

different levels of 

difficulty 

Volume of activity 

<strong>and</strong> level of use 

Medium/low 

Good Medium/low 

Type of Visitor 

Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Thermal baths Only potential Absent Unavailable 

Cultural Attractions 


In addition to natural attractions, the Valle dei Mòcheni also offers several cultural attractions that 

recall the tradition <strong>and</strong> folklore of the population Mócheno. 

The institute Mòcheno can be regarded as the center of culture <strong>and</strong> history of the people of the valley. 

Among the institute's initiatives to remember, are the opening of the old mine Grua va Hardömbl <strong>and</strong> 

guided tours <strong>and</strong> recovery of the farm Filzerhof. 

The farm-museum Filzerhof is the place where the traditions <strong>and</strong> culture of the Mòcheni people are 

kept. It originates from the colonization of the left bank <strong>and</strong> the upper part of Valle del Fersina with 


78

the arrival of German-speaking emigrants. The feudal lords of that time conceded to householders, on 

average, 20 hectares of l<strong>and</strong> of which they had to till the soil <strong>and</strong> then could build their own home. 

The housing <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> granted formed villages in the steep high areas (between 800 <strong>and</strong> 1400 meters). 

Above this altitude the mountain remained, <strong>and</strong> still is to this day, collectively owned. 

Filzerhof farm dates back to 1400. The rural-residential complex Filzerhof was acquired by the 

Culture Institute because of its great ethnographic interest, <strong>and</strong> its restoration work has taken place, 

using knowledge <strong>and</strong> traditional techniques of work. In 1998, once the first phase of restoration was 

finished <strong>and</strong> some rooms made were made available, the farm was partly opened to the public. 

Since prehistoric times, Valle dei Mòcheni has been known for its mineral deposits <strong>and</strong> for its related 

fusion. The former mine "Grua va Hardömbl", worked on as early as 1500, offers the chance to go 

inside <strong>and</strong> see the great work that man (with different techniques) has achieved. 

Work tools <strong>and</strong> equipment, original artefacts, minerals <strong>and</strong> other items take the mind back in time, to 

the past or the present. The mine is spread over three levels, one of which is flooded. It is so well 

preserved that it almost seems “alive”. The mine is situated about 5km from the centre of Palù, <strong>and</strong> is 

located near the path that leads to Lake Erdemolo, at a height of 1700 metres. There are guided tours 

of up to a maximum of 12 people. 

Another interesting structure is the old restored water-mill. Milling of grain required special facilities: 

thus in the area there were numerous mills. In establishing the museum in Valle dei Mòcheni, the 

Institute of Culture purchased <strong>and</strong> restored an old mill from Roveda, fed by the water of the stream 

Rio Rigolor. Strategically located near the path which leads to Falesina, the mill can be visited from 

April to early November. Further up stream cereal crops are cultivated. 

Opened on November 15 2009, Pietra Viva Mineral Museum is another important cultural attraction. 

Among the structures to remember there is also the archaeological site, Acqua Fredda, situated on the 

Redebus Pass (1440 metres), which connects the plateau of Pine to Valle dei Mòcheni. It is one of the 

most important foundries of the late prehistoric Bronze Age in Europe. 9 smelters, <strong>and</strong> other 

instruments which work copper ore, such as grinding stones, have been found at the site. 

Denomination Accessibility 

Filzerhof farmmuseum 

Grua va 

Hardömbl Mine 

Table 92 Cultural touristic resources 

Owner <strong>and</strong> 

management 

Good Kulturinstitut 

Good Kulturinstitut 

Antique mill Good Kulturinstitut 

Pietra Viva 

Museum 

Acqua Fredda 

Archeological site 

Good 

Good 

–Pre-historic foundry 

Redebus Pass 


Volume of 


level of use 

Information 

unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 

Type of 

visitor 


Predominantly 

domestic market 

Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


Predominantly 


79


All the events <strong>and</strong> festivals assume the role of recovering the identity <strong>and</strong> cultural heritage of Valle 

dei Mòcheni, which would have been otherwise lost. 

The main events in the summer are: 

� The village feast; 

� The Bersntol Ring, a journey of discovery, by foot or mountain bike, of the area’s 

environment, gastronomy, folklore <strong>and</strong> ancient crafts. Along the way there are many areas 

with food st<strong>and</strong>s offering local specialities, st<strong>and</strong>s with photos <strong>and</strong> maps illustrating the 

history of the valley, corners with artists, musicians <strong>and</strong> craftsman. 

In the winter there is however to remember: 

� The star song, which occurs between New Year’s Eve <strong>and</strong> the Epiphany, is a ritual 

commemorating the three kings’ announcement of the birth of Jesus. The procession covers 

the whole of the area. A group of singers accompanied by some conscripts brings a bright star 

from one farm to another, stopping in front of every home to perform the antique songs. 

� Carnival, whereby the rebirth of nature is celebrated, <strong>and</strong> masked performers sow “seeds” of 

well being <strong>and</strong> prosperity on the doorstep of every house. 

� The Binter Bersntol Ring, a journey of discovery of the local cuisine, the territory, the 

traditions <strong>and</strong> culture. It is similar to the summer event. 

Both the summer <strong>and</strong> the winter events <strong>and</strong> festivals, mainly attract locals rather than tourists. 

Denomination Period 

Village festival All year 

Bersntol Ring August 

Canto della Stella 

Table 93 The touristic resources “events <strong>and</strong> festivals” 

31 

December 

<strong>and</strong> 

January 6 th 

Organizing 

Body 

Local 

Organising 

Comittee 

Local 

Organising 

Comittee 

Local 

Organising 

Comittee 

Carneval Febuary 

Organising 

committee 

Local 

Binter Bersntol Ring Febuary Organizing 

Comittee 


Number of 

participants 


unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 


unavailable 



Residents <strong>and</strong> Italian 

Market 


Market 


Market 


Market 


Market 

80

Services <strong>and</strong> activities 

Throughout the entire valley the main facilities are for the residents: schools <strong>and</strong> nurseries, libraries, 

medical <strong>and</strong> social care, pharmacies. 

Sport facilities are very scarce. The only facilities are two gyms <strong>and</strong> a football field. 

The Territorial Pact for Valle dei Mòcheni provides, among its primary objectives, the construction of 

some facilities <strong>and</strong> of minimal services in order to enhance the st<strong>and</strong>ard of living of the residents <strong>and</strong> 

the present tourists. 


The valley offers 8 hotels situated in the area in the four municipalities. There are 3 restaurants, one of 

which is only open on Friday evenings, Saturdays <strong>and</strong> Sundays by appointment <strong>and</strong> five agritourisms. 

Strengths <strong>and</strong> Weaknesses of the Resources 

The SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> can be used at the same time for all of the resources in Valle dei Mòcheni. 

In particular, the strengths can be summarised as follows: 

� Beautiful <strong>and</strong> unspoilt natural environment; 

� The opportunity to do sport <strong>and</strong> outdoor activities ; 

� Presence of a strong cultural identity; 

� The players’ strong motivation to work with the project “Vacanze in Baita” (holidays in 

mountain chalets). 

Weaknesses: 

� Inadequate use of the resources present; 

� Poor professionalism of the operators; 

� Weak hospitality culture; 

� Absence of territorial synergies; 

� Touristic offer is unstructured <strong>and</strong> of poor quality; 

� Lack of services <strong>and</strong> infrastructure; 

� Lack of itinerary signs. 


81

Table 94 summarises the strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses of the resources, detailing the main opportunities 

<strong>and</strong> threats that could occur from the exploitation of these resources. 

Table 94 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of the touristic resources 


� Beautiful <strong>and</strong> unspoilt natural � Inadequate use of the resources present; 

environment; 

� Poor professionalism of the operators; 

� The opportunity to do outdoor sport; � Weak hospitality culture; 

� Presence of a strong cultural identity; � Absence of territorial synergies; 

� The operators’ strong motivation to work � Touristic offer is unstructured <strong>and</strong> of 

with the project “Vacanze in Baita” 

poor quality; 

� Cultivation of small fruit 

� Lack of services <strong>and</strong> infrastructure; 

� Lack of itinery signs. 


� Increase in the dem<strong>and</strong> for eco-tourism. � Negative social <strong>and</strong> environmental 

situations coming from the outside 

Territory 3: Tesino – Vanoi 



The Tesino.Vanoi area is rich in environmental attractions, which have not been touched by touristic 

exploitation. As a matter of fact, the area can feature: 

� The Lagorai mountain chain, Trentino’s most pristine natural sightseeing, which stretches 

from Passo Manghen to Passo Rolle for 35 km. One portion of the area is part of the natural 

park Paneveggio – Pale di San Martino; 

� The Cime d’Asta massif; 

� The Folga, Arzon <strong>and</strong> Scaniol massif, Lagorai’s extension; 

� The Totoga <strong>and</strong> Col della Remitta mountains, which feature numerous caves; 

� Numerous streams, waterfalls <strong>and</strong> lakes; 

� River park in Tesino, potential park in Vanoi; 

� Paths of botanical interest; 

� Paths of naturalistic interest; 

� Bogs; 

� Cliffs; 

� Grottoes; 

� Woodl<strong>and</strong>. 


82

Categorisation Accessibility 

Mountain 

Table 95 Natural touristic resources 



difficulty 

Volume of acitvity 

<strong>and</strong> rate of use 

Not available data 


Mainly domestic 

market 

Archaeological 

finds 

Good Medium/low 


market 

Castello Tesino 

grottoes 

Good Medium/ growing 


market 

Bridle path Good Medium/low Not available 

Alta via del Granito 

footpath 

Good. Medium/high Not available 

Water 



difficulty 

Medium/low 


market 

Fonte: eTourism 

The cultural attractions 

The area features numerous cultural resources, such as important museums (Ecomuseo del Vanoi, 

Museo della Gr<strong>and</strong>e Guerra, Museo arti e mestieri) <strong>and</strong> a significant ethnographic path in Vanoi, 

along which the tourist centre Prà de Madego lies, which is not only an information font but also a 

didactic laboratory. 

There are also, especially in Tesino, numerous churches <strong>and</strong> some archaelogy <strong>and</strong> palaeontology sites. 

The area is crossed by the via Claudia-Augusta, the Roman military road. 

Categorisation Accessibility 

Ethnographic 

path 

Centro visitatori 

Prà de Madego 

Via Claudia- 

Augusta 

Museo della 

Gr<strong>and</strong>e Guerra 

Museo arti e 

mestieri 

Archaeological 

sites 

Table 96 Cultural tourism resources 

Ownership <strong>and</strong> 

management 

Good Ecomuseo del Vanoi 

Volume of 

activity <strong>and</strong> rate 

of use 

Low (about 1000 

visitators per year) 

Good Ecomuseo del Vanoi Not available 

Good. Presence 

of different 

levels of 

difficulty 

Different 

regions/countries’ 

joint management 

Not available 

Good Alpini Caoria Group Not available 

Good Alpini Caoria Group Medium/low 

Good Municipalities Medium/low 



Type of 

visitors 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

Mainly 

domestic 

market 

83


Numerous events are organised in the Tesino Vanoi area, although the majority is mainly local with a 

low degree of touristic attractiveness. Among the most relevant toursitic events are: 

� Biagio delle Castellere, a commemoration in historical costume; 

� Meeting del Lagorai, for mountain <strong>and</strong> alpine ski lovers; 

� Trofeo Battisti e Vesco, an alpine ski International competition; 

� Bike Trophy, week-end dedicated to mountain biking lovers; 

� Lagorai, natura in Libertà, summer <strong>and</strong> winter offers for tourists which plan different 

activities, such as meetings with mountain, astronomy, mycology experts, trekking, days 

dedicated to local traditions; 

� Natura a cavallo (horse riding in nature) national gathering; 

� Italian Union of Amateur Astronomers National conference. 

Categorisation Period 

Biagio delle Castellere February 

Meeting del Lagorai 

Table 97 The “Events <strong>and</strong> festivals” touristic resources 

First 

Sunday of 

March 

Trofeo Battisti e Vesco February 

Bike Trophy July 

Lagorai, natura in Libertà 

Natura a cavallo national 

gathering 

Services <strong>and</strong> Activity 

All year 

round 

Summer 

Organising 

Institution 

Local 

Organising 

Committee 

Number of 

participants 

Not available 

Sat Not available 

Organising 

Committee 

Lagorai bike 

sporting club 




market 

Mountain <strong>and</strong> alpine 

ski lovers 

Not available Alpine ski lovers 

Not available 

Tourist Board Not available 

Natura a 

Cavallo 

association 


Mountain biking 

lovers 

Different types of 

visitors 

Not available Horse riding lovers 

In terms of sports, the Tesino Vanoi area features good facilities for skating, tennis, football, golf, 

swimming. 

With regard to ski lifts, they are located at the Brocon Pass. They are considered to be vital for the 

area’s touristic winter offer. As their target, they mainly address <strong>and</strong> suit families. 


A large number of typical restaurants is present in the area. They offer meals which follow the area’s 

traditions, even though the number of restaurants could be increate <strong>and</strong> more attention could be given 

84

to typical products, among which the role of mushrooms is pivotal. As a consequence the area is 

embarking on a process to obtain PDO certifications for its cep mushrooms. 

The table below summarises the resources that exist in the area. 

Figure 35 Existing resources census 


85

Source: Piano di Marketing Turistico per le Iniziative del Patto Territoriale del Tesino e del Vanoi 

Strengths <strong>and</strong> Weaknesses of the resources 

The strengths <strong>and</strong> weaknesses of the touristic resources are quite common to all kinds of resources 

that were mentioned before. They can be summarised as follows. 

Strengths: 

� Presence of areas of high environmental value, protected areas <strong>and</strong> areas presenting low 


� Opportunity to practise numerous activities of both physically dem<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> softer types, 

while being surrounded by nature; 

� Presence of ski lifts which are suitable for families of tourists; 

� Presence of significant museums which convey the local culture; 

� Presence of typical products <strong>and</strong> local traditions; 

� Presence of highly attractive events, though related to a close-by market. 

� Weaknesses: 


86

� Insufficient development of touristic resources; 

� Not too high quality of the products that are offered; 

� Lack of services supporting resources <strong>and</strong> allowing to create a product that can attract <strong>and</strong> be 

used; 

� Weak entrepreneurial spirit aiming at improving the resources; 

� Weak welcoming culture <strong>and</strong> touristic culture in general; 

� Low degree of deseasonalisation; 

� Prevalence of targets with low spending power; 

Table 33 summarises what has been said <strong>and</strong> completes the SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of resources. It suggests 

the main advantages <strong>and</strong> threats that might be caused by the development of these resources. 

Table 98 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of the main touristic resources 


� Presence of areas of high environmental 

value, protected areas <strong>and</strong> areas 

presenting low anthropisation; 

� Opportunity to practise numerous 

activities of both physically dem<strong>and</strong>ing 

<strong>and</strong> softer types, while being surrounded 

by nature; 

� Presence of significant museums which 

convey the local culture; 

� Presence of typical products <strong>and</strong> local 

traditions; 

� Presence of highly attractive events, 

though related to a close-by market. 

� Insufficient development of touristic 

resources; 

� Not too high quality of the products that 

are offered; 

� Lack of services supporting resources; 

� Weak entrepreneurial spirit aiming at 

improving the resources; 

� Weak welcoming culture <strong>and</strong> touristic 

culture in general; 

� Low degree of deseasonalisation; 

� Prevalence of targets with low spending 

power; 


� Strong increase of national <strong>and</strong> 

international naturalistic tourism dem<strong>and</strong>; 

� Growing interest in soft sports activities 

in contact with nature. 


� Negative influences from the 

environmental <strong>and</strong> social st<strong>and</strong>points. 


87

2.1.6. Analysis of the governance system 


Structure <strong>and</strong> characteristics of the territorial body <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> of 

decision-making processes in the area 

The Consorzio Turistico Valle del Chiese, i.e. Valle del Chiese’s Tourism Consortium is the proposed 

body to carry out activities of promotion <strong>and</strong> tourism marketing, information <strong>and</strong> supply of services 

for the arrangement of reception in the area. In close synergy with Valle del Chiese’s Eco-Museum, it 

designs <strong>and</strong> produces events aimed at the promotion of the natural, historical <strong>and</strong> cultural territory in 

which it operates. Legally it is an association of social promotion, non-profit, according to the 

Provincial Law 8 / 1992 c. m. from the Provincial Law1/2002, with Registered Office in Lardaro, 

Province of Trento, Via Brescia, 62 <strong>and</strong> Head Office in Lodrone, province of Trento, Via XXIV 

Maggio, 115. 

The aims that the Consorzio proposes are: 

Figure 36 The logo of Valle del Chiese 

� Promote <strong>and</strong> increase the touristic development in Valle del Chiese; 

� Ensure promotion, propag<strong>and</strong>a <strong>and</strong> advertising of Valle del Chiese, increase the knowledge 

<strong>and</strong> appreciation of the area <strong>and</strong> its l<strong>and</strong>scape, artistic, historical <strong>and</strong> cultural heritage; 

� Perform statistic surveys on the touristic movement; 

� Guarantee to give support, coordination, administrative, accounting <strong>and</strong> fiscal assistance to 

the parties involved in the Consortium of the Pro Loco – i.e. the Tourist Office - Association; 

� Coordinate <strong>and</strong> rationalise the initiatives promoted by the Consortium of Pro Loco 

Association; 

� Establish Tourist Information Offices; 

� Collaborate with the Pro Loco, the tour operators, public <strong>and</strong> private bodies in order to exploit 

the territories belonging to the Consortium <strong>and</strong> to allow for coordinated development; 

� Carry out, in an ancillary <strong>and</strong> subsidiary manner, the business of selling <strong>and</strong> brokering 

package tours, as defined by provincial legislation on tourism, after appropriate authorisation 

by the province; 


88

� Promote <strong>and</strong> implement activities <strong>and</strong> events connected to tourism <strong>and</strong> contribute financially 

to initiatives aiming at the creation of a tourism infrastructure; 

� Collaborate with other consortia or organizations for a better performance of tasks. 

The ordinary members of the Consortium are: the Association Pro Loco of Bersone, Bondo, Bondone 

– Baitoni, Brione, Castel Condino, Cimego, Condino, Daone, Darzo, Lardaro, Lodrone, Pieve Di 

Bono, Praso, Prezzo, Roncone, Storo; the Municipalities of Valle del Chiese: Bersone, Bondo, 

Bondone, Brione, Castel Condino, Cimego, Condino, Daone, Lardaro, Pieve Di Bono, Praso, Prezzo, 

Roncone, Storo; the economic categories that are interested in tourism are: UNAT, ASAT operating 

in the sphere of competence of the Consortium. 

Noted below are the macro-areas in which the Valle del Chiese Tourist Consortium operates: 

� INFORMATION POINTS: Continuous updates (informative material, flyers, posters, etc.), 

Information requests (shipped via: priority mail, email, telephone, use of CRM), warehouse 

management (loading <strong>and</strong> unloading), packing folders/bags, creating posters <strong>and</strong> flyers for 

various groups <strong>and</strong> associations, peripheral, seasonal offices (training of personnel assigned, 

supplying of equipment <strong>and</strong> ongoing review); 

� PUBLISHING: Events calendar (summer – winter) – Tariff promotion deals – snow, the 

production of sheets of data, data collection, printing, distribution, publication listing on the 

internet; 

� ACCOMMODATION OPERATORS: regular meetings to present the activities of the 

Consortium, programming of the shared activity; 

� WEB www.valledelchiese.tn.it (updated continuously, translations, newsletters, blogs…), 

development <strong>and</strong> presence in search engines, visibility, www.visittrentino.it (promomarketing 

on-line, bulletin tracks…), Road of Wine <strong>and</strong> Flavours - “Strada del Vino e dei 

Sapori”. 

� SYSTEM FOR GATHERING STATISTICAL DATA: recognition <strong>and</strong> data entry of hotel 

<strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodation facilities, check <strong>and</strong> consolidation, <strong>analysis</strong> <strong>and</strong> elaboration of 

statistics. 

� STRATEGIC PLANNING AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: creation of activities, 

communication plan <strong>and</strong> shared image, design <strong>and</strong> implementation of editorial material, 

advertising, web, releases, promotions <strong>and</strong> marketing through multiple channels, direct 

operational management, monitoring, surveys, activity reports. 

� APARTAMENTS AND CLUBS: survey <strong>and</strong> storage of cataloguing files, directly controlled 

verification of veracity of data, production of paper material, diffusion 

� PROMOTIONAL RELEASES USCITE PROMOZIONALI fairs, festivals, workshops, 

shopping centres, identifying priority, basis, niche markets, ways to participate, preparation 

within the company, design <strong>and</strong> construction of st<strong>and</strong>, preparation of promotional material, 

communicate the presence, the commercial phase , post release (briefing verification, follow 

up of contacts…); 

� TRENTINO TOURIST BOARD FEDERATION PRO LOCO AND TOURISM 

CONSORTIUMS: coordinating promotional activities ‘”Places of Trentino to discover”; 


89

� PRO LOCO ASSOCIATION: coordinating of pro loco drawing up the calendar dates of 

initiatives <strong>and</strong> animation in the area; HACCP <strong>and</strong> hygiene protocol during parties in which 

food <strong>and</strong> beverages are distributed. 

� SPORT EVENTS IN THE AREA international events: Iwc, Speed Rock, Boulder, etc.( 

Promotion, general coordination, printing, advertising) National events: ski <strong>and</strong> cross-country 

ski rallies, mountain bike 9 hours (programming, production of paper material, managing 

subscriptions); 

� PRESS AND DEVELOPMENT OFFICE Continuous contact with the press, relations with 

the local press, producing press releases; 

� SPECIAL PROJECTS cycling <strong>and</strong> mountain biking, trip to Adamello, world chess, 

synergies with neighbouring territories, projects with the Natural Adamello Brenta Park. 

Presently, the Tourism Consortium’s actions <strong>and</strong> projects are financed by public revenue, principally 

by the Tourism Service from the autonomous province of Trento; fundraising through different 

channels is also expected. 

The categories <strong>and</strong> the players most involved in the decision-making are the Consorzio dei Comuni 

BIM del Chiese, the Eco-museum of Valle del Chiese, the Cooperative Iniziative&Sviluppo 

(Initiatives <strong>and</strong> Development), the valley municipalities, the Association Pro Loco <strong>and</strong> other 

voluntary organisations, the operators associations , the lending institutions <strong>and</strong> private sponsors (e.g. 

Assicurazioni Generali, Maurizio Sport, etc.). 

Collaboration among players <strong>and</strong> existence of a touristic culture <strong>and</strong> 

vocation to quality 

The local players revealed that collaboration among the players <strong>and</strong> the existence of a tourism culture 

are the two weak areas. People who were interviewed confirmed that collaboration between the 

players is sporadic <strong>and</strong> limited to certain categories, while in other cases marginal. 

In order to decide the area’s development, tables for the exchange of ideas (both for the Project 

Leader <strong>and</strong> the Territorial Pact) were set up, but the private groups did not participate very much. 

Farmers are often excluded from these meetings because, according to the interviewees, agriculture is 

not considered a distinctive feature of the valley. The BIM (Bacino Imbrifero Montano, an area 

marked by mountains which define a watershed) Consortium, on the other h<strong>and</strong>, is a very important 

player because it represents the entire valley <strong>and</strong> has large financial resources available. The 

collaboration amid local players is scarce; locals who produced local products were invited to work 

together but with little success. It was noted that among the producers there is an overwhelming 

individualistic attitude, for example among the flour, milk <strong>and</strong> cheese producers <strong>and</strong> also in the hotel 

sector. 

Private individuals have shown a fairly good desire for innovation <strong>and</strong> investment, particularly with 

regard to prolonging the season. However, in the lower part of the valley where there has been little 

touristic development, there is little hospitality culture. Since the meetings between the local mayors 

<strong>and</strong> those participating in tables for the exchange of ideas were set up, the level of collaboration has 

increased. 


90

Touristic development projects in the area 

Valle del Chiese is <strong>and</strong> has been the subject of numerous tourism development projects, but often the 

projects failed to get off the ground, or did not receive visibility for various different reasons. The 

following are the major tourism development projects which were carried on within the Project 

Leader <strong>and</strong> the Territorial Pact but not only: 

� the European Project, “Listen to the Voice of Villages”, which aims to promote tourism in 

marginal rural areas, with a view to enhancing their wealth, competiveness <strong>and</strong> attractiveness. 

� “Progetto Baite” (“mountain chalets project”) under the control of the Autonomous Province 

of Trento, which has as its objective the recovery of rural buildings for tourism purposes. It 

intends to carry this out through the use of technology <strong>and</strong> the emergence of a new product 

for sustainable, medium/high level tourism, well integrated in the environment <strong>and</strong> 

competitive with similar products <strong>and</strong> simultaneously enhancing the potential technology, 

energy innovation <strong>and</strong> environment of the Trentino district. 

� Initiatives on the part of the Valle del Chiese Consortium: 

� Identifying <strong>and</strong> defining a series of elements which help to identify the valley <strong>and</strong> the Tourist 

Office that represent it (Territorial Corporate Identity).The development of a well defined 

<strong>and</strong> coherent corporate involves some essential elements: 

• Multi-annual programming, which includes at least three years of activity; 

• the creation <strong>and</strong> consolidation of a dynamic network among stakeholders in 

the world of tourism, coordinated by a single directive organ, shared <strong>and</strong> 

recognised by all, which guarantees optimisation of time, consistency <strong>and</strong> 

resources, <strong>and</strong> coherence <strong>and</strong> effectiveness in carrying out plans. 

• the assertion of a corporate identity, successful <strong>and</strong> coherent in passing 

through a series of elements <strong>and</strong> actions which involve different fields of 

intervention: 

• New headquarters for the Touristic Consortium: in a unique <strong>and</strong> strategic 

position, located in Pieve di Bono, in the centre of the valley, near the main 

roads. We are certain that the merger of the two existing tourist offices 

(Lardaro <strong>and</strong> Lodrone) into one single location will optimise labour <strong>and</strong> 

human resources. However, the opening of peripheral Tourist Information 

Offices coordinated <strong>and</strong> supported by the central headquarters will be 

guaranteed. 

• Uniform <strong>and</strong> coherent br<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> graphics of promotional material (one guide, 

digital postcard....); the new campaign’s distinctive slogan is: ‘The Journey of 

Emotions’ where every destination is not your arrival but your departure. 

These are the nuances that Valle del Chiese has to offer: unknown 

destinations, traditional destinations, sport destinations, gastronomic 

destinations... A symbol of Valle del Chiese’s tourism is the image of a 

young child, who goes on a journey (testimony to tourism adapted for 

families). The young child represents the symbol of ingenuity <strong>and</strong> 

spontaneity, symbolising those who go on holiday <strong>and</strong> experience their 

emotions with awe <strong>and</strong> look at things as though seeing them for the first 


91

time. The graphic design of the material published is produced with a neutral 

“recycled” tint in order to show respect for the environment. These technical 

characteristics will be applied to all informative <strong>and</strong> institutional instruments 

of Valle del Chiese. 

• Identification of a series of actions which help visitors <strong>and</strong> locals to clearly 

recognise the Valley’s characteristic elements. 

� Following the Project Leader <strong>and</strong> the Territorial Pact, renovation of many public buildings, 

such as restaurants <strong>and</strong> bars; 

� Initiative linked to the baths of hay in particular in Roncone, where research carried out by the 

university of Pavia has certified that that type of hay has therapeutic properties. Acceptance 

from the Ministry is currently being expected. 

It also seems important to point out that the Territorial Pact employed in Valle del Chiese can also be 

inserted in the new provincial programming instruments. This instrument, based on the principle of 

subsidiarity, is an agreement aimed at bringing public <strong>and</strong> private players from a given area together 

in order to put together shared concrete projects <strong>and</strong> services. The pact has brought some 

improvements in infrastructure, but it has not been the mainspring to revive tourism in the area. This 

has mainly been due to problems related to management issues <strong>and</strong> services. 


Structure <strong>and</strong> characteristcs of the territorial body <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> of decisonmaking 

processes in the area 

The <strong>analysis</strong> of the governance of Valle dei Mòcheni brought to light the lack of structures able to 

manage the touristic policy in the area. The Consortium of the Pro Loco of Valle dei Mòcheni is the 

body which manages the organization of events in the valley, bringing together the Tourist Offices of 

Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palú del Fersina <strong>and</strong> Sant’Orsola Terme. It substitutes the APT – the Tourist 

Board - <strong>and</strong>, in addition to its own functions (organisational activities), it also carries out promotional 

activities, marketing <strong>and</strong> information, working therefore as a development agency. This organisation 

is financed 90% by the Autonomous Province of Trento, while it receives only 10% private funding. 

Private investment is very low since the current turnover would not be able to cover the money that 

has been invested. 

As for those involved in development decisions in the area, there is a substantial lack of cooperation 

among them. The first attempt to create a network was with the Territorial Pact, which involves all the 

various categories present in the valley which are interested in developing the local area. 

Collaboration among players <strong>and</strong> the existence of a touristic culture <strong>and</strong> 


Interviews revealed how lack of collaboration among players <strong>and</strong> a general lack of tourism culture are 

the major critical areas. The players who are most involved in development decisions are the farmers, 

thanks to the Consorzio Proloco (Tourist Office Consortium) <strong>and</strong> Cooperative “Piccoli Frutti” of 

Sant’Orsola, which represents an important economic element of the valley. All other players have 

little involvement in the decision-making process, partly because of their weak organisation (as is the 


92

case, for example, of artisans <strong>and</strong> traders who are only focused on their own interests <strong>and</strong> unable to 

see beyond their own business). The lack of cooperation is also due to the presence of two distinct 

communities in the valley. On the one side there is the town of Sant’ Orsola Terme, which does not 

have Valle dei Mòcheni traditions, <strong>and</strong> on the other there is the group of three Valle dei Mòcheni 

municipalities (Fierozzo, Frassilongo <strong>and</strong> Palù del Fersina). This division between the locals has 

brought about a strong parochialism of the entire local community <strong>and</strong> the players. It is also the 

reason for the lack of tourism culture in the whole of the community. The lack of tourism culture does 

not allow public <strong>and</strong> private citizens to see the possible benefits to be gained from a synergy of 

players, which would help the development of the area. This is why research brought to light the 

necessity of adequate training for the community which, despite its internal conflicts, has the potential 

of great cohesion. 

The valley boasts the EMAS certificate in Sant’Orsola Terme, <strong>and</strong> the provincial B&B certificate of 

quality was awarded to a hotel in the town of Sant’Orsola. 

Furthermore, the area is conscious of the importance of renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic 

<strong>and</strong> hydropower. 


Valle dei Mòcheni is <strong>and</strong> has been the subject of numerous tourism development projects, but often 

the projects failed to get off the ground, or did not receive visibility for various different reasons. 

Among the main development projects are: 

� The European Project “Listen to the Voice of Villages” which aims to promote tourism in 

marginal rural areas, with a view to enhancing their wealth, competiveness <strong>and</strong> attractiveness; 

� The project “Vacanze in Baita” (holidays in mountain chalets), which aims to promote <strong>and</strong> 

develop individual <strong>and</strong> sustainable tourism, enhancing the area <strong>and</strong> giving the locals the 

opportunity to supplement their family income, while maintaining close ties with the area <strong>and</strong> 

preserving it from any possible exploitation. The initiative involves a total of 47 chalets, 11 of 

which are located in Valle dei Mòcheni <strong>and</strong> is co-funded by both public <strong>and</strong> private 

organisations. It has been an active project for the last 15 years; 

� The Project Vacanza nel Bosco (holidays in the woods), which aims to enhance the beauty, 

history <strong>and</strong> culture of the area, with particular attention to the forest’s natural products 

(officinal <strong>and</strong> edible mountain herbs in the spring <strong>and</strong> mushrooms in the winter). 

Environmental operators accompany tourists. Some time is also spent on recreational <strong>and</strong> 

creative moments (cooking classes <strong>and</strong> entertainment activities); 

� The completion of the Eco-museum in Valle dei Mòcheni, which is promoted by the Cultural 

Association of the same name, through periodic meetings of those involved in various ways; 

� Projects to improve tourism potential provided by the Patto Territoriale (for example the idea 

of the ViabiLait project 9 ). 

9 The project ViabiLait would implement various actions in order to provide services which enable residents <strong>and</strong> 

tourists to get to know <strong>and</strong> appreciate the territory, by establishing mini-coaches for visitors <strong>and</strong> locals, creating 

a network between the various points of interest (both private <strong>and</strong> public) creating the necessary conditions for 

the development of business <strong>and</strong> marketing activities <strong>and</strong> different activity proposals on the basis of the type of 

target. 


93

It is important to highlight that the Patto Territoriale is the first attempt to create a network in the area, 

aiming therefore to help all efforts to develop regional tourism. 

Table 99 The elements of governance in Valle dei Mòcheni 

Investigated areas Characteristics 

Presence <strong>and</strong> structure of the touristic 

promotion body 

Decision-making Process 

� Tourist Office Consortium functions: 

• Touristic organisation <strong>and</strong> local events 

• Area promotion 

• Commercial product 

• Information for tourists <strong>and</strong> domiciled 

people 

Financing: 90% public <strong>and</strong> 10% private 

� Categories of players present on the territory: 

quite high 

� Categories of players involved in the decision- 

making of touristic development: to improve 

� European Project “Listen to the Voice of 

Villages” (under the control of the Trento 

Province, with the involvement of the territorial 

players) 

� Vacanze in Baita Project (private initiative co- 

Development projects in the area 

funded by the public) 

� Vacanza nel Bosco Project (promoted by the 

Autonomous Province of Trento) 

� Eco-museum of Valle dei Mòcheni (promoted 

by a local cultural association) 

� Projects provided for by the Patto Territoriale 

Legislation <strong>and</strong> policy for quality � Limited policy for quality 

Cooperation between the actors Absent/Very scarce 

Interconnection between tourism <strong>and</strong> 

other sectors of the economy 

Destination br<strong>and</strong>ing policy Absent 

Willingness of the local community to 

undergo a process of touristic 

development 

Scarce. Connection with the agricultural sector of the 

small fruits farmers. 

Fairly good availability but scarce hospitality culture 


A synthetic view of the Mòcheni area: the main probems <strong>and</strong> the growth 

opportunities 

From the research carried out, some considerations emerged regarding the overall situation of Valle 

dei Mòcheni, which must be taken into account when drawing up plans for future development. 

The main criticisms expressed concerned: 

� The scarce use of the distinctive resources present in the area; 

� The lack of professionalism of among the operators <strong>and</strong> the lack of hospitality culture in the 

area (spontaneous hospitality); 

� The low st<strong>and</strong>ard of accommodation offered; 

� The lack of leisure facilities <strong>and</strong> services; 


94

� The lack of policies for quality; 

� The absence of synergies <strong>and</strong> the lack of cooperation among players; 

� The lack of inter-connection of tourism with the other sectors of the economy, with the 

exception of the Consorzio Piccoli Frutti, the Small Fruits Consortium, which is pivotal to 

the valley’s economy, <strong>and</strong> also for tourism; 

� Market positioning strategies <strong>and</strong> destination br<strong>and</strong>ing remains somewhat unclear or 

undefined; 

� Parochialism within the various municipalities which hinders the ability to work together; 

� Strong phenomenon of commuting, with consquent shift of labour out of the valley. 

To overcome these problems it is important to define a shared course of action to develop tourism in 

the area. It must be built on the distinctive characteristics <strong>and</strong> resources of the area (unspoilt natural 

environment, sports in contact with the nature, but also exploiting the nationally known br<strong>and</strong> Piccoli 

Frutti to promote the area) involving all categories of actors whose activities may be linked to 

tourism. An important role is that of training, which must be addressed to all players linked to 

tourism <strong>and</strong> also the community, so that they do not become a barrier to the development of tourism. 

Given the environmental characteristics <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape of the territory, a great opportunity for the 

valley would be to increase the dem<strong>and</strong> for eco-tourism, which can be used by operators as a new 

target for destination. 

Targets identified in each area should be well defined <strong>and</strong> on the basis of their characteristics, specific 

tourism proposals <strong>and</strong> related policies should be developed. 

Territory 3: Tesino – Vanoi 

Structure <strong>and</strong> characteristics of the territorial body <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> of 

decision-making processes in the area 

From the point of view of the governante system, the Tesino-Vanoi area cannot be considered as only 

one unit or a homogenous area. As a matter of fact, the two territories have been united within the 

Territorial Pact <strong>and</strong> although they show important similarities from the social, economic <strong>and</strong> 

entrepreneurial perspectives <strong>and</strong> feature similar touristic resources, they are characterised by two 

different scenarios from tha point of view of management. 

As a matter of fact, the Tesino area is under the influence of the Valsugana Lagorai – Terme – Laghi 

Tourist Board, the mission of which is to promote the touristic offer through different channels: 

� Tourist information <strong>and</strong> welcome service; 

� Area promotion <strong>and</strong> touristic market initiatives; 

� Service creation <strong>and</strong> mediation, offer of holiday proposals. 

The Tourist Board was created in September 2007 from the merger of Lagorai <strong>and</strong> Valsugana 

Vacanze Tourist Boards <strong>and</strong> was deisgned as a cooperative from its beginning. Today it numbers 48 

members representing over 2000 businesses. Today all of the municipality <strong>and</strong> district 

administrations, delegations of all the economic categories, cultural <strong>and</strong> sports associations, private 

businesses take part in it. 


95

On average, 60% of funding of the Tourist Board is public, whereas the remaining 40% is private. 

This funding is justified <strong>and</strong> used for the promotion of the area through catalogues <strong>and</strong> web sites. 

Projects shared by all of the players are promoted, such as “Adotta una mucca”(Adopt a Cow) <strong>and</strong> 

“Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore” (Zero Km Products: From Producer to Consumer). 

The Tourist Board promotes the territory through a destination br<strong>and</strong> policy. A specific br<strong>and</strong> for the 

Tesino area does not exist. 

Figure 37 Valsugana Lagorai Terme Laghi br<strong>and</strong> 

The Vanoi area is under the influence of the San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero – 

Vanoi Tourist Board, the mission of which is the touristic mangamente <strong>and</strong> marketing of the area. It 

also performs the following activities: 

� Tourist information <strong>and</strong> welcoming service; 

� Actions of general <strong>and</strong> specific marketing for the development of the territory; 

� Co-ordination of internal players; 

� Promotion <strong>and</strong> commercialisation. 

The new San Martino di Castrozza, Primiero e Vanoi Tourist Board was created in 2005 following the 

provincial reform (Provincial Law n.8/2002) which led to the privatisation of Tourist Boards which 

already existed. After a compulsory administration period, which was imposed by the province on all 

institutions that had not been able to respect the terms that had been fixed to establish the new 

organisation, the Tourist Board was generated in the shape of a co-operative, <strong>and</strong> also encompassed 

the Consorzio Turistico del Vanoi, Vanoi’s tourist association. It currently numbers Attualmente 

conta al proprio interno circa 400 383 , tra cui gli otto Comuni presenti nel territorio, ripartiti tra le 

varie categorie di attori. 

From a financial point of view, 70% of funding of the Tourist Board comes from the province, 

whereas the remaining 30% comes from self-funding, a part of which comes from the municipalities, 

whereas the larger part comes from private businesses. 

The Tourist Board promotes the area through a destination br<strong>and</strong> policy. 

Figure 38 San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero – Vanoi br<strong>and</strong> 


96

A specific br<strong>and</strong> which has been promoted by the Tourist Board for the Vanoi area does not exist, 

however the Consorzio Turistico del Vanoi, although it has been included in the Tourist Board, has 

retained its br<strong>and</strong>. 

Figure 39 Vanoi br<strong>and</strong> 

Since 1994 the Consorzio Turistico Valle del Vanoi is the organisation that unites the Canal San 

Bovo-Gobbera, Prade Cicona <strong>and</strong> Zortea, Ronco <strong>and</strong> Caoria “pro loco,” i.e. grass-roots organisations 

which aim to promote a particolar place. It has the task of coordinating the four associations. In 

comparison with the Tourist Board, the Consorzio mainly focuses on the organisational activity. In 

particular, its tasks are: 

� Distributing materials such as leaflets, local maps, information on walks <strong>and</strong> excursions; 

� Useful information (scheduling of means of transport, medical <strong>and</strong> surgery services); 

� Co-ordinating folklore <strong>and</strong> gastronomy events linked with local culture <strong>and</strong> traditions; 

� Planning <strong>and</strong> preparing hoardings, billboards, posters. 

With regard to the players’ participation in decisions of touristic strategy, their involvement is not 

insufficient. However, what results to be missing is the collaboration among both private <strong>and</strong> publicprivate 

players. Local administrations still seem to be influenced by a parochial spirit. This is a fault 

which has the consequence of not leading the players to be involved. 

Collaboration among players <strong>and</strong> existence of a touristic culture <strong>and</strong> 


The collaboration among players <strong>and</strong> the existence of a touristic culture are two of the main critical 

points which were noticed by the players in the territory. 

As a matter of fact, all of the interviewees agreed in stating that the collaboration among the players is 

sporadic <strong>and</strong> limited to some categories, while others, such as that of commerce <strong>and</strong> arts <strong>and</strong> crafts 

have a marginal role. The lack of collaboration, which is also noted in the lack or weak connection 

between tourism <strong>and</strong> other sectors of the economy, is attributed to the lack of a strong, accepted 

direction, <strong>and</strong> the lack of a touristic culture, which paralyses the area. However, the population’s 

willingness to start a path of tourism development exists. The construction of a shared strategy is 

missing. It should begin from concrete projects <strong>and</strong> involve all the players. A management of projects 

<strong>and</strong> activities could encourage the players <strong>and</strong> help the underst<strong>and</strong>ing of the advantages of 

cooperation. 

As for the vocation to quality in the territory, accommodation - including apartments - certification 

mechanisms are recognised, (through genziane), certification of Municipalities (EMAS) <strong>and</strong> forest 

certification (PFC). It has been shown that it is essential to increase the quality not just of 

infrastructure, but also of the territory as a whole. Moreover, investments in renewable energy <strong>and</strong> 

alternative mobility are considered to be essential. 


97


The Tesino –Vanoi area has been <strong>and</strong> is the object of numerous projects of touristic development. 

Nonetheless, they have not yet been put into concrete form, or for different reasons have not been able 

to obtain visibility. The main touristic development projects that have started within the Territorial 

Pact are listed as follows: 

� The European project “Listen to the Voice of Villages”. It has the goal of promoting the 

touristic development of areas that can be identified as marginal rural areas, in order to 

increase their value <strong>and</strong> boost their competitiveness <strong>and</strong> attractiveness; 

� Progetto baite del Lagoria, the Lagorai mountain chalet project. It is a private initiative which 

has been carried out with the participation of Trentino Sviluppo. Its goal is to increase the 

accommodation capacity of hotels (aout 1000 beds have been estimated). The project is 

underway; 

� Progetto Baite, mountain chalet project, under the autonomous Trento province. Its goal is to 

recover rural buildings for touristic purposes. The recovery will be obtained through the use 

of technology. A new product of sustainable tourism of medium/high level will be generated. 

It will be integrated in the environment <strong>and</strong> competitive with similar products. At the same 

time, the technological potential <strong>and</strong> innovation of the energy <strong>and</strong> environment system 

(Habitech) of Trentino will be enhanced. It has been estimated that the mountain chalets that 

have to be restored in the area amounts to about 4000 units. The projects are being arranged; 

� the “Vacanza in Baita” (holiday in a mountain chalet) initiative. It aims to promote <strong>and</strong> 

develop individual, ecologically sustainable tourism, enhancing the value of the territory <strong>and</strong> 

offering the inhabitants the chance to supplement their household income, while keeping at 

the same time a strong tie with their territory of origin <strong>and</strong> preserving it against potential 

actions aiming at its exploitation. The initiative involves about 47 chalets, of which 11 are 

situated in Tesino. It is funded both publicly <strong>and</strong> privately. The project has been going on for 

about 15 years; 

� initiatives of the Tourist Board. The projects have been active for a few years. In particular, 

four actions which are part of one project are worth mentioning, namely “Adotta una mucca” 

(Adopt a Cow), “Consumiamo più prodotti trentini” (Let Us Consume More Trentino 

Products), “Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore” (Zero Km Products: From 

Producer to Consumer) <strong>and</strong> “Malghese per un giorno” (Malghese for One Day) 10 . The project 

has the aim of enhancing the value of Trentino’s agricultural products. It is part of the wider 

context of a task that the governing board of the Trento province has given to the Trentino cooperation 

federation. The task consists in preparing <strong>and</strong> gradually leading to conclusion a 

10 “Adotta una mucca” is an initiative which gives the opportunity to choose one out of 140 cows which have 

been made available by the 14 malghe, i.e. mountain huts, that have partaken in the initiative <strong>and</strong> adopt it 

against the payment of 60 Euro, 10 of which are earmarked for charity projects, whereas 50 are assigned to the 

malga to keep the adopted cow during the summer period. The money that has been invested can be redeemed in 

the form of dairy products for a corresponding value. 

“Consumiamo più prodotti trentini " publicises products directly in companies through members of the Strada 

del vino e dei sapori Trento <strong>and</strong> Valsuganaì. It is thus possible to learn about the methods of production <strong>and</strong> 

processing. "Prodotti a Km 0: dal produttore al consumatore" is intended to sell <strong>and</strong> consume more <strong>and</strong> more 

local products in the areas of production <strong>and</strong> aims to provide hotel <strong>and</strong> restaurant facilities. "Malghese per un 

giorno" offers the opportunity to spend a day in a malga, i.e. a mountain hut, to attend or participate in the work 

of the shepherds <strong>and</strong> cheesemakers who work the milk <strong>and</strong> other raw materials of animal origin. 


98

project of enhancement of Trentino agricultural products at a local <strong>and</strong> national level, using 

different public <strong>and</strong> private sectors <strong>and</strong> fields, such as: hotels <strong>and</strong> restaurants, department 

stores, SAIT shops, canteens, associations of producers, single businesses; 

� joint Trentino- Veneto project, under the control of the Sovramonte municipality, which lies 

at the border of the two regions. It aims to use European resources to revamp touristic 

accommodation – especially non-hotel accommodation – <strong>and</strong> commerce in marginal areas. 

It also seems important to mention that the Territorial Pact which has been in force in the Tesino- 

Vanoi area can be inserted among the new instruments of provincial planning. This instrument, 

inspired by the principle of subsidiarity, is an agreement which aims to join private <strong>and</strong> public 

organisations of a territory for the benefit of concrete, shared projects. The Pact has brought about 

some improvements in infrastructures, but it has not pushed the re-launch of the tourism in the area, 

due to problems mainly linked to management <strong>and</strong> offer of services. 

Generally speaking, the players involved believe that for all the projects regarding the area a 

rewarding system should be implemented, which could develop <strong>and</strong> fund projects which present 

successful aspects, while it should penalise project which do not lead to concrete results through lack 

of funding. It is therefore necessary to go beyond the “subsistence spirit” characterising the territory, 

which has a wait-<strong>and</strong>-see attitude with resources coming from the autonomous Trento province. This 

attitude has been recorded both in private players <strong>and</strong> public administrations. 

The table below sums up information that has been presented in relation to touristic characteristics. 

Table 100 Governance elements in the Tesino Vanoi area 

Investigated areas Characteristics 

Presence <strong>and</strong> structure 

of the Ente di 

promozione turistica, 

i.e. the touristic 

promotion body 

� Tesino: Azienda per il Turismo Valsugana Lagorai – Terme – 

Laghi 

• Legal form: co-operative 

• Structure: municipality administrations, comprensori <strong>and</strong> 

representatives of all of the economic categories, culture 

<strong>and</strong> sports associations, private individuals 

• mission: promotion of touristic offer in the area 

• Functions: 

� tourist information <strong>and</strong> welcoming service 

� area promotion <strong>and</strong> touristic marketing initiatives 

� creation <strong>and</strong> mediation of services, holiday 

proposal offers 

• Funding: 60% pubblic <strong>and</strong> 40% private 

� Vanoi: Azienda per il Turismo San Martino di Castrozza - Passo 

Rolle - Primiero – Vanoi (it includes the Consorzio Turistico del 

Vanoi). 

• Legal form: co-operative 

• Structure: municipalità administrations <strong>and</strong> 

representatives from all categories 

• Mission: management <strong>and</strong> touristic marketing of the 

territory 

• Functions: 

� Information service <strong>and</strong> tourist reception; 

� Generic <strong>and</strong> specific marketing to develop the 

territory; 

� Co-ordination of internal players; 

� Promotion <strong>and</strong> commercialisation. 


99

Decision-making 

process 

Development projects in 

the area 

Legislation <strong>and</strong> quality 

policies 

Cooperation among 

players 

Connections between 

tourism <strong>and</strong> other 

economic sectors 

Destination br<strong>and</strong>ing 

policy 

Local community’s 

willingness to start a 

process of touristic 

development 

• Financing: 70% from the Province, 10% from the 

Municipality, 20% private 

� Categories of players present in the area: quite high 

� Categories of players involved in decision-making linked to touristic 

development: to improve 

� European Project “Listen to the Voice of Villages” (under the 

control of the Trento Province, with the involvement of the territorial 

players) 

� Progetto Baite del Lagorai (Lagorai mountain chalet project), private 

initiative with the support of Trentino Sviluppo 

� Progetto Baite Project (mountain chalet project) under the control of 

the Trento Autonomous Province 

� Vacanza in Baita Project (mountain chalet holiday project), private 

initiative co-funded by the public 

� Initiatives under the control of the Tourist Office 

� Project shared by Trentino <strong>and</strong> Veneto 

� Territorial pact as an instrument for the provincial planning in favour 

of the development of the territory 

� Policies for a limited quality 

Absent/very scarce 

Absent/Very scarce. Weak connection, which is being developed, with 

the agricultural sector 

Presence of a br<strong>and</strong>, yet linked to a wider area 

Good attitude, but low level of receptivity culture 


A synthetic view of the Tesino-Vanoi area: the main problems <strong>and</strong> the 

growth opportunities 

The information that was gathered with the <strong>analysis</strong> <strong>and</strong> the interviews to key players in the territory 

have made it possible to outline the present situation, thus highlighting the crucial issues of the area 

<strong>and</strong> providing important ideas to sketch out policies on future development. 

The main issues that must be faced <strong>and</strong> overcome in order to plan an effective touristic development 

policy can be summarised in the following areas: 

� Strong presence of potentially attractive, identitary touristic resources, which, however, are 

not adequately emphasised <strong>and</strong> marketed; 

� Lack of touristic services which could turn resources into attractive touristic products <strong>and</strong> be 

able to complete <strong>and</strong> reinforce the touristic offer, thus having significant impact on profits <strong>and</strong> 

jobs; 

� Lack of some infrastructural services; 

� Weak accommodation offer, lacking in hotels <strong>and</strong> not very qualified as far as the non-hotel 

sector is concerned; 


100

� Strong presence of second houses <strong>and</strong> private houses which are not adequately used <strong>and</strong> 

enhanced from the touristic point of view; 

� Not very well defined strategy of territory positioning; 

� Strong presence of the phenomenon of hiking; 

� Lack of adequate education; weak touristic culture, both in locals at a private level <strong>and</strong> in the 

administration of communes; 

� Presence of parochialism within public administrations; 

� Limited human resources that are able to focus their activity on the territory; 

� Entrepreneurial <strong>and</strong> planning spirit limited to only some categories of players; 

� Deficient, occasional cooperation among players, which is limited to only some categories; 

� Presence of numerous plans on the territory, which are an important re source for touristic 

development on the one h<strong>and</strong>, but encourage the population’s “delaying” attitude on the other 

h<strong>and</strong>; 

� Absence of a real rewarding/punishing system which could lead to a more careful, efficient 

use of resources; 

� Presence of a “culture of subsistence”; 

� Absence of a strong, recognised direction that could be able to coordinate the resources <strong>and</strong> 

suggested activities; 

� Little integration among economic sectors; 

� Lack of cohesion between Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi. 

In order to overcome these problems, beginning a path of touristic requalification seems to be 

important. The attention should be focused on some specific projects which should be shared by 

public <strong>and</strong> private bodies, limited in terms of time <strong>and</strong> able to provide concrete results. Such projects 

should involve the most supportive <strong>and</strong> proactive players, who act as the driving force for the rest of 

the population (following a rationale of step-by-step improvement). They should provide for a strong 

training process. Furthermore, the target to which touristic offers are addressed should be very well 

defined, using a strategy of revitalisation <strong>and</strong> enlargement of the present target. 


101

2.2. PP3 - DEVELOPMENT CENTRE LITIJA 11 


JABLANIŠKA DOLINA Z OBRONKI (Jablaniška valley with slopes) 

Geographical description of the area 

Jablaniška Valley lies in central Slovenia on the right bank of the Sava River, about 25 km east from 

Ljubljana, <strong>and</strong> a few miles (2-10 km) east from Litija. It represents the western part of Posavsko 

hribovje (Posavje Hills). Large embossed surface <strong>and</strong> roughness is typical for the region. In the north 

the valley extends to the northern part of Posavje Hills in the south it opens towards Dolenjska region. 

The area is relatively easy to access, because on the bottom of the valley lies the main II-order road 

Litija-Zagorje. The area is most easily accessible from the north (via Litija), where valley starts to 

open. The area is also available from Zasavje region (from north-east direction) <strong>and</strong> through the 

valley of Sopota, Radeče (from the east) <strong>and</strong> from the south, across Dolenjske region via Ivančna 

Gorica, through Bogenšperk <strong>and</strong> Šmartno pri Litiji. Valley is shared by two municipalities: 

Municipality of Litija <strong>and</strong> younger community Šmartno pri Litiji. Firstly, they were both part of the 

common Litija municipality, but in 2002 municipality Šmartno pri Litiji split from municipality Litija. 

The mere size of the pilot area Jablaniška valley with slopes is 22,2 km 2 , the average altitude of the 

pilot area is 390 meters. The lowest point is reached at the estuary of Jablaniška valley stream <strong>and</strong> 

river Sava near Litija (240 meters), the highest point is at the hill top Čerjavec, which is 856 meters 

high. The valley is on average 5km away from the municipal center (Litija). 

The surface is fairly wooden, the proportion of forest is 68%, <strong>and</strong> is above the Slovenian average, 

which for 2007 is 58.4%. Deciduous forest is dominated. The central body of water is Jablaniška 

valley stream with tributary of the river Reka, which fall into the river Sava near Litija. 

In this area we have on average between 1.200 <strong>and</strong> 1.300 mm of rainfall per year, on average, we 

have less than 2 days per year, when fall more than 50mm rainfall. Snow cover lasts between 40 <strong>and</strong> 

60 days per year, its total maximum height may be between 75 <strong>and</strong> 100 cm. Average annual air 

temperature is between 8-10 degrees Celsius, the average temperature in January is between 0 <strong>and</strong> -2 

degrees Celsius, Julian, between 18 <strong>and</strong> 20 degrees Celsius. The average annual wind speed at 10m 

high is less than 1m/s. 

Demographic characteristics of the area 

In the region in 2007 in 14 villages lived 1.337 people. Settlement is limited to the valley bottom <strong>and</strong> 

sunny slopes. In the formal way, the area lies in two administrative municipalities <strong>and</strong> three local 

communities. 5 villages are located in the municipality Litija, 9 however, in the municipality Šmartno 

pri Litiji. The average population density is 60,2 persons/km2, which is substantially less than the 

national average of 99 persons/km2. The area has 375 households in average household live 3,1 

persons. The average age of residents is 36,1 (data are available for 10 villages), which is under 

Slovenian average. 441 inhabitants are economically active. We also compared the 5 largest 

settlements in the pilot area (Breg pri Litiji, Tenetiše, Spodnja in Zgornja Jablanica, Gradiške Laze) 

between years 1999 <strong>and</strong> 2007. In general we can say that the area showing growth in population by 

12% (from 642 to 720). Since data for the specific pilot area are not available, we analyzed the data 



102

for the entire municipality Litija <strong>and</strong> separately Šmartno pri Litiji. We assumed that the data for a 

pilot area do not differ significantly from those for entire municipality. Index of ageing in the 

municipality Litija is 92 (year 2008). In 2003 were in the municipality Litija 124 births (144 deaths), 

in 2007 this number rose to 156 (127 deaths). The natural population growth was in 2003 -20 <strong>and</strong> in 

2007, 29 residents. The overall population grow in municipality Litija in 2002 is 1 resident <strong>and</strong> in 

2007 60 residents. Index of ageing in the municipality Šmartno pri Litji is 74 in 2008. The 

municipality Šmartno Litiji is showing the best age structure. In 2003 was in the municipality 52 

births (47 deaths), in 2007 this number rose to 64 (50 deaths). The natural growth in 2003 was 5 in 

2007 14 residents. The overall population growth in municipality Šmartno pri Litiji was 22 in 2003 

<strong>and</strong> 41 residents in year 2007. 

Economic characteristics of the area 

The registered unemployment rate for the municipality Litija was in 1/2003 11,7% <strong>and</strong> in 5/2009 

8,8% for the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji was in 1/2003 5,7% <strong>and</strong> in 5/2009 10,0%. In the service 

sector is employed 64% of the economically active population in the secondary 35% <strong>and</strong> in the 

primary economic sector 3%. Data of employment by sectors are available for the entire municipality. 

In 1998, was in former municipality Litija 4.517 employees, of which 538 were farmers <strong>and</strong> 438 

entrepreneurs. Most people (41%) were employed in manufacturing (1.852), followed by the 

production of textiles (630) or 13,9%. In 2008 were in municipality Litija 3.618 employees, of which 

336 were farmers <strong>and</strong> 366 entrepreneurs. Most people (27,7%) were employed in manufacturing, 

followed by trade <strong>and</strong> repair of motor vehicles (508) or. 14%. The valley has several powerful private 

companies. One joint stock company (d.d.) is registered, 19 limited liability companies (d.o.o.) <strong>and</strong> 49 

sole traders (s.p.) Enterprise size is small/medium. At present in the area is operative few smaller 

schemes for renewable energy. Water heating panels are used for domestic purposes <strong>and</strong> also biomass 

for heating homes. 

Infrastructure 

Through the area runs main regional road of 3th order, linking Litija <strong>and</strong> Radeče. The central water 

supply is in municipality Litija established in only two villages. Other settlements are supplied from 

the village water supply systems, which are in settlements with over 50 inhabitants regulated by 

municipalities or public utilities. The problem of the supply from their own or village water supply 

systems is to provide quality <strong>and</strong> safe drinking water. In the sector of discharging of urban waste 

water the situation is bad, because there are no regulated water treatment plants. Houses have 

individual septic tanks, whose closeness is questionable. There is a plan to connect the lower part of 

the valley to the future central sewage treatment plant <strong>and</strong> construct small (plant) treatment facilities 

for smaller settlements, where connection to the central treatment plant is not possible or is too 

expensive. 

Agriculture 

In the area Jablaniški valley operates 13 farms with offering. The offer ranges from domestic 

vegetables, herbs, milk products, bread, rolls (potice), to trout, <strong>and</strong> lamb. Three farms in the area offer 

camping, two rent of picnic place. Farm once a year organize traditional tour named "From the slopes 

of Jablaniške Valley", where they promote with its present offer. 3 farms have also registered 6 

complementary farm activities. Among the objectives of the project "Listen to the voice of villages" is 

to establish so-called "pušnšankov", farm open days when they could represent <strong>and</strong> sell their 

offerings. 


103


Tourist activity /development potential 

The area fits within type 1, tourist <strong>and</strong> recreational potential are there, but they are underused <strong>and</strong> the 

tourist offer is limited to day/temporary guests. Tourist offer is scattered <strong>and</strong> not related. Currently in 

the area operates only one tourism promoter cooperative Jarina, which is licensed as incoming travel 

agency. In the area of Jablaniška valley is no accommodation facilities, besides three farms which 

offer possibility of camping. The offer of food <strong>and</strong> beverage is also limited. There is one restaurant: 

Gostlina pustov mlin in the village Cerovica <strong>and</strong> 2 bars: Okrepčevalnica pri kozolcu in the village 

Breg <strong>and</strong> Bistro Lipa also in the village Breg. As the biggest tourist attraction of the area we could 

pronounce preserved natural <strong>and</strong> ethnological heritage. In the area operates sports <strong>and</strong> recreation 

center Reka, which is the only such center <strong>and</strong> offers more sports fields. In the winter the Center 

establish ski tracks <strong>and</strong> offers Nordic skiing. There is also mini ski resort for children. A small ski 

resort is established in the village Dolgo Brdo near farm Pr 'Kavc. In the surroundings of village Breg 

pri Litiji they offer hors ridding. In the area are many ab<strong>and</strong>oned mine shafts. The surroundings of 

town Litija has long been an important mining area, but today all the mines are ab<strong>and</strong>oned. There is a 

plan for ab<strong>and</strong>oned mine Sitarjevc above Litija (outside the pilot area), which was exploited from the 

Heliolithic period onwards, to be restored within other project named Geopark. The mine is closed 

from 1965 onwards <strong>and</strong> is in very poor <strong>and</strong> dangerous condition. Access is not allowed. In the local 

fire station in village Breg pri Litji is the permanent exhibition of stones from the riverbank of river 

Sava <strong>and</strong> geological educational path "River Sava tells". Beside is also learning path "Shepherd", 

which is aimed for children. On the path the children learn about the work of a shepherd in the past, 

collect herbs <strong>and</strong> play shepherd games. Homestead Vovk in the village Gradišče offers summer camps 

for children. Within these camps, each year about 80 children spend their holidays. Most visitors 

come to the area during the traditional events held in the valley. Those include the tour named "along 

the slopes of Jablaniška valley", which is every year in early April <strong>and</strong> attend about 1.000 visitors, 

mainly from municipalities Litija <strong>and</strong> Šmartno pri Litiji. The tour track is leading around Jablaniška 

valley along surrounding ridges <strong>and</strong> connects the farm with a wide range of supply. Primarily it is in 

fact open day on the farms, when farms open their doors. There are few foreign visitors in the area 

<strong>and</strong> official statistics about tourists are not available. For the municipality Šmartno pri Litiji official 

figures show that in 2008 there was no foreign arrival or overnight realized. Officially the 

municipality Šmartno pri Litiji has no accommodation facilities <strong>and</strong> also tourist arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnight 

stays are not recorded. Municipality Litija has, according to official data from the 2008 the 

accommodation facilities which include 5 rooms with 12 beds. In 2008 they recorded 267 tourist 

arrivals (of which 172 foreign), <strong>and</strong> 604 overnights. There are few organized groups, <strong>and</strong> usually they 

do not realize overnights but more often only rent a picnic area. 

Among the important development potential of the area successful entrepreneurs operating in the 

valley, might also be regarded. They could significantly contribute to the improvement of tourist 

attractions with their possible financial contributions. 

Natural attractions: 

� Preserved natural <strong>and</strong> cultural environment in the valley <strong>and</strong> surrounding ridges; 

� »Salad« in village Spodnja Jablanica (it is similar vegetable to salad, in the past locals in the 

winter cut this plant instead of salad); 

� Conserve area by NATURA 2000 in the village Zgornja Jablanica (bats); 


104

� Spring of Jablaniški studenec stream, which might have healthy thermal water. The spring 

freezes in the winter; 

� Stream »Jablaniški potok« – in the water you still could find: fishes, crabs, lampreys. Fauna, 

which is already disappeared from the most of Slovenian rivers. 

� In the conserved area of Natura 2000 is included village Zgornja Jablanica with wider 

surroundings. Attic of the church St. Ana is the shelter of 2 endangered types of bat, 

surrounding represents their feeding habitat. Almost the whole area is ecological important. 

In the area of Jablaniška valley is conserved one natural value: 

� Beech “na Adamčku“in the village Breg pri Litiji. 

Cultural-historical attractions: 

� Permanent exhibition of stones from the riverbank of river Sava in local fire station in the 

village Breg pri Litiji; 

� Churches: St. Katarina, village Breg, St. Ana, village Zgornja Jablanica, St. Magdalena, 

village Gradišče, St. Janez Baptist, village Mamolj; 

� Granary, in the village Zgornja Jablanica; 

� Hayracks; 

� Farm building in village Zgornja Jablanica, more than 150 years old; 

� House in village Cerovica no. 9, which is 140 years old; 

� Traditional fruit draying house in the village Jablaniški Lazi; 

� Archeological area Roven in the villages Gradišče (prehistoric fort with good preserved iron 

aged inscriptions); 

� Archeological founding Cvinger in the village Tenetiše (prehistoric fort with sites of iron <strong>and</strong> 

lead ore). 

In the area of Jablaniška valley is in register of cultural heritage property, by Ministry of 

culture signed 13 heritage units: 

� Church of St. Katarina, in the village Breg pri Litiji; 

� Church of St. Janez Baptist in the village Mamolj; 

� Mound cemetery in the village Zgornji Mamolj; 

� Fort in the village Zgornji Mamolj; 

� Archeological founding Cvinger in the village Tenetiše near Litija; 

� House no. 9 in the village Cerovica; 

� Archeological area, Roven; 

� Church of st. Mary Magdalene; 

� Double hayrack in the village Selšek, near house no. 3; 

� Church of st. Ana in the village Zgornja Jablanica; 

� Farm building by farmhouse no. 4 in the village Zgornja Jablanica; 

� Granary near house no. 16, in the village Zgornja Jablanica; 

� Memorial plaque of dead during second world war. 

Traditional events in the area Jablaniša valley: 

� Carnival; 

� Tour named "along the slopes of Jablaniška valley"; 

� Crown making <strong>and</strong> event called »postavljanje mlaja« - set high shabby tree to st<strong>and</strong>; 

� The day of river Sava – stones from riverbank; 


105

� Blessing by all churches; 

� Meeting of Jablaniška valley inhabitants; 

� Veselica-party with local musicians in the village Zgornja Jablanica; 

� St. Nicholas celebrating; 

� St. Stephen's Day. 

In the area of Jablaniška valley operates some societies, which organizes various events. Among the 

most active is Association for Rural Development, which organizes the tour "along the slopes of 

Jablaniška valley". 

� Voluntary fire brigade in village Jablanica; 

� Voluntary fire brigade in village Breg; 

� Sport society Dolina; 

� Sport society Breg – Tenetiše; 

� Association for Rural Development; 

� Local organization of Red cross in the village Breg; 

� Local organization of Red cross in the village Jablanica. 

The main problem of the area Jablaniška valley is the lack of tourism offer, including the lack of 

accommodation facilities. A few tourism products/service, deliver tourist agency Jarina, but the most 

of it is aimed for children. Some offers emerge on the farms where they sold produced goods <strong>and</strong> 

implement variety of services for visitors if they have registered complementary activities. But this 

offer is aimed only for one day/temporary guests. The offer should be increased with new programs 

<strong>and</strong> events for different target groups. It would also be necessary to animate local residents to upgrade 

their houses <strong>and</strong> establish the offer of apartments available to rent. There is also need to raise 

awareness of their place among the residents to realize that they have something to offer <strong>and</strong> then try 

to sell it on the global tourism market. 


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2.3. PP4 - BOHEMIAN SWITZERLAND, PUBLIC 

BENEFIT ORGANIZATION 12 


It has to be indicated the type of territories chosen <strong>and</strong> the presence/absence of m<strong>and</strong>atory <strong>and</strong> 

preferential characteristics (Table below). 

Table 101 Characteristics of target territories (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


Territory Name 

České Švýcarsko / 

Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

Type of territories Area Type 2 M<strong>and</strong>atory 

Plurality of stakeholders who hold local 

resources 

High / Medium / Low M<strong>and</strong>atory 

Defined border (single unit <strong>analysis</strong>) 

Děčín District – National 

Park area 

Preferential 

Presence of small dimension real estates which 

could be converted into accommodation 

Absence/Presence 

(High-Medium-Low) 

Preferential 

Source: Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, Public Benefit organization 

2.3.2. Socio-economic profile of target territories 

Table 102 Geographical characteristics (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


Average altitude (m.a.s.l.) Ca 330 m 

Surface (km2) 909 km 2 of 5335 = 17% (of Ústí region) 

Number of municipality 52 of 354 = 14,69% 

Accessibility 

Connection with neighbouring 

areas 

� Easy / Medium / Difficult 

� As a region lying close to the state borders, Děčín district has its 

importance also as a transport junction <strong>and</strong> is easily accessible. 

� Roads (I.-III. class) 

� Mass transport (bus <strong>and</strong> train connection) 

� Ship transport on Labe river 

The area of 909 km 

Wood, farm, urban surface 

2 splits into: agricultural l<strong>and</strong> = cca 39,6% 

(360 km 2 ), 

wooded l<strong>and</strong> = 48,95% (445 km 2 ), water surface = 1,1% (10 km 2 ) 

<strong>and</strong> urban surface = 10,35% (94 km 2 ). 

The agricultural l<strong>and</strong> split into: arable l<strong>and</strong> (33,7 %), gardens 

(6,3 %), orchards (1,2 %) <strong>and</strong> meadows (58,8 %) 

Source: ČSÚ 31.12.2008 (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, p.b.o. 



107

Table 103 Socio-economic profile (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


� 135 710 inhabitants of 835 891 = 16,24% 

� Population growth rate in the last ten years = 0,35‰ 

� Migratory balances = 5,2‰ natural balances = 1,3‰ per 1000 inh. 

� Age structure: 

0-14 years : 15,5% 

15-64 years : 71,6% 

Demography (Inhabitants) 65 <strong>and</strong> more years: 12,9% 

� Old age index = (ratio between the population over 65 years <strong>and</strong> the population between 0 <strong>and</strong> 14 years, multiplied by 100) = 

83.23% 

� Social load index = (ratio between the population in not working age (0-14 <strong>and</strong> > 65 years) <strong>and</strong> the working age population, 

multiplied by 100) = 39,66% 

� Rate of outliers : 19 372 = 14,27% of Děčín inh. 

= 14,19% compared to Ústí region 

Density (Inhabitants/km2) 154 inh. / km2 

Structure of the economy farming : 1 385 of 8 990 = 15.41% 

(Active 

trade: 8 897 of 50 046 = 17,78% 

population/employment for industry : 3 466 of 19 236 = 18,02% 

sectors of economic activity) h<strong>and</strong>craft : 11 389 of 60 718 = 18,76% 

tourism : 2 216 of 10 669 = 20,77 

Unemployment Number of unemployed residents : 9 785 z 53 292 = 18,36% (but unemployment rate is 13,19%) 

� Average size (Small / Medium / Large) 

-small (250 empl.) = 15 of 143 

(10,49%) - 18 534 subject = not specified 

Local enterprise 

� Number of enterprises <strong>and</strong> sector of activity: 29 558 (farming: 1 385 , trade: 8897 , industry: 3 466,,hadcraft: 11 389, tourism: 2 216 ) 

� Presence of traditional activities like agriculture <strong>and</strong> fishing: Absence/Presence 

� Seasonality of activities: tourism = March-October 

Presence of renewable Presence (In Děčín, company TERMO, a.s. uses geothermal energy as a central heating source <strong>and</strong> plans to build also incineration plant 

energy systems 

for biomass. There is also a little hydroelectric plant on river Ploučnice, for example ) 

Presence: the reconstruction of the railway junction in Děčín has been finished; within the project RegioNET Labe-Elbe the travellers 

Sustainable Mobility 

can use an international one-day ticket for the bus/train transport services valid in almost half of the Ústí region <strong>and</strong> also on the German 

Systems 

side of the borders. The regional integrated travelling system is being planned <strong>and</strong> partially tested. 



Table 104 Tourism sector dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


Data � Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights (see the attachment Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights.xls ) 

� Average duration of stay: 3 nights 

(in hotel accommodations: 2-3 nights <strong>and</strong> 

non-hotel accommodations: 3-4 nights ) 

� Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations: 391 (hotels+B&B: 2008=240, 2007=244,2006=238 

non-hotels: 2008=151,2007=150,2006=146) 

� Number of beds: 2008=19 647 (2007=18 891, 

2006= 18 652, 2005= 19 405, 2004=20 036, 2003= 20 643) 

� Average size of 

hotel accommodations:19 rooms/49 beds 

<strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations: 17rooms/ 52 beds 

� Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the 


market 

beds for 365 days) : 1 126 856/7 171 155 = 15,71% 

� Current targets - characteristics of visitors: 

ca 50% - families with children 

ca 33% - tourists in age 30-50 

ca 12% - tourists in age 20-30 

ca 5 % - other groups 

� Reference market . 

ca 76% = domestic tourists 

ca 21% = German tourists 

ca 3% = other European tourists 

� Current product: 

By tram to the rock formations – the most popular guided trip in 2007 <strong>and</strong> 2008. Winner of 2 awards in Gr<strong>and</strong> Prix 

Region Tour 2008 competition <strong>and</strong> 1 st place in “Our Region 2008” competition. Also very popular in 2009 . Planned 

again for next year. 

Historic tram ride, 15km walk, adrenalin, lookouts 

tourist bus – best connection within the National Park, several stops at popular hiking starting points, operates from 

1.7.-31.8. 




Stage 1: involves a listing of all resources which have some connection with tourism; 

Table 105 Tourism Resource Database (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 

Natural Resources (name 

<strong>and</strong> location) 

Accessibility 

Current volume of activity 


Visitor types 

Pravčická brána (S<strong>and</strong>stone Easy, but parking most visited sight in Bohemian All age groups 

Gate) 

difficulties 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

Soutěsky Kamenice (Passes of easy Very popular, 2 of 4 used for 

All age groups 

Kamenice river) 

tourist boating 

Kyjovské údolí a Křinická Easy, but part of it Popular among long-term <strong>and</strong> All age groups, both hikers 

soutěska 

accessible only 

periodic tourists 

<strong>and</strong> cyclists 

(Kyjov Valley <strong>and</strong> Křinice from the German 

River Canyon) 

side of the borders 

Jetřichovické skály 

easy Very popular, mostly because of All age groups 

(Jetřichovice Rock 

Formations) 

the lookouts (Maria’s lookout) 

Tiské stěny (Tisá Cliffs) easy Popular one day trip All age groups 

Cultural Resources 

(name <strong>and</strong> location) 

Accessibility Ownership <strong>and</strong> management 



Visitor types 

Vesnická památková zóna 

easy municipality Recreational area All age groups 100% tourists 

Vysoká Lípa 

Folk architecture but majority of 

(Village Preservation Area 

Vysoká Lípa) 

40+ 

Skalní hrádky (Rock Castles) Easy State, National Park on main touristic paths All age groups 100% tourists 

Dolský Mlýn (mill) 

Easy/medium State, National Park Popular trip sight, Free 

entrance 

All age groups 100% tourists 

Děčínský zámek (Děčín easy municipality One of most visited sights in All age groups 95% tourists 


Castle) Nothern Bohemia – up to 800 

paying visitors daily over 

summer time, weddings, 

exhibitions 

Křížová cesta Jiřetín (The 

Way of the Cross Jiřetín) 

Events 


Dny Českého Švýcarska 

(Days of České Švýcarsko) 

Děčínské slavnosti (Děčín 

celebrations) 

Chřibské kulturní léto 

(Cultural summer in 

Chřibská) 

Srbskokamenický hudební 

festival (Music Festival in 

Srbská Kamenice) 

Festival Kytlice 

Activities <strong>and</strong> services 


Golf areál Janov 

Tichá a divoká soutěska 

(Tichá <strong>and</strong> Divoká River 

Canyon) 

Děčínská ZOO 


5% locals 

easy state Cultural monument, church 

monument 

All age groups 100% tourists 

Timing 

Organisation <strong>and</strong> 

management 

Number of participants 

(local vs. visitors) 

Visitor types 

September Town + České Švýcarsko o.p.s. Ca 1000 Age 20 + 70% locals 

30% tourists 

May Town Děčín 8000+ All age groups 95% locals 

5% tourist 

May - October Association of Tadeáš Haenke 

<strong>and</strong> municipality Chřibská 

August <strong>and</strong> 

September 

Municipality Srbská Kamenice, 

Catholic parish <strong>and</strong> CANTO 

agency 

Ca 3000 30 + 30% locals 

70% tourists 

Ca 700 30 + 30% locals 

70% tourists 

July Ameba Production,s.r.o. Ca 7000 20-40 20% locals 

30% tourists 

Accessibility Ownership <strong>and</strong> management 



Visitor types 

Easy Privat Club, golf training, cathering 

services, 292 pernament 

mebers 

Mainly 30+ 

Easy municipality Operates daily from Easter – 

31.10. 


Difficult when 

snow 

Municipality, Zoologická zahrada 

Děčín – Pastýřská stěna, p.o. 

60 years of operating, 80000 

of visitors in 2008 

Mainly families 

with kids

Dům Českého Švýcarska 

(House 

easy Municipality, National Park Information centre, guiding, 

adrenalin tours, promotion of 

the region, photoworkshops, 

education 



Catering services Type <strong>and</strong> rating Seating capacity Level of use Guest types 

Stará hospoda Doubice Stylish restaurant Ca 70 seats 90% tourists 

Na Stodolci Stylish restaurant Ca 50 seats 70-80% tourists 

Na Bělidle Stylish restaurant Ca 40 seats 50-60% tourists 

Na Vyhlídce Stylish restaurant Ca 40 seats 90% tourists 


Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness <strong>and</strong> tourist appeal; 

� Large amount of natural <strong>and</strong> culture heritage 

� Hospitality of residents 

� Sophisticated information system 

� Crossborder cooperation 

� Image of the region 

Table 106 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


� Tourism development/activities coordination 

� Regional awareness of drawing EU funds 

� Tourism staff qualification 

� Offer of accommodation <strong>and</strong> catering facilities 

� Offer of complementary tourism services 

Opportunities Threats 

� UNESCO nomination 

� Ecotourism development 

� Development of cooperation with Germany 

� Active approach of the city Děčín to development of sustainable 

tourism 

� Support of ecological means of transport 

� Non-regulated tourism development 

� Automobile load increase of the area 

� Dispersion of tourist flow at the NP area borders 

� Deepening of seasonal character of visit rate 

� Extensive construction in core <strong>and</strong> buffering zone 

Source: ČSÚ 31.12.2008 (Ústí Region), Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, p.b.o.

2.3.4. Analysis of governance system 

Table 107 Analysis of governance system (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) 


Presence <strong>and</strong> structure of existent 

Destination Management 

Organisations 

Analysis of the decision-making 

process 

Financial support to the development 

of the area 

� Legal form 

NGO managed by a board (board of directors <strong>and</strong> 

steering group) 

� Corporate membership 

65 

� Goals <strong>and</strong> strategy 

Synergy <strong>and</strong> coordination in destination marketing, 

integrated regional mobility, project <strong>and</strong> product 

development. 

� Function (promotion, product development, sales, 

market research, etc) 

Marketing <strong>and</strong> PR agency, product development <strong>and</strong> 

implementation, fundraising, information <strong>and</strong> guide 

services, educational services. 

� Budget <strong>and</strong> financing mechanism 

60 000 EUR, contracted membership contribution 

� Number <strong>and</strong> profile of stakeholders acting in the 

context 

100 stakeholders: entrepreneurs, municipalities, 

protected areas administrations etc. 

� Number <strong>and</strong> profile of stakeholders involved in the 

governance decisions 

25 actively involved decision makers: 10 key 

municipalities, 10 key entrepreneurs, National Park 

administration etc. 

10 key decision makers: NGO founders (National Park 

Administration, city council, NGO), regional authority, 

sponsors, 2 key municipalities, 2 key enterpreneurs 

� Actions <strong>and</strong> projects supported, amount of money 

invested by private players <strong>and</strong> Public 

EU, GEF <strong>and</strong> national projects in total volume of 40 

mil. EUR in last 10 years. 

Private players <strong>and</strong> public: 20 mil. EUR in last 10 

years. 

� Administration 

20 mil. EUR in last ten years. 

All rough estimate 

Source: Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, p.b.o. 


113

2.4. PP5 - MARSHAL’S OFFICE OF OPOLSKIE 

REGION 13 

An advantage of the Opolskie Voivodeship is the fact that it has conditions for the 

development in such fields as tourism, recreation <strong>and</strong> sports services. That situation is caused by 

the fact that the area is attractive <strong>and</strong> diversified as far as natural, l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>and</strong> cultural assets are 

regarded. Moreover, it features various cultural <strong>and</strong> tourist sites. The present state of infrastructure 

related to tourism, recreation <strong>and</strong> sport, however, does not allow to fully exploit these assets <strong>and</strong> can 

be described as insufficient <strong>and</strong> unsatisfactory. The example of such state is definitely the Odra river 

which is not sufficiently exploited as a tourism region’s attraction. The identified chance for tourism 

development is a creation of the attractive <strong>and</strong> competitive tourism product <strong>and</strong> sentimental tourism 

development. Unfortunately, the quality of tourist facilities, in particular accommodation <strong>and</strong> catering 

services are poor. Measures taken up to construct new tourist, recreational <strong>and</strong> sports facilities of 

regional importance, to stop the gradual degradation <strong>and</strong> deterioration of the existing facilities <strong>and</strong> to 

fully exploit them for tourist, hotel, catering, recreational <strong>and</strong> sports purposes, will contribute to an 

increase in economic activity of the region, as well as its attractiveness <strong>and</strong> competitiveness. They are 

to strengthen the role of tourism, recreation <strong>and</strong> sport as factors which positively affect socioeconomic 

development of the voivodeship, including first of all creation of new, better workplaces. 

In 2008 the region had 32 hotels, motels <strong>and</strong> boarding houses <strong>and</strong> 85 other accommodations. 

There was 75 689 beds with approximately 65 per average accommodation. In the period 1995-2008 

the number of accommodations decreased by 46. The situation can be explained by the fall in 

dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> lack of financial support for those buildings’ renovations. Generally, the accommodation 

system is considered as a very weak branch of tourism in Opolskie Region. In 2008 the average 

accommodation per 100 km2 was 1-2, when an average in Pol<strong>and</strong> is 2-4 accommodations per 100 km 

2 <strong>and</strong> in the European Union countries there are more that 11 accommodation per 100 km2. In 

Opolskie Region sport <strong>and</strong> recreation infrastructure is relatively evenly located. However, there is a 

lack of sports halls, swimming pools, ice rinks <strong>and</strong> tennis courts. 

Number of arrivals of Polish visitors in Opolskie Region was about 0,7 million. Quarter of 

them stayed more than 5 days. The most frequently Polish visitors in the region are inhabitants of 

neighboring regions – Lower <strong>and</strong> Upper Silesia as well as from Mazovia. The arrival’s purpose was 

usually family <strong>and</strong> friend visits. It is estimated that the number of Polish people coming for tourism 

purposes is about 0,18 million <strong>and</strong> duration of stay is 2-4 days. The characteristic feature of Opolskie 

Region is the lowest percentage of long stays organized by Travel Agencies <strong>and</strong> at the same time one 

of the highest percentage of long stays organized by schools, work establishments <strong>and</strong> other 

institutions. During short visits the tourists more rarely than tourists in other regions stayed overnight 

in group accommodations (the lowest percentage in Pol<strong>and</strong>). The percentage of long term arrivals in 

the autumn <strong>and</strong> short-term arrivals in the summer was the lowest in Pol<strong>and</strong>. 

In 2008 Opolskie Region was visited by 0,3 million foreign tourists. More than half of them 

were German people who came to see theirs families or friends. The percentage of people coming for 

shopping purposes was the lowest in Pol<strong>and</strong>. It is estimated that there was only 35 000 people who 

visited the region for tourism purposes. Average of expenditures per person <strong>and</strong> per one day is the 

lowest in Pol<strong>and</strong>. Expenditure for accommodations <strong>and</strong> catering services is below the average in 

Pol<strong>and</strong>. The Opolskie Region has the smallest collective accommodation base concerning the number 



114

of beds. In 2008 the biggest number of beds was offered by hotels, camping, training <strong>and</strong> recreation 

centres. These tree types of accommodations accumulated more than half of accommodation 

resources of the whole region. 

In Opolskie Region is the lowest rate of use of facilities in Pol<strong>and</strong>. 

Analysis of travel agencies’ market prove that in the region there are only 82 tourism enterprises 

which constitute 2,3 % of all enterprises in the region. It is the lowest number of tourist enterprises in 

comparison with other Polish regions. Only 12 of tourism entrepreneurs are authorized to run a 

business in the territory of Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 50 tourism entrepreneurs are authorized to run a business in 

European countries 

Study method 

Method is based on general method presented by University of Trento, the partner of the project, 

responsible for <strong>Research</strong> <strong>and</strong> Analysis. The main goal of the <strong>analysis</strong> is to define the 

tourism development management stimulators <strong>and</strong> determinants on the selected territories of Opolskie 


It is expected that thanks to the identification of objectives of the dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply according to 

sustainable tourism model, the tourism development will be more efficient. 

The research was based on cooperation with Local Action Groups which are competent <strong>and</strong> 

responsible for development of rural areas, including tourism development. 

The <strong>analysis</strong> was made on 4 territories: 

Nysko-Głuchołaski L<strong>and</strong> (2 LAGs) 

Kluczborsko-Oleski L<strong>and</strong> (2 LAGs) 

Euro Country (1 LAG) 

Dinosaurs L<strong>and</strong> (1 LAG) 

Cities (more the 20 000 inhabitants) located in theses territories were excluded from the research. 

Data presented in the document reflect the situation of 2008 <strong>and</strong> of the second quarter of the 2009. 

In the process of determination of trends data from the year 1995 <strong>and</strong> 2000 was taken into 

consideration. The data gathering <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> were based on 2 main information sources: 

Secondary sources- statistical data accessible in different institutions 

Primary sources - evaluation on data through the <strong>analysis</strong> process 

In the primal research the following research methods were used: 

� Survey - questionnaires were send to the most important tourism entrepreneurs 

(managers <strong>and</strong> owners of accommodations <strong>and</strong> restaurants), owners of agro tourism farms, 

culture institutions, NGO’s. The aim of the survey was to define the tourism potential, 

tourism offer <strong>and</strong> its rate of use. It enabled also to know the opinions of inhabitants <strong>and</strong> 

visitors on tourism potential of the region. There was also made an identification of the most 

important natural <strong>and</strong> anthropogenic advantages of the territory. Significant was also the 

<strong>analysis</strong> of the profile of visitors coming to the region. 


115

� Phone inquiry – was a complementing research. It helped to minimize the number of false 

information which could appear in consequence of misunderst<strong>and</strong>ing of some questions 

included in the questionnaire. 

� Consultations with experts – personal meetings with representatives of municipalities of the 

project territories 

� Study visits – estimation of infrastructure, particularly tourism. 

� Quality research personally conducted inquiry with representatives of different groups: 

tourists, entrepreneurs <strong>and</strong> community inhabitants. 


Four territories where chosen for the LISTEN project: 

Table 108 Characteristics of target territories (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 


1 


Kluczbork -Olesno L<strong>and</strong> 

“Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>” 

2 Type of territories Type 2 

3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High 

4 Defined border (single unit <strong>analysis</strong>) AD 4 

5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could 

be converted into accommodation 

High 

Source: marshal’s office of Opolskie region 

AD 3: there is 127 small associations acting in this area, one sport club <strong>and</strong> two Local Actions 

Groups. The main role is played by Local Tourism Organization of the Kluczbork- Olesno L<strong>and</strong> 

(Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>) which grow up from the local entrepreneurs <strong>and</strong> public actors. 

Last time the organization have been working on clustering idea. 

AD 4: the territory is situated in the in the northeastern part of the region. Borders of the l<strong>and</strong> refer to 

historical borders of entity which constitute socially, environmentally homogeneous unit. Low lying 

territory l<strong>and</strong>scape with a developed system of river. There is an important level of forestation (31 % 

of the total area) with the valuables, protected territories included into Natura 2000. 

Region is a kind of enclave characterized by beautiful monuments of wooden architecture. It is here 

where the trail of wooden chapels starts Last time there were constructed the knight burg which 

constitute an important centre of knight tournament in Europe. 

The characteristic of the region is beekeeping which became a part local tradition (famous dr Jan 

DzierŜon- bees life researcher lived here). 

The region is considered as marginal from the touristic point of view. Actually local stakeholders 

have stared to think about creating some tourist regional br<strong>and</strong> addressed to tourists interested in 

ecological style of life, agro tourism <strong>and</strong> hunting. 

AD 5: on the area there are some real estates which could be converted into accommodation. Some of 

them were already converted into restaurants. The characteristic of the local real estate is presence of 

dormant old water mills. 


116

Table 109 Characteristics of target territories (Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>) 


1 Territory Name Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong> 


3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources Medium 


5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into 



Medium 

AD 3: on the area there is about 140 associations, 8 micro – entrepreneurs (particularly services of 

tourist movements), 8 agro tourist farms (there is 367 in the whole region) 

The very important actor is DINOPARK ASSOCIATION which aims to manage this territory <strong>and</strong> 

create scientific basis of the dinosaurs fossils that have been discovered recently. 

AD 4: the borders of the Dinosaurs L<strong>and</strong> correspond with borders of influence of Local Activity 

Group called Dinosaurs L<strong>and</strong>. It is an area laying in the valley of Mala Panew river characterized by 

presence of numerous canals <strong>and</strong> iron industry. 

AD 5: there is a medium presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation. There 

are some old, dormant ironworks buildings. 

Table 110 Characteristics of target territories (Nysa – Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong>) 


1 Territory Name Nysa- Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong> 


3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources High 


5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted into 



High 

AD 3: there is about 278 associations, 2 Local Action Groups <strong>and</strong> relatively high number of local 

small business of tourist sector. 

AD 4: the borders of the Nysa- Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong> correspond with borders of National Tourism 

Planning where the region is designed as a l<strong>and</strong> of particular tourism importance. The area covers 

Countryside Park – foot hills <strong>and</strong> Opawskie Mountains. The area is considered as a core of 

Euroregion Pradziad closed from the East with “tourism highway” running form Pol<strong>and</strong> to Czech 

Republic. 

AD 5: there is a high presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation: small 

chalets, cottages <strong>and</strong> barns. 


117

Table 111 Characteristics of target territories (Euro Country) 


1 Territory Name Euro Country 


3 Plurality of stakeholders who hold local resources medium 


5 Presence of small dimension real estates which could be converted 

into accommodation 


medium 

AD 3: on the area there are active informal groups acting on the solectwo level (unit smaller than 

commune) which work in favor of rural development in frame of Village Renewal Program. What is 

more there is Local Activity Group called Euro Country which based their strategy on tourism 

development. There is about 15 enterprises of the tourism sector. 

AD 4:the borders of the area correspond with borders of Local Activity Group. The area lying 

between part of Oder <strong>and</strong> its supply- Osobłoga. The characteristic element of countryside are villages 

which retained its historical spatial arrangement. Lately local stakeholders renewed the old tradition 

of horse farming. 

AD 5: there is a medium presence of real estate that could be converted into accommodation: barns, 

cottages. 


118


Territory 1: Kluczbork -Olesno L<strong>and</strong> (“Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>”) 

Table 112 Geographical data (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

Characteristics Data 

Average altitude 170-280 

Surface 1555 km 2 

Number of municipalities 9 

Accessibility 

Connections with the 

neighbouring areas 

Woods 

Access to the area is relatively good. Eastern part of the region is 

located on the 3 significant communication routes junction which 

are strategic roads. The roads technical condition varies. The 

problem is the fact that there are insufficient amount of car-parks 

<strong>and</strong> because of that the vehicles are parked in every possible place. 

That causes troubles for the tourists. 

In the western part of the area the significant, however located on 

the outskirts of the Voivodeship, town of Olesno through which 

runs the strategically Road. 

Access is fostered by the railway connections with Wrocław <strong>and</strong> 

Katowice (where airports are located). 

Through the area run Road nr 45 łódź – Opole, nr 11 Katowice- 

Poznań, <strong>and</strong> nr 42 Kluczbork – Wrocław. In the eastern part there is 

road nr 11 connecting Kołobrzeg – Poznań- Kluczbork – Olesno – 

Bytom. The voivodeship roads include: Nr 494 Bierdzany – Olesno 

– Częstochowa, Nr 487 Byczyna – Gorzów – Olesno i Nr 901 

Olesno – Dobrodzień –.Lubliniec – Olesno – Kluczbork – Poznań 

<strong>and</strong> Kalety – Wrocław – Mikołów. 

Access to the nearest airports in Katowice <strong>and</strong> Wrocław takes about 

2-2,5 hours by car. Lack of direct public communication with 

airports. 

33,66 % . The forest complexes with numerous nature reserves are 

very attractive for the mushroom pickers – those areas are 

abounding with mushrooms <strong>and</strong> undergrowth. The woods are full 

with forest game which is a great attraction for the hunters. Nature 

reserve in BaŜany – natural pine forest st<strong>and</strong> with a significant 

amount of juniper. In the reserve occur protected plants: stiff 

clubmoss <strong>and</strong> alder buckthorn. In the park appear also 50 species of 

protected plants <strong>and</strong> about 140 species of rare plants. In the park 

there are also 220 species of protected animals <strong>and</strong> about 140 birds, 

including 21 worldly endangered species. 

Farming areas 

10988 farms (14,75 of the total region’s area) farms under 1 hectare 

constitute 26,67 % of the total number of farms 

Urban surface 3,60 % 



119

Table 113 Socio-economic data (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

Population (Inhabitants) Data 

Total population of entire region percent/ 

rural population percentage 

Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years - 2,86 

Migrations - 1,5 

Deaths <strong>and</strong> births index - 1,39 

Age structure 

0-14 15,62 

15-19 7,41 

20-29 16,35 

30-39 14,22 

40-59 28,61 

60-64 3,61 

65> 14,17 

Age index relation of the number of people aged 

65 <strong>and</strong> more to the number of children 0-14 

multiplied by 100 

Social burden index relation of the not-working 

population In the age of (over 14 <strong>and</strong> below 65 

years old) <strong>and</strong> the working population multiplied 

by 100 

9,36% / rural population 11,5 % 

90,75 

42,43 

Level of deviation No data available 

Population density 63/km2 

Economic Data 

Unemployment 4 277 

Local enterprises total 7453 Small, medium, big 

Farming, hunting, forestry 606 

Industry 

total 

industrial processing 

872 

859 

Building industry 981 

Commerce <strong>and</strong> repairs 2186 

Hotels <strong>and</strong> restaurants 203 

Transport, storage <strong>and</strong> communication 388 

Financial service 229 

Estates <strong>and</strong> companies service 834 

Presence of renewable energy systems No subject 

Sustainable transport systems No subject 



120

Table 114 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation) 

Kluczbork -Olesno L<strong>and</strong> “Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>” 

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

hotel accommodations overnights 10 706 5963 8729 10272 9759 7060 3833 5579 6915 4504 12269 12878 9299 9240 10706 

non-hotel accommodations overnights 3 894 2396 2532 2447 1928 532 2078 3745 9217 13984 11168 6144 6391 4821 3894 

hotel arrivals 32 773 0 0 18079 19050 14942 13068 7047 8754 8913 17957 18716 19713 28672 32773 

non-hotel arrivals 5 308 11549 10256 14928 5570 3748 3158 5684 13234 15652 13825 7920 8178 6616 5308 

Average duration of stay (in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations) 

average duration of stay in hotel accommodations 3 0 0 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 3 

average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations 1 5 4 6 3 7 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) 

number of hotel accommodations 5 4 4 5 5 6 3 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 

number of non-hotel accommodations 5 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 7 6 6 6 5 5 

Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) 

total number of beds 267 620 628 693 589 437 312 316 332 363 379 417 411 367 367 

number of beds in hotel accommodations 153 216 220 281 194 223 124 106 106 85 143 153 153 153 153 

number of beds in non-hotel accommodations 214 404 408 412 395 214 188 210 226 278 236 264 258 214 214 

Average size of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations 

average size of hotel accommodations 30,6 54 55 56,2 38,8 37,2 41,3 26,5 35,3 28,3 28,6 30,6 30,6 30,6 30,6 

average size of non-hotel accommodations 42,8 101 102 82,4 79 71,3 62,7 52,5 45,2 39,7 39,3 44 43 42,8 42,8 

Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) 

rate of use [in %] 28 5 4 13 11 12 14 11 18 19 23 18 19 26 28 

Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide 

Generally families <strong>and</strong> individual tourists who get information about the region form their friends. The most of visitors come in i spring time <strong>and</strong> summer time <strong>and</strong> 

the aim of arrival are usually family visits <strong>and</strong> the will to participate in local events During the whole school year there are a lot of school groups coming for 

qualitative information if there are no research data. 

educational excursions. 

Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region <strong>and</strong> of Silesia. Foreign tourists come usually from Germany (60 % of all foreign tourists), Czech Republic, 

France, Netherl<strong>and</strong>s. There are some visitors form other countries coming especially for International Cup in horse-riding. 

Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative Demographic criteria: Usually youths <strong>and</strong> pupils who benefit from educational offer <strong>and</strong> the retired. Rarely there are visits from families with children 

information if there are no research data 

Quantitative criteria: Individuals, hunters, school groups, chivalric brotherhood’s members 

Trail of the Wooden Churches, exhibitions <strong>and</strong> plenary events referring to honey <strong>and</strong> milk traditional production, chivalric Festivals <strong>and</strong> other events. Good work of 

Local Tourism organization of Kluczbork - Olesno L<strong>and</strong> which works on creation of a strong br<strong>and</strong> of the territory. Last year was created the name “Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey 

Current product <strong>and</strong> description of good practice 

L<strong>and</strong>”. 

Source: marshal’s office of Opolskie region Legend: 


Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation

Duration of stay 

Number 

Number 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

16000 

14000 

12000 

10000 

8000 

6000 

4000 

2000 

0 

35000 

30000 

25000 

20000 

15000 

10000 

5000 

0 

Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations 

overnights for respective areas of <strong>analysis</strong> of 

"Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" in the years 1995-2008 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

Number of overnights in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel 

accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in 

"Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

hotel 

accommoda 

tions 

overnights 

non-hotel 

accommoda 


overnights 

hotel arrivals 

Average duration of stay in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel 

accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in 

"Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

non-hotel arrivals 

average 

duration of stay 

in hotel 


s 

average 


in non-hotel 


122

Number 

Number 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

450 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

Size 

120 

100 

80 

60 

40 

20 

Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the 

years 1995-2008 in "Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

Number of beds in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in 

the years 1995-2008 in "Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

0 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

Average size of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in 

the years 1995-2008 in "Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

number of hotel 


s 

number of non- 

number of beds 

in hotel 


s 


average size of 

hotel 

accommodations 





123

Rate of use [in %] 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

1995 

Rate of use of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the 

years 1995-2008 in "Kluczbork-Olesno L<strong>and</strong>" 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 


2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 


Territory 2: Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 

2007 

Table 115 Geographical data (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 



Surface 805 km 2 


Accessibility 



Quite good exterior access, that enables access to all towns in 

the region. In the neighbouring area runs the A4 motorway 

<strong>and</strong> quit good road infrastructure, however, there are still 

places that need to be improved. The biggest transport 

potential has the neighbouring A4 motorway which eventually 

is going to be a Polish fragment of the longest European route. 

The infrastructure is quite good, however, it is also diversified. 

In the neighbouring area (20, 30 km) runs A4 motorway that 

enables good Access from various parts of the country. In the 

Kolonowskie Community is located a significant road junction 

in Fosowskie – there are connections with Upper <strong>and</strong> Lower 

Silesia as well as to the Polish capital city – Warsaw. 

Forest constitute less than 60% of the whole region’s area. The 

area is located in the boundaries of Protected Area of 

Stobrawsko-Turawskich Forest L<strong>and</strong>scape, because of what its 

biggest advantage is the location among the forest <strong>and</strong> water 

reservoirs complex. The area of Protected Area of Stobrawsko- 

Turawskich Forest is located mainly in the Mała Panew river 

Woods 

area, with the exception of open areas. In the majority of forest 

areas the dominant tree (97%) is pine, <strong>and</strong> the supplementary 

kinds are oak, alder, <strong>and</strong> birch. As far as the age is considered 

the predominating (40%) are II age class (to 40 years) which 

occupy less than 55% of the acreage. Trees older than 80 years, 

which are the most economically <strong>and</strong> ecologically valuable 

constitute about 18%. 

Farming areas 7 363 from which 44,56 % are farms below 1 hectare 

Urban surface 11,80% 


2008 

124

Table 116 Socio-economic data (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 


Total population of entire region percent/ rural 

population percentage 


Migrations -1,4 

Deaths <strong>and</strong> births index -0,90 

Age structure 

0-14 13,43 

15-19 7,91 

20-29 15,23 

30-39 14,19 

40-59 27,34 

60-64 7,14 

65> 14,77 

Age index relation of the number of people aged 65 

<strong>and</strong> more to the number of children 0-14 multiplied by 

100 


population In the age of (over 14 <strong>and</strong> below 65 years 

old) <strong>and</strong> the working population multiplied by 100 

Level of deviation 

6,79 / rural population (8,39) 

110,02 

39,27 

Population density 88/m2 


Unemployment 1344 

Local enterprises total 4452 Small, medium, big 

Forming, hunting, forestry 287 

Industry 

total 


620 

608 











125

Table 117 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 


1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

hotel accommodations overnights 10 002 1923 2783 3256 3783 1917 2910 1605 2539 4013 4531 4679 4761 6261 10002 

non-hotel accommodations overnights 10 441 26456 22010 18667 19820 13017 6816 10924 10360 14189 12516 10026 10355 9912 10441 

hotel arrivals 7066 0 0 6710 7687 4448 5442 2072 3674 5166 6577 7553 7290 6466 7066 

non-hotel arrivals 36 310 173416 157535 90202 112213 90373 43868 42261 38058 38246 38720 28980 30262 37127 36310 


average duration of stay in hotel accommodations 1 2,061 2,032 2,320 1,870 1,291 1,447 1,287 1,452 1,614 1,531 1,033 0,706 

average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations 3 6,555 7,157 4,832 5,662 6,943 6,436 3,869 3,674 2,695 3,094 2,890 2,922 3,746 3,478 









average size of hotel accommodations 38 34,000 44,667 50,000 51,500 51,500 50,000 54,000 38,500 39,500 37,000 37,000 37,000 36,000 38,000 

average size of non-hotel accommodations 45,3 65,600 63,171 64,289 58,211 56,867 56,167 56,583 58,545 51,429 49,375 44,385 47,308 45,417 45,273 


rate of use [in %] 19,40 17,87 15,84 10,44 14,19 14,36 17,45 16,57 15,89 14,89 14,36 15,37 14,93 18,29 19,42 

Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, 

etc).Qualitative information if there are no research data. 

Reference market (international, domestic). Provide 

qualitative information if there are no research data 


In the summer time there are usually individuals <strong>and</strong> families for weekend. In the summer there are also organized groups of pupils (holiday camps) (stay=2 weeks). The important 

group of visitors constitutes participants of training courses organized in local training centres. 

Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region <strong>and</strong> of Upper Silesia (south-eastern part) 

Foreign tourists usually come from Germany <strong>and</strong> Netherl<strong>and</strong>s. 

Demographic criteria: Usually youth <strong>and</strong> pupils, families with children <strong>and</strong> the retired coming for short visits by Turawskie Lake. 

Quantitative criteria: Couples <strong>and</strong> families, the new group constitutes archaeologists coming to work on dinosaurs excavations in Krasiejów 

Caneing trip, fishing events, regattas turawskie Lake 

New offer coming Jurassic Park in Krasiejów 



Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation 


Number 


Number 

30000 

25000 

20000 

15000 

10000 

5000 


overnights for respective areas of <strong>analysis</strong> of 

"Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>" in the years 1995-2008 

0 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

hotel 

accommoda 


overnights 


accommoda 


overnights 


accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur 

L<strong>and</strong>" 

200000 

150000 

100000 

8 

7 

6 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

50000 

0 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 




accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur 

L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

average 


in hotel 


s 

average 




s 


128

Size 

Number 

Number 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

3000 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

70,000 

60,000 

50,000 

40,000 

30,000 

20,000 

10,000 

0,000 

0 


years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


the years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


the years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 



s 

number of nonhotel 


s 


in hotel 


s 




s 


hotel 






129


25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 


years 1995-2008 in "Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 


2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 


Territory 3: Nysa – Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong> 

2007 

Table 118 Geographical data (Nysa - Glucholazy) 



Surface 1090 m2 


Accessibility 



Good access, the area from the east is closed by the “tourist motorway” 

from Pol<strong>and</strong> to Czech Republic. In addition, since 2 years there is a 

railway frontier crossing. In the frames of interregional cooperation are 

organized tourist trains through the Polish-Czech frontier. 

The main elements of the communication network of the regional 

significance are strategic road nr 41 Nysa – Prudnik – Trzebinia – 

country’s frontier, strategic road nr 46 Kłodzko – Otmuchów – Nysa – 

Niemodlin – Opole – Częstochowa, 

- voivodeship Road nr 407Nysa – Korfantów – Łącznik; 

- voivodeship road nr 406 Nysa – Jasienica Dolna –Włostowa; 

- voivodeship Road nr 411Nysa –Głuchołazy – country’s 

frontier , 

Railway network was shortened, because of the decrease in goods <strong>and</strong> 

passenger transport in the years 1991-2000 for 30% <strong>and</strong> 50%, 

respectively. The current railway network consists of: -independent 

railway line Kędzierzyn Koźle – Nysa – Kłodzko - railway line Nysa – 

Opole, - single-track railway line Nysa – Głuchołazy, 

12,43 % There are 5 nature reserves. The main kinds are: European 

beech, pedunculate oak, silver birch. From the coniferous trees: Norway 

Woods 

spruce, scots pine <strong>and</strong> European larch. In the Blok reserve, that is 

diverse in terms of species <strong>and</strong> age, grow monumental specimens of 

oaks, ashes <strong>and</strong> larches. 

Farming areas 9 505 of farms from which 46,68 % are smaller than 1 hectare 



2008 

130

Table 119 Socio-economic data (Nysa - Glucholazy) 

Demography Data 

Total population of entire region percent/ rural 


Birth-rate in the time of the last 10 years. - 4,23 


Deaths <strong>and</strong> births index -1,98 

0-14 14,92 

15-19 8,33 

20-29 13,14 

Age structure 

30-39 13,14 

40-59 31,96 

60-64 3,58 

65> 14,93 



100 


99,81 

population In the age of (over 14 <strong>and</strong> below 65 years 


42,22 




Unemployment 4990 

12 367 Small 

Local enterprise total 

Medium 

Big 


Industry 

total 


724 

715 










9, 02 / rural population 11,14 % 


131

Table 120 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Nysa - Glucholazy) 


1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

hotel accommodations overnights 6956 2639 11586 10698 8641 5907 4728 4118 0 2587 6674 6921 5024 6571 6956 

non-hotel accommodations overnights 58098 48840 50661 36112 43865 39251 31483 30507 27140 35697 35675 39222 52443 53436 58098 

hotel arrivals 5678 0 0 20113 10860 7977 8661 6961 0 6532 15464 15795 13720 10945 5676 

non-hotel arrivals 39089 26672 245501 160154 195385 180898 130154 134659 116279 23988 21899 10706 22145 24213 39089 


in hotel accommodations 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 2 2 1 

in non-hotel accommodations 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 2 0 3 2 2 3 2 1 









average size of hotel accommodations 36,3 32,700 37,600 42,800 14,800 21,800 7,800 15,500 79,500 50,300 68,300 50,300 37,700 46,500 36,300 



rate of use [in %] 4,48 1,910 17,800 13,580 14,850 16,620 17,840 16,250 17,580 2,920 3,290 2,680 3,640 3,510 4,480 

Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, 

groups, etc). Provide qualitative information if there 

are no research data. 

Reference market (international, domestic). Provide 

qualitative information if there are no research data 

Families for weekend stay, youth <strong>and</strong> school groups for holiday camps <strong>and</strong> for nature classes the retired. Duration of stay of the visitors decreased. The reason of this 

situation is lack of financial support for modernization of infrastructure. 

Geographic criteria: Visitors usually from neighbouring regions, including Czech Republic. Other foreign tourists come from Germany, Netherl<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Ukraine. 

Demographic criteria: Usually youths, pupils coming for short holiday <strong>and</strong> the retired 

Quantitative criteria: School groups <strong>and</strong> families with children 

Events like Nysa’s Stronghold’s Days <strong>and</strong> Summer of Flowers, regattas on Nysa <strong>and</strong> Otmuchowskie lakes 

Trails: Golden train of miners, green education trails, Polish – Czech trails for various sports enthusiasts (cyclists, skiers etc) 




Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation


Number 

Number 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 


overnights for respective areas of <strong>analysis</strong> of "Nysa- 

Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" in the years 1995-2008 

70000 

60000 

50000 

40000 

30000 

20000 

10000 

0 

300000 

250000 

200000 

150000 

100000 

50000 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

Years 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in "Nysa- 

Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

0 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

Years 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

hotel 

accommodat 

ions 

overnights 


accommodat 

ions 

overnights 




accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in "Nysa- 

Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

average 


in hotel 


s 

average 




s 


133

Size 

Number 

Number 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

4000 

3500 

3000 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 


years 1995-2008 in "Nysa-Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

500 

0 

200,000 

180,000 

160,000 

140,000 

120,000 

100,000 

80,000 

60,000 

40,000 

20,000 

0,000 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


the years 1995-2008 in "Nysa-Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


the years 1995-2008 in "Nysa-Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 



s 



s 


in hotel 


s 




s 


hotel 






134

Rate of use [w %] 

20,000 

18,000 

16,000 

14,000 

12,000 

10,000 

8,000 

6,000 

4,000 

2,000 

0,000 


years 1995-2008 in "Nysa-Głuchołazy L<strong>and</strong>" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 


2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 


Territory 4: Euro Country 

Table 121 Geographical data (Euro Country) 



Surface 754 m2 


Accessibility 



Very good exterior access to all towns of the area. In the 

neighbourhood there is A4 motorway <strong>and</strong> the only full-goods 

frontier crossing between Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Czech Republic in 

Trzebinia. In the northern part of the area is located Kędzierzyn 

Koźle – one of the biggest train junctions in the voivodeship. 

The biggest possibilities in the field of road transport create A4 

motorway, crossing the l<strong>and</strong> in the region’s neighbourhood. This 

road is going to become a Polish fragment of the longest 

European route E40. When the road is finished it is going to 

connect the Polish-German frontier crossing in Jędzrzychowice 

with the one in Korczowa on the Polish-Ukraine border. The 

most important roads are E45 Racibórz-Opole, Kluczbork, 

Wieluń, Złoczew. 

E 40 connects the area with the Upper Silesian Industry Area 

<strong>and</strong> with the frontier crossing with Czech Republic in 

Głuchołazy. 

Railway connections are Kedzierzyn Koźle- Opole, <strong>and</strong> 

Legnica-Katowice. The city has also connections with such 

municipalities like Szczecin, Wrocław, Kraków <strong>and</strong> Przemyśl 

Woods 13,26 

Farming areas 7227 from which 49,84 % are farms below 1 ha 



2007 

2008 

135

Table 122 Socio-economic data (Euro Country) 


Total population of entire region percentage/ rural 




Deaths <strong>and</strong> births index 1,14 

Age structure 

0-14 14,39 

15-19 7,84 

20-29 15,43 

30-39 13,98 

40-59 28,40 

60-64 3,43 

65> 16,53 



100 


population in the age of (over 14 <strong>and</strong> below 65 years 



5,30 / 6,54 rural population 

114,84 

44,75 



Unemployment 2 139 

Local enterprises - total 3006 


Industry 

total 


308 

257 











136

Table 123 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Euro Country) 

Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of accommodation 

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 

hotel accommodations overnights - 723 1252 1179 482 0 244 63 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 

non-hotel accommodations overnights 1170 118 37 67 514 691 845 992 1864 1964 1406 987 954 1021 1170 

hotel arrivals - 0 1243 656 0 300 63 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

non-hotel arrivals 1568 162 37 69 539 656 889 992 2018 2132 1579 1177 1119 1178 1568 


average duration of stay in hotel accommodations - 0,000 1,007 1,797 0,000 0,000 3,873 0,207 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 

average duration of stay in non-hotel accommodations 1 0,728 1,000 0,971 0,954 1,053 0,951 1,000 0,924 0,921 0,890 0,839 0,853 0,867 0,746 


number of hotel accommodations - 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 




number of beds in hotel accommodations - 16 27 30 18 0 12 12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 



average size of hotel accommodations - 16,000 13,500 15,000 9,000 0,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000 


Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days 

rate of use [in %] 9 1,083 6,744 2,879 1,779 5,694 3,674 5,922 6,143 8,227 6,759 5,863 6,257 6,587 8,767 

Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). 

Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. 

Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative 

information if there are no research data 


Mainly visits of horse riding enthusiasts – families <strong>and</strong> organized groups. Peak- time of arrivals is summer time when the events are organized. The aim of visits is to 

participate in the horse riding championships <strong>and</strong> to learn <strong>and</strong> practise horse riding. More <strong>and</strong> more important group of visitors are families which come with 

children for therapeutic horseback riding 

Geographic criteria: Inhabitants of the Opolskie Region <strong>and</strong> of Upper Silesia (south-eastern part); Foreign tourists come usually from Germany <strong>and</strong> Czech 

Republic. There are some visitors from other countries coming especially for the horse riding International Cup. 

Demographic criteria: Usually youth <strong>and</strong> pupils who benefit from educational offer as well as families with children. Visitors’ financial status is very different 

(form the highest to the lowest level) 

Quantitative criteria: Couples <strong>and</strong> families 

- International Cups in Horse riding, horse- riding educational offer, traditional events 

Main barriers low level of services <strong>and</strong> lack of information system for tourists. 


Source: marshal’s office of Opolskie region Legend 

Downward tendency Upward tendency Stagnation 


Number 

5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

Number 


5 

4 

3 

2 

1 

0 

1995 

1996 


accommodations in the years 1995-2008 in "Euro 

Country" 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the years 1995- 

2008 in "Euro Country" 

Size 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

0 

30,000 

25,000 

20,000 

15,000 

10,000 

5,000 

Number of overnights in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the 

years 1995-2008 in "Euro Country" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2002 

Years 

2003 

This project 0,000is 

implemented trough the CENTRAL EUROPE programme co-financed by ERDF 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

2007 

2008 




s 



s 

Average size of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the years 

1995-2008 in "Euro Country" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 


average 


in hotel 


s 

average 




s 


hotel 





139


Number 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 

10,000 

9,000 

8,000 

7,000 

6,000 

5,000 

4,000 

3,000 

2,000 

1,000 

0,000 

Number of beds in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations 

in the years 1995-2008 in "Euro Country" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 

2007 

2008 

Rate of use of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations in the years 1995- 

2008 in "Euro Country" 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

2001 


in hotel 


s 




s 


2002 

Years 

2003 

2004 

2005 

2006 


2007 

2008 

140


Territory 1: Kluczbork -Olesno L<strong>and</strong> (“Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>”) 


Table 124 Tourism Resource Database- (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

Natural resources Availability 

Current level of 

usage <strong>and</strong> visits 


Wołczyńska brine (natural salty Good Access. Railway <strong>and</strong> bus connections from different parts of the 3000 people a year Families 

water) – hot hyperthermal water 

country. Insufficient information on the Internet. 

Forest nature reserve BaŜanty 

Located in small town BaŜanty. Access by bus, car, bicycle. Few 

information signs. 

No data available Naturalists, school 

excursions. 

Forest nature reserves 

Possible bus <strong>and</strong> car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on No data available Naturalists, school 

„Krzywiczny” <strong>and</strong> Komorzno 

the Wołczyn Community website. 


Possible bus <strong>and</strong> car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on 

Floristic nature reserve Kamieniec 




Ecological small wood„Rozalia” 

Possible bus <strong>and</strong> car access. Marked bicycle routes. Detailed information on 




Good railway <strong>and</strong> bus connections. Good Road <strong>and</strong> railway connections About 2000 people a Mainly school groups, 

with Kluczbork (12 km, Wrocław, Opole, Kępno, further to Poznań. 

year 

individuals interested in 

Stobrawski L<strong>and</strong>scape Park Through the town runs strategic road nr 42 Kluczbork – Namysłów <strong>and</strong> 

railway line Lubliniec - Wrocław. Website with the full information. 

Appropriate tourist infrastructure. 

nature 

Biskupice- Brzózki Bay 

Very good. In the vicinity of Chivalric Castle in Byczyna. Plans of tourist 

infrastructure development around the reservoir. 

No data available Local inhabitants, 

families 

Młyny Reservoir 

Good access by car or bus. Car park by the reservoir. No data available Local inhabitants, 

families 

Psurów Reservoir 

Good access by car or bus. Car park near the reservoir. No data available Local inhabitants, 

families 

Reservoirs in Stare Olesno 

Very good Access by car, bicycle, bus. Infrastructure <strong>and</strong> tourist base 

around the lake. 

No data available Local inhabitants, 

families 

Post-mansion parks (18) in 

Good access by car, bicycle, good marking No data available Local inhabitants, 

Byczyna <strong>and</strong> Gorzów Śląski 

Community 

families 


Cultural resources Availability Owner <strong>and</strong> administration 




Currently there is hotel. Private owner 600 people a Lear, Families, local inhabitants, sometimes 

Open for general use 

individual visits. A 

foreign groups. 

Palace in Proślice- European 

few thous<strong>and</strong>s visits 

Chivalry Draft Centre 

the place during the 

courses <strong>and</strong> 

occasional feasts. 

Mansion in Uszyce 

School – educational 

centre 

The Order of School Brothers No data available Local inhabitants 

Antique watchtowers <strong>and</strong> customs 

official’s chambers 

Open for general use No data available No data available No data available 

Antique brickyards in Faustynianka 

na Gołkowice, lime kilns in 

Słownikowo 

Good access No data available No data available No data available 

Access by bus, car <strong>and</strong> 

bicycle. Marked wooden 

Parishes No data available The faithful 

Wooden Churches router (majority 

from XVI, XVII century) 

churches route. Open to 

visits only during the 

service or after 

previously arranged 

with the local parson. 

Wooden chivalrous castle in 

Byczyna 

Arranged in half- year 

advance if one wants to 

be served. Open 24/7. 

Culture Centre in Byczyna, 

Opolskie Chivalric 

Brotherhood 

42 000 Tourists from 25 countries (including 

Madagascar, USA, Portugal) 

Previously arranged Private company 500 people Individuals 

Apiary (bee yard) in Maciejów 

from 7.00 to 15.00. In 

the season also on 

Saturday. 

The blacksmith <strong>and</strong> 

Private owner No data available Interested people. 

XIX – century bakery <strong>and</strong> old bakery are located by 

blacksmith in Kuniów 

the bicycle route 

Kluczbork – Opole. 


Events Time 

Southern Pol<strong>and</strong> Jazz Meetings in 

Rudniki 

Polish Football veterans 

Championship 

International knightly tournament 

in Byczyna 

December 

June/July 

May (two days) 

Big honey harvest in Maciejów. August 

March to Grunwald June-July (14 days) 

International Lumberjack’s 

Championship in Bobrowa 

June/July 

Organization <strong>and</strong> 

administration 

Culture, Sport <strong>and</strong> Recreation 

Centre Rudniki 


Hetman Byczyna Football 

Club 



Brotherhood 

Apiary LAG Stobrawa River 

Valley 

Private Company 


Brotherhood. 

Fire brigade from Bobrowa, 

Co-organization: National 

Forests Authorities from 

Katowice, Forest inspectorate 

from Olesno, Rudniki 

Community, Culture Centre in 

Rudniki, Starostwo in Olesno, 

ZUL „Knieja Bobrowa” 

Number of local 

<strong>and</strong> external 

visitors 

The event has its 

climate, long tradition. 

Musicians from the 

whole country. About 

10 music groups. 

The rally is a annual 

event, which gathers 

to Byczyna veteran 

footballers from the 

whole country <strong>and</strong> 

from abroad. 

500 knights from 

Czech Republic 

15 000 spectators 



Jazz music enthusiasts, individuals. 

Matches are attended by a few thous<strong>and</strong>s 

of visitors. 

Families, individuals, enthusiasts. 

400 people Families, school groups. 

500 knights 

About 5000 guests 

About 40 contestants 

from different 

countries (Pol<strong>and</strong>, 

Slovakia, Czech 

Republic, Sweden, 

Austria, France) 

Knights, enthusiasts. 

Families, individual guests.

Service <strong>and</strong> attractions Availability Owner <strong>and</strong> administration 

Praszka Museum: different parts: 

Historical, ethnographical, natural, 

archaeological, artistic, echnological 

Bee-keeping exhibition 

Craft lessons (pottery, Easter craft) 

Honey inhalations in Maciejów 

Open to visits everyday 

from 7.00 to 15.00. 

After previously 

arranged 


arranged 





Community 8000 a year School groups 

Private company 200 people School groups 

Medieval draft lessons, courses Whole year 


Brotherhood 

3000 people a year Adolescents, adults 

International chivalric camps. From June-September 


Brotherhood 

3 x 70 people Adolescents 

Country chivalric courses From June-September 


Brotherhood 

5 x 42 people Adolescents 

Medieval cuisine presentations Whole year 


Brotherhood 

No data available School groups, individuals 

Catering service Type <strong>and</strong> quality Number of places Level of visits Type of visitors 

“Karczma Myśliwska” 

restaurant, Lasowice Wielkie 

Silesian cuisine, venison 

(forest game meat), 

50 people Over 200/ a week 

Various, individual guests, couples, 

families, organized groups, drivers who 

pass by the town. 

„Karczma Targowa” restaurant, 

Wołczyn 

Traditional, Silesian cuisine About 25 people Over 200/ a week 

Individuals, couples. Families, drivers 

who pass by the town. 

„Pod Winogronami” restaurant, 

Wołczyn 

Silesian, Italia cuisine 100 people Over 200/a week 

Individual guests, couples, families, 

organized groups. 

„Granpol” restaurant, 

Wołczyn 

Hungarian, Polish, Silesian 

cuisine. 


Individual guests , couples, families, 

individual guests. 

Italian, Polish cuisine. 

Individual guests, couples, families, 

„Arkadia” restaurant, Wołczyn Specialty: Pork loins in the About 60 people Over 200/a week organized groups, foreign guests. Menu in 

mushroom sauce. 

foreign language. 

„Stara Karczma” restaurant, Restaurant arranged in a 

To 60 people About 200/ a week Individual guests, couples, families, 

Chocianowice 

Silesian style. Silesian 

organized groups, foreign guests. 

cuisine. Specialty: Roulade 

Restaurant open everyday. No closed 

with dumplings <strong>and</strong> red 

parties.

„Tara” Fast food bar, Praszka 

„Kmicic” restaurant, Praszka 


cabbage, Ŝurek soup (sour 

rye soup), sauerkraut with 

pork ribs. 

Bar cuisine, dinner sets e.g. 

Ŝurek soup (sour rye soup), 

tripe, cabbage stew, 

shashlik, fast food etc. 

Polish traditional cuisine. 

Specialty: Home-made 

Częstochowski Ŝurek soup 

(sour rye soup), miner’s 

pork loin, Bavarian. 

About 40 people About 100/ a week 


„Pizzeria Malaika”, Praszka Fast food bar, pizza. 56 people 200/a week 

"Złota Kaczka" restaurant – 

motel Mirowszczyzna next to 

Rudniki 

"Chata Romana" restaurant, 

Jaworzno next to Rudniki 

"Nad Stawem" hotel-restaurant, 

Bogacica 

“Gościniec Staropolski” 

restaurant, Ligota Górna k. 

Bąkowa 

„Grodzka” hotel-resteurant, 

Byczyna 

Polish traditional cuisine. 

Pork loin on a pancake 

pepper sauce. 

Typical Polish cuisine. 

Specialty: Ŝurek soup (sour 

rye soup). 

Silesian, Bavarian cuisine. 

Specialty: Bavarian 

knuckle of pork with beer. 

European cuisine. 

Specialty: Hetman’s pan. 


150 people About 200/ a week 

100 people 150-200/a week 


Silesian cuisine 100 people 250/ a week 


Individual guests, organized groups, 

pilgrims, excursion groups, couples, 

families. 

Mainly organized groups, canteen, 

catering service, individual guests, City, 

Starostwo Authorities delegations, 

Foreign guests, families, couples, 

individual guests, drivers who pass by the 

town. 

Various, individual guests, couples, 

families, organized groups, foreign guests, 

drivers who pass by the town. 

Mainly organized groups, excursion 

groups, pilgrims, individual guests, 

drivers who pass by the town, couples, 

families, foreign guests 

Excursion groups, foreign guests, 

families, couples, business trips.. 

Excursion groups, foreign groups, 

families, local guests, drivers who pass by 

the town. 

Organized groups, individual guests, 

families, couples, drivers who pass by the 

town, foreign guests.


Table 125 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES 

� A significant potential of natural environment including: 

• considerable level of l<strong>and</strong>scape qualities diversity 

• vast forest areas abounding with fair game <strong>and</strong> 

undergrowth; 

• thermal water sources in Wołczyn Community 

� Relatively rich with cultural material <strong>and</strong> non-material heritage 

including: 

• numerous of interesting <strong>and</strong> unique antiques, mainly 

wooden churches <strong>and</strong> post manor complexes; 

• bee-keeping traditions connected with the character of 

priest DzierŜon – the father of beekeeping; 

• well-preserved traces of various nationalities, cultures 

<strong>and</strong> religions presence; 

� Products that are well-identified by the tourists: including: 

• Linear - the wooden churches router, children <strong>and</strong> 

adolescents didactic routes; 

• Places/events – unique buildings in Byczyna + newlybuild 

medieval style wooden chivalric castle; Maciejów – 

outside regional capital of beekeeping, Baków – Sport 

<strong>and</strong> Recreation Centre; 

• Forms of tourism – stays in eco <strong>and</strong> agrotourism farms, 

which serve regional cuisine 

� considerable local authorities involvement in the areas tourist 

function development including: 

• fostering of bottom-up initiatives <strong>and</strong> non-government 

organization’s functioning; 

• relatively great amount of planned investments, that 

improve the tourist <strong>and</strong> para-tourist infrastructure, mainly 

outsider <strong>and</strong> inside tourist accessibility; 

� effective activity of the Kluczbork-Olesno Tourist Organization in 

terms of collaborative creation of local br<strong>and</strong> goods <strong>and</strong> 

development of various forms of their promotion; 

� 

� weak routes <strong>and</strong> tourist trails infrastructure; 

� weak <strong>and</strong> not homogenous marking of tourist objects <strong>and</strong> tourist destination places; 

� gradual process of accommodation-catering infrastructure st<strong>and</strong>ards enforcement; 

� absence of tourist information centre 

� the shape of antique buildings that requires renovation modernization 

� insufficient number <strong>and</strong> unequal placement of accommodations; 

� insufficient capacity <strong>and</strong> unequal placement of gastronomic base; 

� absence of local guide services; 

� insufficient amount of sport-recreation in tourist reception places 

� insufficiently elaborated event schedule 


OPPORTUNITIES THREATS 

� Increase of the tourism role in government <strong>and</strong> local government 

programme, including local <strong>and</strong> regional products developments 

within the framework of public-private partnership; 

� Increase of external financial support (from local governments <strong>and</strong> 

European Unison) for development of tourist-recreation functions 

in the region; 

� Development of abroad cooperation with Germany, Czech 

Republic, Ukraine; 

� Beneficial tendencies in terms of number of tourists from 

Germany, Czech, Ukraine, France 

� Region’s culinary heritage that enables the creation of an 

interesting gastronomic offer; 

� Development of tourist accessibility through facilitating access 

tourist transport junctures like airports; 

� Change of trends <strong>and</strong> tendencies in world tourism beneficial for: 

• Rest in quiet places – in secure contact with nature <strong>and</strong> 

local culture, 

• Growing tourist activity, 

• Intensified dem<strong>and</strong> stay for weekend trips, 

• Growing stay for complex packages of touristrecreational 

services, 

• Development of family tourism, 

• Growing dem<strong>and</strong> for services connected with physical 

<strong>and</strong> mental health, including young people; 

• Growing dem<strong>and</strong> for ecological food; 

� More efficient operating operation of Polish Tourist Organization 

<strong>and</strong> improvement of Polish tourism’s picture in world markets; 

� Gradual getting richer of united Europe society, reflected in 

increased amount of income spent on tourism purposes. 


� Potential collision of activities which aim to develop tourist sector with the requirements of 

environment protection in the areas of legal nature protection, ecological agriculture, cultural 

heritage protection; 

� Considerable competitiveness from the industrialised region (Upper Silesia) in investors 

acquisition especially to adapt devastated antique buildings for tourist-recreational purposes; 

� Problems in change of social mentality, which underestimates the tourism-recreation role in the 

region’s socio-economic development; 

� Absence of coherent system of support for enterprises financed from public-private means in the 

social services sector; 

� Absence of homogenous information <strong>and</strong> promotion system of the tourist qualities in Pol<strong>and</strong>; 

� Growing migration from the region, especially young people <strong>and</strong> society’s ageing; 


Territory 2: Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 


Table 126 Tourism Resources Database (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 


Mała Panew – Mała Panew river valley is a 

broad flat, lowering of terrain. 

It creates a picturesque me<strong>and</strong>ers, valleys 

<strong>and</strong> oxbow lakes. In the river current one can 

find a protected fish – śliza, <strong>and</strong> otter 

Turawskie Lakes – to the area’s 

diversification contribute also the Turawskie 

Lakes – Big, Medium, Small <strong>and</strong> Silver as 

well as numerous post-excavation lakes <strong>and</strong> 

ponds 

Myślina Valley – Myślina is a picturesque 

river, right side tributary of Mała Panew 

river which is located in the eastern part of 

the region. It is me<strong>and</strong>ering among 

picturesque meadows, moors <strong>and</strong> forest. 

Beneath the Oaks („Pod Dębami”) the lane 

with 128 pedunculate oak <strong>and</strong> northern red 

oaks about 200 years old between the towns 

of Kolonowskie <strong>and</strong> Zawadzkie 

“Upon Brzyniczka”, environmental 

l<strong>and</strong>scape complex between Kolonowskie <strong>and</strong> 

Pludry 

The Mała Panew river crosses through the 

majority of the area. The biggest values can 

be observed by the tourists.. The access to 

the town next to Mała Panew is good 

(direct bus <strong>and</strong> railway connections from 

the region’s capital Opole). In the 

neighbourhood there are well-developed 

bicycle routes. 

Very good Access by bus directly from the 

capital of the region – Opole. Welldeveloped 

bicycle router enable an Access 

by bike from the neighbouring town. 

Everyday there are 6 bus connections from 

the capital of the region. One can reach the 

area by bike. 

Covers the Mała Panew valley on the 

passage from the towns of Kolonowskie 

<strong>and</strong> Zawadzkie which have very good 

connections. Access –advisable by car or 

bike (determined bicycle routes) 

Covers the Mała Panew river on the 

passage from the towns of Kolonowskie 

<strong>and</strong> Pludry. Access – advisable by car or 

bike (determined bicycle routes). 





No data available Families <strong>and</strong> excursion groups from 

the regions neighbouring areas. Bike 

<strong>and</strong> water sports enthusiasts (anglers, 

canoeists). Occasionally guests from 

abroad (from Germany) often coming 

from the region. 

No data available Families, colonial groups of children 

from Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> groups of sailors in 

the summer season. 

No data available 

No data available Neighbouring inhabitants. Bike sports 

enthusiasts <strong>and</strong> naturalists. 


enthusiasts, mushroom pickers <strong>and</strong> 

naturalists.

“Cat’s Mountain” (Kocia Góra) – protected 

are pine forests overgrowing the moraine 

hills <strong>and</strong> the breeding ponds complex with an 

interesting flora <strong>and</strong> fauna 370, 36 ha located 

in the inspectorate forests 

The complex is characterized by diverse 

carving relief with moraine hills - the highest 

of it -„Kocia Góra” 

„Kamionka” environmental-l<strong>and</strong>scape 

complex covers an interesting former basalt 

quarry Kamionka 

Paleontological dinosaur excavation in 

Krasiejóow 


Covers the Mała Panew river valley on the 

passage between Kolonowskie <strong>and</strong> 

Zawadzkie. Access – advisable by car or 

bike (determined bicycle routes). 

Neighbourhood of the town of 

Chrząstowice, settled on the main router 

from Opole to Warsaw. Good access by car. 

Good Access to the town of Krasiejów (by 

train direct from Opole <strong>and</strong> direct 

connections with the cities from Upper 

Silesia). Access by car is hampered because 

of the Road infrastructure. Well-marked 

bicycle routes. 

Cultural resources Availability Availability 

Evangelical Church 

from 1819 in Ozimek.- 

Late-classicism. The 0 

level antique. 

The oldest in Europe 

cast iron suspension 

bridge 

Good- church is located in the 

centre of Ozimek, which is 25 km 

from the A4 motorway. The town is 

also located on the main railway 

route. 

The bridge is in Ozimek, which is 

located 25 km from the A4 

motorway. The town is also on the 

main railway route. The entrance to 

the foundry in order to visit it 

Evangelical-Augsburg 

Parish from Opole. 



enthusiasts, mushroom pickers <strong>and</strong> 

naturalists. 


enthusiasts <strong>and</strong> naturalists. 

No data available Neighbouring inhabitants, 

archaeological groups <strong>and</strong> naturalists 

from the whole country, foreign 

excursions (from Germany <strong>and</strong> Czech 

Republic). 

Current 

level of 


usage <strong>and</strong> 

visits 

200 a year Excursion groups from Germany – former 

inhabitants <strong>and</strong> evangelic, delegations coming 

to the Community 

„Mała Panew” Foundry Excursion groups, including foreign groups

Palace-park complex in 

Radawie 

should be arranged in advance. 

No railway connections. Possibile 

bus connection from Opole (5 

connections). Good Access by car. 

Starostwo in Olesno No data 

available 

Palace-park complex in No railway connections. Possibile Private owner No data 

Zębowice. 

bus connection from Opole (5 

connections). Good Access by car. 

available 

Hunter’s castle, Dębie 

forestry 

No data available The Order of School 

Brothers. Currently the 

building is a Res-home 

for children 

No data 

available 

Palace-park complex in 

Dobrodzień –currently” 

Park Hotel” 

Very good. Dobrodzień is located 

on the main route Opole- 

Częstochowa-Warsaw. Many bus 

connections from the region’s 

capital – Opole. 

Private owner, who in the 

park opened a hotel <strong>and</strong> a 

high level restaurant 

No data 

available 

The palace is located by the main Community authorities No data 

Baroque palace with Road of the Turawa town. Good from Turawa. Currently in available 

mansion park in 

access by bus <strong>and</strong> car. 

palace is located an 

Turawa 

orphanage. There is a plan 

of selling the building to 

private h<strong>and</strong>s. 

Dobrodzień is located on the main Dobrodzień Community No data 

Antique bridge from route Opole-Częstochowa-Warsaw. 

available 

1610r. in Dobrodzień Many bus connections from the 

region’s capital – Opole 

Wooden churches in The churches are located in small Parishes from the town in No data 

Zakrzów Turawski, towns to which is a good Access by which the churches are available 

Bierdzany Dobrodzień bus from Opole. Good bicycle 

located. 

<strong>and</strong> in Radawie 

routes. 


Families from neighbouring towns, couples, 

enthusiasts of walks. 

Families from neighbouring towns, couples, 

enthusiasts of walks 


Individuals, families, couples, excursions, 

social meetings. 

Families, tourists from Germany, former 

inhabitants of this area. 


inhabitants of this area. 


inhabitants of this area.

Events Time 

Konkursy 

Kroszonkarskie 

(Competitions about 

sculptures made of eggs 

for Easter). 

Gaude Mater Festival 

Polonia Wincenty from 

Kielcza 

Rally through the Steps 

of Former Metallurgy 

ending on the glade in 

Regolow. 

National Meeting of the 

Artistic B<strong>and</strong>s National 

Ethnic Minorities 

„Źródło” in the town of 

Dobrodzień. 

Painting - sculpturing 

Artistic Open Air in 

Uroczysko in the Dylaki 

village 

Angler’s contest 

Sailing boat-races (7 in 

season) 



Around Easter Turawa, Ozimek, 

Kolonowskie, Zębowice 

Communities. 

April Wincenty Association in 

Kielcza 

May Polish National Tourist 

Company Zawadzkie 

Number of local 

<strong>and</strong> external 

visitors 

On average 20 

people in one contest 

June Dobrodzień Community 4 000 people 17 

teams 150 

contestants 



Children, adolescents, adults from the 

Community neighbourhood. 

2000 people Sacred music enthusiasts from the region 

<strong>and</strong> the whole Pol<strong>and</strong>. 

200-300 people Children in the school age. 

Inhabitants, ethnic minorities from the 

country. Foreign groups from Belarus, 

Czech Republic, Ukraine, Lithuania, 

Slovakia, Germany, Romania. 

August Agricultural Farm 8 artists, 250people Artists from Pol<strong>and</strong>, Slovakia, Engl<strong>and</strong>. 

Period from May to Angler’s Company from 

September Zawadzkie, Turawa, Koło 

From May to September „Jacht Klub Opolskie” 

Turawa Community, 

Private Company 

About 20 people per 

every contest 

About 50 people 

during one boat-race. 

About 200 

spectators. 

Water sports enthusiasts. 

Groups of adolescents, families, sailing 

enthusiasts.

Service <strong>and</strong> 

attractions 

Canoe rafting through 

Mała Panew 

Sailing course on the 

Turawskie Lakes. 

Equaterian service, 

Niwki 

Paleontological 

Museum in Krasiejów 

Exhibition pavilion in 

Krasiejów 

Availability 

Very good. Information about the 

possibility of taking part in the 

drafting available on street banners 

in the press <strong>and</strong> on the Internet. 

Internecie. 

Information about the courses very 

difficult to achieve. 

Webside with the information about 

the offer. 

Open during the weekends <strong>and</strong> on 

one day during the week. 

10.00 to 18 00 (also during the 

weekends) 

Catering service Type <strong>and</strong> quality 

„Snack” Bar, Chrząstowice 

„Imbiss" Bar, Chrząstowice 

„Centrum" Bar, 

Chrząstowice 

“Murzynek” Restaurant, 

Dobrodzień 

Dishes from the traditional Polish 

cuisine. Specialty: knuckle of 

pork boiled, pickled. 

Polish cuisine, fast ford. 

Specialty: knuckle of pork. 






Private owners, During the season Organized groups from private companies, 

frequently running from June to the end families, adolescents groups 

an agricultural of September every 

farm. weekend, 20 people 

on average 

Private sailing club 

„Yacht Club 

Neptun” 

20 people a year Adolescents, adults 

Private equestrian 

club „NIWKA” 

No data available Children, adolescents, adults, group lessons 

Association 8000-10 000 a year Mostly adolescent groups 

Association 

Community, 

recently private 

owner 

Number of 

places 

40 inside the 

restaurant, 20 

outside 

32 inside the 

restaurant 


15 000 /a year Organized excursion groups, archaeological 

groups, groups of students 

Level of visits Type of visitors 

100-200/a week Neighbouring inhabitants, guests who pass by 

the town. 

About 500/a week Guests who pass by the town. 

Traditional, local food. about 25 About 150-200/a Guests who pass by the town, tourists, local 

week 

inhabitants.. 

Silesian, Polish cuisine. Specialty: 70 About 150/a week Families, occasional feasts, tourist 

Roulade, dumplings. 

excursions.

„Nova” Restaurant, Ozimek 

Restaurant by the holiday 

camp „Jowisz”, Turawa 

„Zajazd Hema” Restaurant, 

Pustków next to Turawa 

"Stara Kuźnia" Restaurant, 

Dębska Kuźnia 

„Pod Kasztanem” Bar, 

Szczedrzyk 

„Baro-Kawiamia”, 

Krasiejów 

„Renoma” Restaurant, 

Zawadzkie 

„Lido” Restaurant, 

Zawadzkie 

“Big Pizza” Bar-Restaurant, 

Zawadzkie 

„Zajazd Góralski Pod 

Niedźwiedziem" Restaurant, 

Regional, traditional Polish, 

modern cuisine. Traditional Ŝurek 

soup (sour rye soup), cabbage 

with Bacon, potatoes, boiled <strong>and</strong> 

pickled knuckle of pork. 

110 150/a week Tourists, occasional feasts, local inhabitants, 

foreign delegations. 

Silesian, traditional cuisine. 100 places to Full during the Holiday camps, individual guests, foreign 

sleep in. 

season.. 

guests. 

Silesian, Polish cuisine. 60 To 150/a week Tourists, local guests, families, organized 

groups, occasional feasts, foreign guests from 

USA Germany etc. 

Silesian the elements of European 100 Over 200/a week Individuals, families, business meetings, 

cuisine. Speciality: “Great Ribs of 

Blacksmith’s Brother.” 

foreign tourists. 

Silesian cuisine. Specialty: About 50 No data available Tourists, guests who pass by the town, 

roulades, dumplings, home-made 

broth. 

foreign guests. 

Silesian Cuisine. Speciality: About 70 To 100/a week Organized groups, guests who pass by the 

Turkey’s leg with raisins, chilli 

<strong>and</strong> dumplings. 

town., families. 

Silesian cuisine exquisite <strong>and</strong> 250 150-200/a week Local inhabitants, guests who pass by the 

traditional. Specialty: „loin 

surprise”. 

town, organized groups, foreign guests. 

Traditional Silesian <strong>and</strong> Polish 120 Over 200/a week Tourists, guests who pass by the town, 

cuisine. Specialty: Roulade with 

dumplings, red cabbage. 

foreign guests, occasional feasts. 

Pizza, casseroles, fast food. 80 Over 200/a week Different guests, local, organized groups. 

Polish, mountaineer’s, traditional, 

cuisine. Specialty: Grilled hen’s 

60 About 200/a week Integrating feasts, organized groups, 

individuals, families, groups that pass by the 


Dębska Kuźnia breast with chanterelle <strong>and</strong> goat’s 

cheese 

town, tourists. 

Restaurant by „Park Hotel”, Silesian, Polish cuisine. 200 No data available Individuals, families, couples, excursions, 

Dobrodzień 

social meetings. 



Table 127 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 


� Area located in the neighbourhood of the Opolskie Agglomeration with a good external access by public <strong>and</strong> 

private means of communication; 

� Good communication connection with Upper Silesian Agglomeration, from where the majority of visitors come 

<strong>and</strong> benefit from the Opolskie tourist offer during the summer season; 

� Relatively fast pace of rural urbanization with a chance to extend the suburban rest zone, esthetically kept villages 

<strong>and</strong> small towns; 

� Significant natural environment potential including: 

• Picturesque <strong>and</strong> diverse l<strong>and</strong>scape of Odra River ice-marginal valley as well as its tributary Mała Panew 

River <strong>and</strong> other smaller watercourses like Myślina River; 

• Bright forest complexes which are beneficial during an active holiday, located by the marked forest 

routes, rich undergrowth, diverse kinds of a chase game; 

• Abundance of water birds, that enable „bloodless hunting” 

� Big Turawskie Lake reservoir as well as a few nearby smaller lakes, with perfect conditions for water sports for 

both amateurs <strong>and</strong> professionals; 

� Unique on an European scale paleontological excavations in Krasiejów (Silesian dinosaur - Silesaurus Opolensis); 

� Relatively rich material l<strong>and</strong> non-material heritage mainly connected with: 

• Metallurgical industry, that has been developing since XVIII in that area. There are workshops <strong>and</strong> 

distant steelworks, unique iron suspension bridge century ; 

• Water transport of products, prefabrication, coal <strong>and</strong> wood; 

� Remarkable involvement of local authorities of different levels in revitalization <strong>and</strong> exp<strong>and</strong>ing of the area’s 

tourist-recreational function including: 

• Support of bottom-up initiatives <strong>and</strong> functioning of non-governmental associations, including an 

association that unites entities making efforts to create a Jurassic Park of scientific-didactic-recreational 

function; 

• Recognition of the enterprises connected to Jurassic Park, as an investment of a high significance for the 


� Absence of plastic-marketing elaboration dealing with a 

coherent <strong>and</strong> full exploitation of area’s tourist potential 

regarding the three most important assets: archaeological 

discoveries, water reservoirs located in forest surroundings, 

post-industrial heritage; 

� Weak condition or absence of tourist infrastructure including 

the surroundings of the most important tourist attractions like 

Jurassic Park; 

� Weak <strong>and</strong> not-homogenous marking of tourist objects <strong>and</strong> 

tourist destinations; 

� Slow pace of the privatisation process of the tourist base <strong>and</strong> 

implementation of st<strong>and</strong>ards for accommodation-gastronomic 

infrastructure ; 

� Absence of tourism information centres 

� Shape of the buildings 

� Insufficient number <strong>and</strong> uneven allocation of 

accommodations; 

� Insufficient capacity <strong>and</strong> uneven allocation of gastronomic 

services; 

� Absence of local guidance services; 

� Insufficient number of sport-recreational objects in places of 

tourist reception; 

� Weak elaboration of events schedule, especially those that 

take place in the summer season; 

� Lack of coherence of actions between social organizations 

that function in the field of tourism <strong>and</strong> recreation,

egion; 

� Relatively good allocation of tourist infrastructure (punctual <strong>and</strong> linear) in the vicinity of water reservoirs; 

� Remarkable number of objects offering seasonal accommodations <strong>and</strong> numerous gastronomic services’ providers; 

� Positively regarded area among the foreign tourists, mainly from Germany, as a region of summer rest at the water 

reservoir; 


gastronomy <strong>and</strong> among other sectors of economy including 

agriculture <strong>and</strong> craft; 

� Absence of an area’s distinct br<strong>and</strong> names; 

� Insufficient promotion of qualities in tourist offers; 


� Increase of the tourism’s importance in government <strong>and</strong> local authorities’ programmes including the development 

of the products for selected groups that deal with scientific-business tourism, which is going to be developed on 

the basis of the public-private partnership; 

� Formal-legal chances of extension of educational offer from Universities <strong>and</strong> extension of international scientific 

exchange in the filed of palaeontology <strong>and</strong> increase of interest in natural science among young generation; 

� Increase of chances to gain external financing (from the Ministry of Science <strong>and</strong> Higher Education of the Republic 

of Pol<strong>and</strong>, Ministry of National Education of the Republic of 

� Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> from European Union funds) for collective international scientific research, exchange of good practice 

<strong>and</strong> creation of scientific work infrastructure for young scientists; 

� Change of trends <strong>and</strong> tendencies in world tourism for: 

• Rest in quiet places – in secure contact with nature <strong>and</strong> local culture, 

• Growing tourist activity, 

• Intensified dem<strong>and</strong> for weekend trips, 

• Development of conference tourism, 

� More efficient operating operation of Polish Tourist Organization <strong>and</strong> improvement of Polish tourism’s picture in 

world markets; 

� Gradual getting richer of united Europe society, reflected in increased amount of income spent on tourism 

purposes, trips to untypical places. 


� Loss of existing segment of visitors caused by the bad 

sanitary shape of reservoirs <strong>and</strong> condition of tourism <strong>and</strong> 

para-tourism infrastructure; 

� Big competition from Lower Silesia <strong>and</strong> Old Polish Industrial 

Area. Świętokrzyskie voivodeship reports actions aiming to 

gain investors who want to start actions to adapt ruined 

antique buildings to tourist-recreational purposes; 

� Problems in change of social mentality, which 

underestimates the tourism-recreation role in the region’s 

socio-economic development; 

� Absence of coherent system of support for enterprises 

financed from public-private means in the social services 

sector; 

� Absence of homogenous information <strong>and</strong> promotion system 

of the tourist qualities in Pol<strong>and</strong>; 

� Growing migration from the region, especially young people 

<strong>and</strong> society’s ageing;

Territory 3: Nysa – Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong> 


„Bobra” Camp-site 


Niemysłowicki “Viper Forest”. 

„Frogs Eye” Pond 

Table 128 Tourism Resources Database (Nysa Glucholazy) 

Access by car or bus. Bicycle, foot routes in the 

neighbouring area. 

Located among Niemysłowice, Łąka Prudnicka 

<strong>and</strong> Szybowce villages. 

On the Prudnik- Dębowiec route. Access by car 

or bus. Scarce tourist infrastructure. 





No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. 

No data available Naturalists. 

No data available Meetings, picnics. 

“Lime Lane” 

Road out of traffic, possibility of tourist 

w<strong>and</strong>ering. Easy Access by car, bicycle or bus. 


L<strong>and</strong>scape-Naturalist Park in Korfantów 

from XVII century 

Western part of the town of Korfantów. Access 

by bus. Well organized walking routes, small 

tourist infrastructure (benches). 

No data available Walking enthusiasts. 

Partial Reserve BLOK Voivodeship <strong>and</strong> county Road. Access by bike. No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. 

Very easy. Train, bus, various w<strong>and</strong>ering <strong>and</strong> Abort 4-4,5 thous<strong>and</strong>s Organized school groups, adults, 

bicycle routes which are well marked. On the visitors on the 

individuals. 

Góry Opawskie 

way there are mountain shelters, rest places. For educational activities in 

L<strong>and</strong>scape Park 

organized groups there are educational courses the seat of Opawskie 

conducted. Ecology knowledge contests for Mountains L<strong>and</strong>scape 

school children conducted. 

Park 

15 kilometres from Nysa. Access by car to the No data available Enthusiasts of extreme scuba diving. 

Out of order granite pit in Nadziejów car park. The road is closed 100 meters from the 

excavation filled with water. 

Florist Reserve (Rezerwat florystyczny) 

Krwiściągowi Meadows 

Bus, car, bicycle router. No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. 

Marble mine in Sławniowice No data available No data available No data available 

“Quiet Valley” (Cicha Dolina) Reserve Access by car or bicycle. Big car park for No data available Bicycle sports enthusiasts, naturalists. 

Głuchołazy 

tourists. Southwards from Pokrzywna village, in

“Beech Forest” (Las Bukowy) Reserve 

Głuchołazy 

“Upon Białka” (Nad Białką) Reserve 

Przyłęk Reserve 

Paczkowskie Foothill 

Otmuchowskie Lake 

Nyskie Lake 

the neighbourhood of the frontier crossing with 

Czech Republic. 

Created in the Community Forest area of the 

town of Głuchołazy. 

Created on 1 March 1999 in the Community 

Forest in Głuchołazy area. It is located on the 

southern bank of the Biała Głuchołaska river, in 

the neighbourhood of the border frontier with 

Czech Republic, in the western part of the town 

of Gluchołazy. Through the reserve runs the 

nature-didactic router ”Through the Chrobry 

Mountain in Głuchołazy” 

Przyłęk reserve is located In the Nysa Kłodzka 

tributary in the Sudety Foothills area. It is 

equated <strong>and</strong> it constitutes wavy plan on the 200- 

300m level, crossed by brook valleys flowing 

from the Opawskie Mountains. 

The region is build from granites, in the southern 

part occur numerous rock forms.. 

Convenient access by car. Many Rest houses, 

s<strong>and</strong>y beaches. Perfect conditions to perform 

water sports <strong>and</strong> fishing. 

Convenient Access by car. Excellent tourist, 

gastronomic <strong>and</strong> accommodation infrastructure. 

Natural s<strong>and</strong>y beaches, numerous water sports. 




No data available Tourists, naturalists. 

No data available Tourists, naturalists. 

No data available Water <strong>and</strong> bicycle sports enthusiasts, 

tourists. 

No data available Water <strong>and</strong> bicycle sports enthusiasts, 

tourists.

Cultural resources Availability 



Current level of usage <strong>and</strong> visits Type of visitors 

Parish church in Korfantów from XII/XIV 

century 

open for general use Parish No data available the faithful 

Late – baroque church in Przechód open for general use Parish No data available the faithful 

Church in Ścinawa Nyska from XVIII 

century 

No data available Parish No data available the faithful 

Church in Mała Ścinawa from XIV / XV 

century 

No data available No data available No data available the faithful 

Castle in Łąka Prudnicka from XIV 

century 

Open for sightseeing No data available No data available Castles enthusiasts. 

St. Anna’s church in Niemysłowice open for general use Parish No data available the faithful 

Baroque Palace in PrzydroŜe Małe open for general use No data available No data available History enthusiasts 

Nineteenth century brickyard in 

Niemysłowice 

No data available No data available No data available No data available 

Palace park, middle of XIX-XX century, 

Frydrychów 

No data available No data available No data available History enthusiasts 

Mansion Complex in Lisie Kąty No data available No data available No data available No data available 

Mansion from the year 1800 in 

Trzeboszowice, 

No data available No data available No data available History enthusiasts 

Franx Ferdyn<strong>and</strong>’s Viewing Tower from 

1896 

Tourist route Głuchołazy, 

Jarnołtówek, Kopa Biskupia 

summit, entrance payable 

No data available No data available Organized groups, couples, 

families, individual guests. 

Along the route by Bystry No data available No data available No data available 

Gwarkowa Perć Stone pit 

Potok brook to Biskupia 

Kopa mountain 

Antique churches <strong>and</strong> chapels in the whole 

area 

open for general use No data available No data available the faithful 

Defensive walls in very good shape in 

Paczków. There are 19 wall towers <strong>and</strong> 3 

defensive towers. 

open for general use, „Polish 

Carcassonne” 

No data available No data available Castles enthusiasts, tourists 

the faithful 

No data available No data available 

St. John the Evangelist’s Church in 

Paczków 

open for general use, Antique 

from XIV century 


Events Time Organization <strong>and</strong> administration 

“Kupała Night” (Noc Kupały) in 

Jarnotłówek 

“Flowers’ Summer” (Lato kwiatów) in 

Otmuchów 

„Point” (Kropka) National Tourist Song 

Festiwal in Głuchołazy 

Number of 

local <strong>and</strong> 

external 

visitors 

23/24 June Private administrator No data available 

June The mayor from Otmuchów No data available 



Couples, families, individual 

guests. 


guests. 

July No data available No data available No data available 

Tourist Harvest Festiwal in Skorochów July Head of a rural subdivision of Skorochów No data available 

„Green Holidays” (Pentecost – Zielone 

Świątki) in Wilamowice Nyskie, „Once in 

the folk way” (Raz na ludowo) 

Saling boat-races on the Otmuchowskie 

Lake 

May, Sunday, 7 

weeks after the 

Easter 

Saturday-Sunday 

in the Easter 

Head of a rural subdivision of Wilamowice No data available 

"OPTY” <strong>and</strong> TJ LANŠKROUN ODDIL 

JACHTINGU Sport club from 

The Czech Republic 


guests. 


guests. 


guests. 


„Welcoming of Spring” in Kozielno 

period 

Beginning of 

spring 

rural subdivision inhabitants No data available 


guests. 

„ Summer Everywhere” (Lato wszędzie) in 

Kozielno 

Summer rural subdivision inhabitants No data available 


guests. 

“St. John’s Night” (Noc Świetojańska) June Biała Nyska Development Association. No data available 


guests. 

“Easter Feast” (Biesiada Wielkanocna) in 

Otmuchów 

Nysa’s Stronghold’s Days. Staging of the 

1807 battle with over five hundred 

March/April Towns Cultural Centre in Otmuchow No data available 


guests. 

military history enthusiasts from Pol<strong>and</strong>, 

Czech Republic, Hungary, Germany <strong>and</strong> 

Belarus who are dressed in the traditional 

uniforms from the regiments of 

Napoleonic Wars’ epoch. 

July/April 

Fortification Enthusiasts Association, The 

Authorities of the City of Nysa 

6000 

Military <strong>and</strong> history 

enthusiasts. 

International current ball tournament. August Fire Brigade from Przechód 20 teams 2000 people

Moritz Brosig Organ <strong>and</strong> Cameral Music 

Festiva in Paczków Muzyka ponad 

granicami” (Music above the frontiers)l 

First concert 03rd 

May. The last in 

the middle of 

October. 

Recreational <strong>and</strong> Cultural Centre, Town’s 

Authorities in Paczków. 

8 concerts 


Over 200 guests on every 

concert 

Film Festival in Paczków. Meeting with 

Czech cinema. 

October 

Recreational <strong>and</strong> Cultural Centre, Town’s 

Authorities in Paczków 

14 film showings 3-4 thous<strong>and</strong>s 

Service <strong>and</strong> attractions Availability 



Current level of usage <strong>and</strong> 

visits 


Stud farm in Chocim near Prudnik 

Access by car. About 4,5 

km from Prudnik. 

No data available No data available Horse-riding enthusiasts 

Rope park in Pokrzywna. Access by car. 

Easy to reach. All one 

Has to do is driving 

through Pokrzywna turn 

No data available No data available Tourists, families 

Forest baths in Pokrzywna 

Wright At the crossroad 

with next to the former 

Frontier Guard. A few 

hundred meters further 

there is a car-park <strong>and</strong> 

entrance to the baths. 

In the winter season one 

300m ski-lift open 


Tourists, families, couples, 

individuals. 

Ski Hillsides in Jarnołtówek 

everyday. Excellent place 

for skiing <strong>and</strong> 

snowboarding for 

amateurs. 

Convenient Access by car 


Skiing <strong>and</strong> snowboarding 

enthusiasts 

Angling – fishery 

to Nyskie <strong>and</strong> 

Otmuchowskie Lakes 


No data available No data available Fishing enthusiasts 

Sailing (equipment hiring, courses) 




No data available No data available Sailing enthusiasts 

Water sports kite surfing 



No data available No data available Water sports enthusiasts

Catering service Type <strong>and</strong> quality 

„Włoski Smak” Restaurant, Jarnołtówek 

„U Bodzia” fish frying center, Moszczanka 

„SmaŜalnia nad Stawem” fish frying 

center, Moszczanka, 

„Zagroda” restaurant, Konradów 

„Bistro-Pizzeria” restaurant, Paczków, 

"Magda" milk-bar, Paczków, 

"Carcassonne" cafe <strong>and</strong> restaurant, 

Paczków 

„Pizzeria”, 

Otmuchów 

Górski Dom Turysty PTTK na Biskupiej 

Kopie, Jarnołtówek 

Italia cuisine (pasta, pizza from 

the oven, home-made Parma 

ham), Polish cuisine. Restaurant 

is run by an original Italian chef. 

Fish (one can catch a fish <strong>and</strong> 

hale it prepared- trout, 

sturgeon). Furthermore, there 

others (like salmon, burbot, 

catfish etc.), Polish cuisine, grill. 

Specialty: roast <strong>and</strong> smoked 

salmon. 

Fish – trout, Polish cuisine, Fast 

food. 

Polish cuisine, home-made 

dishes, selection of pork dishes, 

also vegetarian cuisine. 

Pizza, Polish, Silesian cuisine, 

pasta dishes, Fast food. 

Polish, Silesian cuisine, 

different kinds of ravioli. 

Polish, Silesian cuisine. 

Specialty: Paczkowski trout 

with boiled vegetables, 

cantharellus <strong>and</strong> potatoes 

Number of 

places 

130 seats in the 

hall, during 

season 

additional 

40seats on the 

terrace. 

120 under tent 

80 outside under 

umbrellas 

About 300 

No data 

available 


Level of visits Type of visitors 

about 200/ a week 

During the season 

about 150/ a week 

About 300-400/a 

week 

Local inhabitants, tourists, organized groups 

(camps, excursions), foreign guests. 

Local inhabitants, people from the whole 

voivodeship <strong>and</strong> outside the region, tourists 

resting in Opawskie Mountains, individual 

tourists, organized groups. 

Camps, individual tourists, holiday makers, 

organized groups, guests from the whole 

voivodeship <strong>and</strong> outside the region. 

over 200/a week Individual guests, business meetings. 

45-50 about 150/a week Tourists, individual, foreign guests. 

28 

48 seats/ 


arranged up to 

70 places 

About 350-400/a 

week 

150/a week 

Excursion groups, individual, foreign guests, 

holiday-makers. 

Individual guests, organized groups, 

excursion groups, camps, organized groups. 

Pizza, Polish cuisine 36 150-200/a week Individual guests, families, foreign guests. 

Polish cuisine. Specialty: Roast 

ham, Opawskie pancakes. 

50 200/a week 

Individual guests, organized groups, foreign 

guests, excursion groups, camps. 

„Cafe-Video” cafe rastaurant, Home-made, hunters, cuisine., 12 to 150/a week Individual guests, organized groups, a whole

Jarnołtówek, grill, fish dishes (s<strong>and</strong>er, trout), 

coffee, desserts. 

„Karczma Zbójnicka” inn, Jarnołtówek, 

''Carina'' restaurant, Pokrzywna, 

„Krater” restaurant, Głuchołazy 

„Tawerna” restaurant, Ścibórz near 

Paczków 


Polish, Silesian, Mountaineers 

cuisine. 

Polish, Silesian cuisine. 

Specialty: grilled trout. 

Polish, Silesian, French cuisine. 

Specialty: „Hungarian pancake” 


variety of foreign guests. 

120 to 150/week Individuals, couples, families, foreign guests. 

80 about 200/a week 

80-120 to 150/a week 

Traditional Polish cuisine. about 60 to 150/a week 


Table 129 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Nysa Glucholazy) 


� Good Location on the tourist route crossing 2 mountain ranges: Sudety Mountains <strong>and</strong> Karpaty Mountains 

which integrate Middle Eastern part of Europe 

� Diversified area as far as the natural, l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>and</strong> cultural assets (mountains, lakes, Valleys) are regarded. 

� Good accessibility (good connections with Upper <strong>and</strong> Lower Silesia <strong>and</strong> with Czech Republic), number of 

frontier- crossings which enable the liquidity of touristic traffic between the countries during the summer <strong>and</strong> 

winter season. In the summer <strong>and</strong> winter seasons are organized additional temporary connections with tourism 

destination places. 

� Three quarter of the area is under legal protection: L<strong>and</strong>scape Park – Opawskie Mountains, Nyskie <strong>and</strong> 


� During the summer <strong>and</strong> winter seasons there is a relatively great number of accommodations per 1 km2, . 

� Well arranged tourism infrastructure. 

� Tourism product well-known by visitors 

• Line products–pedestrian <strong>and</strong> bicycle cross border trails around lakes <strong>and</strong> in the mountains – good 

conditions for active tourism. Educational <strong>and</strong> thematic trails which promote natural <strong>and</strong> cultural 

Organized groups, individual guests, holiday 

makers. 

Individual guests, couples, organized groups, 

foreign groups. Disco, karaoke, dancing 

evenings. 

Organized groups, individual guests, guests 

who pass by the town on the Road to 

Kłodzko. 

� Absence of marketing regulations for use of tourism potential 

� Low process of propriety transformations. St<strong>and</strong>ardisation <strong>and</strong> 

categorisation problems lead to devastation of buildings, including 

antique monuments 

� Disarrangement of neighbouring villages <strong>and</strong> lack of complex 

solutions in terms of organisation system <strong>and</strong> equipment 

(instruments) which could allow to ensure environment protection 

<strong>and</strong> monitoring. 

� Old tourism infrastructure constitute the real barrier for creation of 

attractive tourism offer to attract tourist <strong>and</strong> make the stay longer 

in the region. Absence of homogenous system of marking in the 

area eg. tourist routes, observation points. 

� Lack of the coherence in terms of activities undertaken by social 

tourism organisation <strong>and</strong> organisation dealing with other branches 

(agriculture <strong>and</strong> craft) 

� Low st<strong>and</strong>ard of building offering services for training business

heritage, 

• Events <strong>and</strong> places– antique buildings in Paczków, Otmuchów, Głuchołazy <strong>and</strong> Korfantów 

• Number of cross border events –Czech Republics borderl<strong>and</strong>; Głuchołazy 

• Good climate for health care (in Korfantów special micro climate) 

� Involvement of local governments in tourism development activities like 

• Creation of information tourism centres which cooperate with information centres in Czech Republic 

• Good tourism promotion (various forms); 

• Relatively great number of investments in infrastructure 

� Increase in number of accommodations in rural areas (agro <strong>and</strong> eco farms); 


meetings, school groups 

� Low st<strong>and</strong>ard of services offered by agro tourism <strong>and</strong> eco tourism 

farms- lack of categorization 

� Low process of creation of the offer in cooperation with 

neighbouring Czech region 

� Typical <strong>and</strong> conventional information <strong>and</strong> promotional system 

� Lack of innovative solutions used by social communication 

marketing 


� Increase in importance of tourism sector in national <strong>and</strong> regional programme development of local product 

included on the basis of public - private partnership; 

� Increase in number of possibilities to gain external financing (from UE) for tourism development in the region 

� Development of cross border <strong>and</strong> international cooperation 

� Increase in the number of visitors from Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> from Czech Republic, Ukraine <strong>and</strong> Germany. 

� Culinary heritage could be used for great gastronomic offer; 

� Increase of accessibility through the extension of frontier crossings, development of highway. 

� Change of trends in World tourism towards: 

• Rest <strong>and</strong> holiday organized in the less crowded places – contact with nature <strong>and</strong> local culture 

• Increase of tourism activity, 

• Increase in dem<strong>and</strong> for weekend trips 

• Increase in dem<strong>and</strong> for complex tourism service, 

• Family <strong>and</strong> business tourism development 

• Increasing dem<strong>and</strong> for services connected with mental <strong>and</strong> physical health care 

• Increasing dem<strong>and</strong> for ecological food. 

� More efficient actions of Polish Tourism Organization, improvement of Pol<strong>and</strong>’s image in the World’s market 

� Gradual getting richer of united Europe society could bring to increase of expenditure for tourism purposes 


� Potential collision between activities aiming at tourism sector 

development <strong>and</strong> environmental protection st<strong>and</strong>ards, ecological, 

ecologisation of agriculture, culture heritage’s protection 

� Greater competitiveness of neighbouring region of Lower Silesia <strong>and</strong> 

cross border regions of Czech Republic for attracting investors in order 

to adapt old devastated buildings for tourism purposes. 

� Limited possibilities for equipment existing base; 

� Low process of social <strong>and</strong> regional change in the way of thinking– 

underestimation of the role of tourism recreation for social 

economic development 

� Absence of coherent system for supporting actions undertaken in 

the frames of public private sector; 

� Absence of coherent information <strong>and</strong> promotion system in Pol<strong>and</strong> 

� The increasing emigration of young people <strong>and</strong> society aging

Territory 4: Euro Country. 


Table 130 Tourism Resources Database (Euro Country) 

Natural resources Availability Current level of usage <strong>and</strong> visits 

Environment-l<strong>and</strong>scape complexes 


Entrance to the park is open everyday. 

No data available Inhabitants, families 

L<strong>and</strong>scape Park near the Palace sightseeing available after 

Palace in Zakrzów 

previously arranged with the leaseholder. 

Access only by car. Good marking. 

Stanowisko Lilii Złotogłów 

(2nd biggest in Pol<strong>and</strong>) 

(Cisek community) 

Open for general use No data available Environment enthusiasts 

Mansion Park in Trzebina Open for general use No data available Inhabitants, families, couples 

Lime Lane in Lubrzy Open for general use No data available Inhabitants, couples 

L<strong>and</strong>scape Parks near the 

Palaces in Długomiłowice 

<strong>and</strong> Większyce 

Entrance to the park is open everyday. 

Palace sightseeing available after 

previously arranged with the leaseholder. 

Access only by car. Good marking. 


Inhabitants, couples, families 


Cultural resources Availability 

Castle in Polska Cerekiew 

Neo-baroque church in 

Polska Cerekiew 

Neo-gothic church in 

Grzędzin 

Castle opened only during 

organized events. Good Access. 

Opened for visits on Sundays <strong>and</strong> 

Holidays during the holy mass. 

No tourist infrastructure. 

Opened for visits on Sundays <strong>and</strong> 

Holidays during the holy mass. 

During the week only after 

previously arranged with the 

parson. 



Current level of usage 

<strong>and</strong> visits 

Private owner No data available 



Families, couples, enthusiasts of walks 

around the neighbouring areas 

parish No data available Groups 

parish No data available 

Pilgrimages, tourist groups from 

Germany, Czech Republic, visiting the 

region

The eclectic Palace In 

Jakubowice 

Open for visitors after previously 

arranged with the private owner. 

Private owner. Currently 

he runs a Rest-home 

No data available Individuals, interested in architecture 

Palace in Trawniki from 

XIV century 

Open for visitors after previously 

arranged with the private owner. 

Private owner. No data available 

Families, couples, enthusiasts of walks 

around the neighbouring areas. 

Church of St. Bryksjusz in 

Gościecin 

Open for sightseeing during the 

service. During the week after 




Pilgrimages, tourist groups from 

Germany, Czech Republic, visiting the 

region 

Wooden church in Przewóz 

<strong>and</strong> Odrzanskie Place in 

Radoszow. 


service. During the week after 




Individuals interested In sacred 

architecture 

Chapels, crosses, roadside 

shrine from the XIV – XX 

century period 


service a few times in the year. 

During the year after previously 

arranged with the correct parson. 

parishes No data available 

Pilgrims, enthusiasts of sacred 

architecture 

The Hunter’s House 

(XIX/XX century) in Stara 

Kuźnia 

„Frog’s Gate” (Brama 

Opened for sightseeing with the 

guide <strong>and</strong> for the purposes of 

thematic 

Forest Inspectorate 

Kędzierzyn Koźle 


Families, school groups (lessons about 

nature) 

śabia) in 

3 

Borzysławice 

Open for general use Community No data available No data available 

Events Time 



Number of local <strong>and</strong> 

external visitors 


International Competition of Amazons May Equestrian Club Lewada 500 visitors Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, 

In Ladies’ Saddle 

(Międzynarodowe Zawody Amazonek 

w Damskim Siodle) 

40 contestants 

local <strong>and</strong> national journalists 

International Junior <strong>and</strong> the Young 

Equestrians in Breaking in 

Championships 

May Equestrian Club Lewada 500 visitors 

40 contestants from 

different European 

countries 

Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, 

local <strong>and</strong> national journalists 

Equestrian Stars Championship 

August Equestrian Club Lewada About 80 actors, 

famous people every 

Families, enthusiasts of equestrian sports, 

celebrities <strong>and</strong> journalists (television 


„Pływała” – rafting through the Odra 

river from Bohumin In Czech Republic 

to Kędzierzyn Kozle. Rafting on 

different constructions <strong>and</strong> materials. 

The best swimming construction is 

awarded. 

Festival of Ludwig Van Beethoven in 

Głogówek 

June Bierawa Community 

Lear, visitors – about 10 

000 

About 60 teams (3-4 

contestants in each). 

About several hundred 

visitors. 

September-October 

(4 days, every week) 

Service <strong>and</strong> attractions Availability 

Horse recreation- summer 

camps, instructor’s courses, 

equestrian courses. 

Bicycle Road in Lubieszów 

Heritage Park of 

Beekeeping In Lubieszów 

Opened from 10.00 to 20.00. Easy 

access to Kędzierzyn Koźle (road 

junction) <strong>and</strong> then city bus. 

8.00-20.00 Access with a car 

through the voivodeship road nr 

425. Next to the entrance car 

parks <strong>and</strong> full marking. 

Good Access. Lubieszów is 

located near the voivodeship 

Road. Direct connections from 

Opole. No information on the 

signs where the Heritage Park is 

located. 

Sightseeing only after previous 

arrangement with the 

administrator. 

City Authorities of 

Głogówek, Regional 

Museum in Głogówek, 

Socio-Cultural Community 

of Germans on the 

Opolskie Silesia. 



Private owner, “Lewada 

Club” 

About several hundred 

visitors. 


accounts) 

Inhabitants of Polish <strong>and</strong> Czech villages 

through which cross the contestants. 

Families <strong>and</strong> the water sports enthusiasts 

from the whole Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Czech 

Republic. 

Classical music enthusiasts of every age. 

Current level of usage 

<strong>and</strong> visits 


150 people Children, adolescents, adults, artistic 

communities. 

Bierawa Community No data available Families, school groups organizing bike 

trips 

Private owner 400 people a year School groups on the lessons about 

tradition <strong>and</strong> region.

Catering service Type <strong>and</strong> quality Number of places Level of visits Type of visitors 

Pizzeria „Angelo”, 

Głogówek 

„Głogowianka” 

Restaurant, Głogówek 

„Nenufar” Bar, Lubrza 

„Tibo” Inn Restaurant, 

Bierawa 

„Marco Polo” Bar - 

Restaurant, Polska 

Cerekiew 

„Wieczorek” Restaurant, 

Polska Cerekiew 

„TIBO” Inn Restaurant, 

Długomiłowice 

"Ada" Restaurant (by the 

Ada hotel), Większyce 

Pizza, casserole, Fast food etc. about 50 To 150/a week 

Polish, Silesian cuisine. Beef 

roulade, dumplings, red cabbage. 

Pork chop, potatoes, fried 

cabbage. 

Home-made , Polish cuisine. 

Speciality: Home-made beef tripe 

about 30 about 30/week 

26 to 150/a week 


Excursion groups (the restaurant is 

opposite the castle), individuals, guests 

from abroad, families. 

Individuals, couples, families who pass by 

the town. 

Individuals, couples, families, organized 

groups, guests from the abroad. 

Home-made, Silesian. 50 to 150/a week Individuals, families, guests from abroad. 

Silesian, Italian cuisine. 

Speciality: Hunter’s chop. 

Silesian, Polish cuisine. 

Speciality: Hungarian pancake 

Silesian, vegetarian cuisine. Big 

choice of dishes. Speciality: 

Company’s set Orient from the 

grill. 

Silesian <strong>and</strong> from other regions 

cuisine. Dishes made on the 

special request of the client. 


to 100 

to 150/a week (in the 

season) 


140 Do 150/tydzień 

„Mechnica” Bar, Mechnica Silesian cuisine 120 Local opened on request 

„Salve” Restaurant, 

Głogówek 

Silesian cuisine, also dishes from 

other countries like Chinese food. 

Two rooms, 90 places in 

total. 

About 150-200/ a week 


groups, guests from abroad. 

Local inhabitants, families, couples. 

Families, individuals, couples, guests 

from abroad, organized groups, guests 

who pass by the town. 


groups. 

Organized groups, families, occasional 

feasts. 

Individuals, organized groups, 

delegations, guests from abroad. 

„Krystyna”, Restaurant- 

Bar Lubrza 

Silesian cuisine 40 To 150/ a week Individuals, couples. 

Source: marshal’s office of Opolskie region


Table 131 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Euro Country) 


� Located in the neighbourhood of big municipal centres like Kędzierzyn Koźle <strong>and</strong> Racibórz 

(having more than 20 000 inhabitants) 

� Located in the neighbourhood of L<strong>and</strong>scape Park of Opawskie Mountains 

� Good accessibility - proximity of A4 highway 

� Historic villages’ arrangements (oval, irregular seats) 

� Existing horse-riding enthusiasts’ infrastructure (individuals, families, children) 

� Rich cultural offer in the frames of events organized during the horse cups <strong>and</strong> championships 

events (concerts of Polish stars, expositions, artistic open air) 

� Good contacts <strong>and</strong> cooperation with foreign partners within the frames of organization of The 

Cup in Horse-Riding 

� Membership of stakeholders (owners of stud farm <strong>and</strong> Cup’s organisers in the International 

Horse Riding Coach’s Association 

� Positive opinion on horse events disseminated by mass media. 


� Weak internal accessibility 

� Not efficiently promoted village heritage 

� Lack of hotels 

� Relatively modest accommodation base in terms of quality <strong>and</strong> quantity. 

� Very slow process of creation of new accommodation in agrotourism farms 

� Only one event is organised on an international scope 

� Too small number of house riding coaches 

� Low attractiveness of local offer of gastronomical services 

� Offer addressed only to a small target audience of local scope 

� Difficulties in change of mentality on profitability of establishing tourism 

service enterprise; 

� Lack of professional information <strong>and</strong> complex promotion of tourism offer. 

� Lack of network <strong>and</strong> cooperation among horse services providers in Opolskie 



� Increase in number of possibilities to gain external financing (local governments, UE) for 

development of a given form of tourism in the region by the association of the tourism form 

enthusiasts; 

� Increase in importance of health prevention <strong>and</strong> treatment of disturbance with disabled methods 

like care <strong>and</strong> contact with animals; 

� Increase of accessibility through the new connections with different places (airport included) 

� Change of trends <strong>and</strong> directions in tourism development for 

• Holiday organized in quiet places – in contact with nature <strong>and</strong> local culture 

• Increase of tourism activity, 

• Increase in dem<strong>and</strong> for weekend trips 

• Increase in dem<strong>and</strong> for complex tourism service, 

• Family <strong>and</strong> business tourism development 

• Increase of dem<strong>and</strong> for services connected with mental <strong>and</strong> physical health care 

� Increase in dem<strong>and</strong> for ecological food 

� More efficient actions of Polish Tourism Organization, improvement of Pol<strong>and</strong>’s image on the 

World market 

� Gradual getting richer of united Europe’s society leads to an increase of expenditures for tourism 


� Financial barriers in realization of multifunctional concept of Sport 

Recreation centre in Zakrzów (organisers of Cup in horse-riding); 

� Increase of emigration of young people towards big municipalities <strong>and</strong> aging 

of society; 

� Strong competiveness of this type of services in other regions


Table 132 Local Action Groups: Stobrava river Valley <strong>and</strong> Upper Prosna (Kluczbork Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

Name of the 

territory <strong>and</strong> legal 

form 

Dolina Stobrawy 

(Stobrawa River 

Valley) 

Municipalities: 

Kluczbork, Wołczyn, 

Lasowice Wielkie, 

LEGAL FORM: 

creation of Local 

Activity Group is 

based on act of 

national parliament on 

supporting rural area 

development 

According to this low 

the Local Action 

groups have an 

association’ status with 

legal status. There is a 

condition: for being 

qualified as a Local 

Action Group the 

Strategy goals 

1. Creation <strong>and</strong> 

development of local 

product based on 

local potential 

● Creation of a 

competitive tourist 

offer – educational <strong>and</strong> 

cultural 

● Support for creation 

of unique tourist 

products - educational 

<strong>and</strong> cultural 

2. Human resource 

development 

● Personnel training 

for the requirements of 

microenterprises 

● Support for the 

personnel in 

agrotourism 

● Personnel training 

for the non- 

Members <strong>and</strong> 

decision body 

Association is 

composed of 61people 

49 represent social 

sector , 3 represent 

economic sector <strong>and</strong> 

9represent public 

sector 

Decision body- 

Council of the 

association is 

composed) 

9 people 

3 are social 

representatives 

3 people represent 

economic sector 

3 represent public 

sector (municipalities) 

Budget 

Total budget for the 

period 2008-2015: 

7 992 252,00 zł 

- Diversification into 

non agricultural 

activity 1 100 000,00 

- Village renewal <strong>and</strong> 

rural 

development - 

2 640 000,00 zl 

- Creation <strong>and</strong> 

development of micro 

entrepreneurship 

1 100 000,00 

- Small projects 

1 925 312,00 

- Cooperation projects 

- 114 510,00 

- Current cost of LAG 

- 885 500,00 

- Gaining capacities 

Projects <strong>and</strong> 

financial support 

Tourism development 

in 

Kluczbork 

municipality – in 

frames of Phare 2005 

Programme there were 

realised some actions: 

- marking of the 

bicycle trail, 

- bicycle trails “In the 

footsteps of past craft, 

- courses on ecology in 

Antique blacksmith 

<strong>and</strong> bakery in Kuniów 

–Ecological 

competitions at 

schools, ecological 

picnics , 

70 % = 130 000 zł 

(finances in frame of 

Phare) 

Networkin 

g <strong>and</strong> 

cooperatio 

n among 

companies 

<strong>and</strong> players 

Absence 


Interconnectio 

ns between 

tourism <strong>and</strong> 

other fields 

Absence 

Disposal to 

undertake 

process of 


development 

High

group must be 

qualified for Leader II 

or Leader + previously. 

governmental 

organizations 

● Conducting research 

in the field of labour 

market 

3.Creation of 

territory’s image <strong>and</strong> 

br<strong>and</strong> 

● Creation of 

integrated information 

system 

● Creation of region’s 

identity 

● Improvement of 

area’s communication 

access 

● Environment <strong>and</strong> 

cultural l<strong>and</strong>scape 

protection 

● Development of 

tourist <strong>and</strong> educational 

routes network 

● Infrastructure 

development in 

accordance with the 

sustainable 

development rules 

4 Strengthening of 

institutions <strong>and</strong> 

economic actors 

acting in the region 

● Support for local 

authorities in activity 

for partnership 

<strong>and</strong> professional 

activation 226 930,00 

zł 

2.Ecological product 

(funds 83 000 euro – 

Phare 30 % Kluczbork 

municipality) 

3. Agora Network for 

sustainable tourism 

development in the 

Baltic Sea Region 

(Interreg IIIB) 390 000 

zł (70 % of total costs) 

4. 4 small projects 

concerning courses for 

activation of rural 

society -30 000 zł 

(Leader + Programme) 

5. Photographic 

contest “Rural 

climate in the 

Stobrawa River 

Valley” – for children 

– 11 440 zł 

6. Silesian cake 

holiday – 2 days – 

5000 zł 

7.Contest concerning 

LAG’s logo – 5000 zł 


Górna Prosna (Upper 

Prosna River) 


Praszka, Rudniki, 

Radłów, Byczyna 

Gorzów Śląski, Olesno 

Praszka, Rudniki, 

Radłów, Byczyna 

Gorzów Śląski, Olesno 

LEGAL FORM: 


Activity Group is based 

on act of national 

parliament on 


development 







● Support for nongovernmental 

organisations 




public-private 

partnership 

1 Tourism 

development based on 

natural potential <strong>and</strong> 

rich history 

● Creation of 

recreation <strong>and</strong> tourist 

infrastructure 


tourist service 

● Promotion <strong>and</strong> 

protection of Upper 

Prosna area’s qualities 

2 Economy 

diversification <strong>and</strong> 

creation of non 

agricultural jobs 

● Development of nonagricultural 


● Promotion of local 

products <strong>and</strong> services 


farmers’ <strong>and</strong> 

entrepreneurs’ 


composed of 41 

people 32 represent 

social sector, 3 

represent economic 

sector <strong>and</strong> 6 

represent public 

sector 





people 

5 persons are social 


1 person represent 



sector 


period 2008-2015: 

9 342 500,00 zł 



activity 1 627 222,00 


rural development - 

5 624 075,00 



entrepreneurship 1 

627 222,00 

- Small projects 2 984 

072 

- Cooperation projects- 

210 417,00 


1 534 629,00 



470 517,00 zł 

1.Chivalrous city in 

Byczyna total cost- 

4 322 182,76 – 

co-financing 

2 771 116,56 by 

European Regional 

Development Fund- 

Interreg IIIA 

2. Small projects 

concerning conferences 

<strong>and</strong> events, courses in 

the frame of Leader 

46 000,00 zł 

- Christmas songs 

concert 

- Brass b<strong>and</strong>s concerts 

in Pustków 

- Religious songs 

overview 

- Voivodeship brass 

b<strong>and</strong>s overview 

- “Stojecka Majówka” 

– event 

- Local Product – 

Absence 


Absence 

Medium


Action Group the 

group must be qualified 

for Leader II or Leader 

+ previously 

qualifications in the 

field of nonagricultural 


conference 

- Scientific seminar 

“Amonites from 

Faustianka” 

- Harvest festival 

- Jazz musicians’ 

meetings 

- Crafts – courses 

- Association 

establishment – course 

- Gathering funds for 

starting <strong>and</strong> 

development of 

enterprise 

3. International 

Lumberjack’s festival 

in Bobrowa 

23 000,00zł 

4. Experience 

exchange in terms of 

tourism between 

Rudniki municipality 

<strong>and</strong> Microregion 

Mostenka - 45 750,00 

zł 


Table 133 Local Action Group Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) 

Name of the 

territory <strong>and</strong> 

legal form 

Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 

Association of 

municipalities: 

Ozimek, Turawa, 

Zawadzkie, 

Kolonowskie, 

Zebowice, 

Dobrodzień i 

Chrząstowice. 

LEGAL FORM: 


Activity Group is 

based on act of 

national parliament 

on supporting rural 

area development 




association’ status 

with legal status. 

There is a condition: 

for being qualified as 

a Local Action Group 

the group must be 

qualified for Leader 

II or Leader + 

previously. 


1.Active, innovative 

<strong>and</strong> integrated 

society, respecting 

local traditions 

●participation of 

local societies in the 

Village Renewal 

Programme 

● respect of local 

tradition, history <strong>and</strong> 

cultural heritage 

2 developed 

recreation <strong>and</strong> 

tourism in the 


● Management of 

nature <strong>and</strong> history 

resources for tourism 

development 

● Coherent 

conception of 

exploration of natural 

<strong>and</strong> cultural resources 


farms providing 


recreation services 

Members 

<strong>and</strong> decision 

body 



people: 31 

represent social 

sector, 16 

represent 


<strong>and</strong> 7 represent 

public sector 

Decision body - 




people: 

7 represent 

public 

institutions 

(communes) 

7 are social 


3 represent 

economic sector. 

Council selects 

projects for the 

realisation. 

Budget 


period 2008-2015: 

14 544 125,10 zł 

The LAG’ Council 

selects projects up to 

the amount of the 

budget. Payment is 

realised by Agency of 

Agriculture Market 


non-agricultural activity 

1 660 000,00 zł 

Village renewal <strong>and</strong> 

rural development 

5 476 180,00 zł 

Creation <strong>and</strong> 



3 000 000,00 

Small projects 

1 500 000,00 zł 

Cooperation projects- 

212 352,00 zł 

Current expenses of 

LAG 1 400 000 zł 

Gaining skills <strong>and</strong> 

professional activation- 

652 736,00 zł 

Projects <strong>and</strong> financial 

support 

Park of Dinosaurs 

Invested in total 8 422 760 zł 

Founds form 

Regional budget of 

Ozimek Community budget 

Kolonowskie Community budget 

Regional Founds of Environment 

Protection <strong>and</strong> water management 

And national budget (Contract for 

the Region) 

<strong>and</strong> 1 588 442 European Fund of 

Regional Development 

Private investor intends to invest 

about 26 000 000 zł in the next 4 

years. 

Pedestrian trail in Krasiejów 

1 417 387,89 zł Interreg IIIA 

872 500 budget of the Region 

Tourism Information Centre in 

Ozimek - 40 686,00 – Interreg IIIA 

Cycle of projects for unemployed 

women <strong>and</strong> for modernization of 

the job market 50 000 zł (European 

Social Found) 

9 small projects aiming at activate 

<strong>and</strong> develop rural society (holiday 

for children in the country, talent 

discovery, solution to violence 

problems in the country) 

expenditure in total 200 000 zł 

financed with Community, regions, 

poviat <strong>and</strong> state budgets. 

Networkin 

g <strong>and</strong> 

cooperatio 

n among 

companies 


Absence 


Interconne 

ctions 

between 


<strong>and</strong> other 

fields 

Absence 

Disposal to 

undertake 

process of 


development 

High

Table 134 Local Action Groups: Nysa’s Principality of Lakes <strong>and</strong> Mountains <strong>and</strong> Common Sources (Nysa Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong>) 

Name of the 

territory <strong>and</strong> 

legal form 

Nyskie Księstwo 

Jezior i Gor 

(Nyskie Duchy of 

Lakes <strong>and</strong> 

Mountains) 


Głucholazy, Nysa, 

Otmuchów, 


1. Improvement of 

quality 

of life 

● Creation of public 

space favouring LAG’s 

development 

● Development of the 

area’s tourist-recreational 

attractiveness 


inhabitant’s knowledge 

<strong>and</strong> information 

accessibility 

2. Use of local 

resources 

for 


development <strong>and</strong> 

for 

inhabitant’s activity 


service in the field of 

tourist <strong>and</strong> recreation 

● Inhabitants activation 

in terms of their situation 

improvement <strong>and</strong> area’s 

development. 

3. Protection of local 

Members <strong>and</strong> 

decision body 



people 21 represent 

social sector , 5 

represent economic 

sector <strong>and</strong> 5 

represent public 

sector 





people 

6 are social 


2 people represent 



sector 

Budget 


period 2008-2015: 

14 232 7115, 50 zł 

- Diversification into non 

agricultural activity 

2017584,00 zl 


rural development – 

5173291,00 



entrepreneurship 3414 

372,00 zł 

- Small projects 1 1 

662 843,00 

- Cooperation projects- 

200688,00 zł 


1320 000,00 zł 

- Gaining capacities <strong>and</strong> 

professional activation 

463938,00 zł 

Projects <strong>and</strong> financial 

support 

1. Projects in frames of Municipal 

Village renewal Programme 2004- 

2005 – total 95 000, 00zł 

Projects in frames of Municipal 

<strong>and</strong> Poviat Village Renewal 

Programme 2005-2007 

3. Project “Discover your region” 

in Kozielno, - 6460,00 zł - Support 

for the Village Foundation 

4. “Caught in the biggest network 

in the world” – Unikowice, 

(Support for the Village Foundation) 

- 6761,05zł 

5. “Painted with cross?” - 

(Support for the Village Foundation) 

Unikowice -6761,05zł 

6. Promotion action of tourism 

resources of rural territories of Nysa 

municipality (brochures, information 

boards) total 98 000,00 co-financing 

49 000 SAPARD 

Networki 

ng <strong>and</strong> 

cooperati 

on among 

companie 

s <strong>and</strong> 

players 

Absence 


Interconnecti 

ons between 


other fields 

Absence 

Disposal to 

undertake 

process of 


development 

Low

Wspólne Źródła 

(Common Sources) 


Paczków, Biała, 

Prudnik, Korfantów 

nature <strong>and</strong> culture 

resources 

● Protection <strong>and</strong> 

revitalisation of 

environmental <strong>and</strong> 

l<strong>and</strong>scape qualities 

● Renewal <strong>and</strong> 

maintenance of cultural 

heritage for next 

generations 

1. Improvement of 

quality of life 

● Management of public 

rural areas 

● Creation of conditions 

for improvement of local 

communities integration 


environments quality 

through usage of 

alternative <strong>and</strong> renewable 

sources of energy 



people 69 


sector , 7 

represent 



public sector 





period 2008-2015: 

5 844 211,00 

-Diversification into non 

agricultural activity 

839263,00 zł 


rural development – 

1 721 564,00 



entrepreneurship - 

7. 2 events Summer of flowers- 

140 000,00 zł financed with Phare 

CBC <strong>and</strong> Interreg IIIA 

8. Green Boarderl<strong>and</strong> – sport <strong>and</strong> 

recreation picnic 108 300,00 (70 

% co-financing of Interreg IIIA) 

9. Reconstruction of pedestrian 

trail Głuchołazy (Pol<strong>and</strong>)- 

Miłkowice (Czech Republic) total 

316 998,51 (70 % co-financing by 

Interreg IIIA) 

10. Mining tourist traditions – 

goldfield promotion 6390 euro 

11. Polish-Czech culture days 

13 005,75 euro 

- time of summer festivals in 

Pradziad - NYSA Euroregion 

10686,00 euro 

12. Summer in Pradziad 

Euroregion 21 837,00 euro 

1. 2 Exhibitions of local artisan of the 

Polish –Czech borderl<strong>and</strong> 75 000 zł 

(70 % financed with Interreg IIIA funds) 

2. Youth Festival Europe of Culture – 

15 660,00 zł (financed in frame of Town 

Twinning Programme) 

3. Folklore Festival 68 525 ( 70 % 

financed with Interreg IIIA) 

4. 2 conferences on European 

measures – 27 000 zł (50 % financed 

by Polish foundations) 

- “Let’s talk about European Union” 

Absence 


Absence 

Low

● Development of composed of 9 

Internet accessibility <strong>and</strong> people 

popularizing of “remote” 7 are social 

education 


2. Support <strong>and</strong> 2 people 

promotion of 

represent 

local products economic sector 

● Protecting area’s 

traditional customs <strong>and</strong> 

promotion of the local 

artistic creative activity 

<strong>and</strong> craft 

● Promotion of culinary 

products typical for the 


● Creation <strong>and</strong> 

promotion of areas 

tourist product 

3. Local development 

based 

on local resources 

● Increasing the number of 

accommodations, 

gastronomic objects, service 

<strong>and</strong> commerce 

● Maintenance of material 

cultural heritage resources 

● Improvement <strong>and</strong> 

development of area 

inhabitant’s qualities. 

968380,00 zł 

- Small projects - 

1 455 627,00 zł 

- Cooperation projects - 

83 482,00 zł 


612 900,00 zł 

- Gaining capacities <strong>and</strong> 

professional activation - 

162 192,00 zł 

- “Be active locally” 

5. European Day in frames of “Biała 

Days” - 19 690,77zł – co-financed 

13 846,29zł 

6. “Europe without borders” – 

meeting of Friedl<strong>and</strong> cities – 

3 978,00zł 

7. Antiques from baroque on the Biała 

marketplace – Nepomucen statue 

renovation 150900zł (co-financed 

7 900zł) 

8. “Village also teaches”. Development 

of knowledge <strong>and</strong> skills of Chrzelice 

society. 10 980 zł (co-financed 9 980 – 

Village Renewal Foundation) 

9. Conference “Common Future” 

15 921,41zł (co-financed 10 950,99) 

10. Europpean Day in frames of the 

“Biała Days” 19 690,00 zł (co-financed 

13 846,29zł) 

11. Paczków Film Festival , meetings 

with Czech cinema 3 790,00 euro 


Table 135 Local Action Group Euro Country (Euro Country) 

Name of the 

territory <strong>and</strong> legal 

form 

Euro Country 

municipalities of Bierawa, 

Cisek, Głogówek, Reńska 

Wieś, Lubrza, Polska 

Cerekiew, Pawłowiczki, 

Reńska Wieś 

LEGAL FORM: 

creation of Local Activity 

Group is based on act of 

national parliament on 


development According 

to this low the Local 

Action groups have an 





Action Group the group 

must be qualified for 

Leader II or Leader + 

previously. 


1.New created offer 

based on nature <strong>and</strong> 

culture heritage 

●Development of 

tourism infrastructure 

● Creation <strong>and</strong> 

promotion of the 

complex tourism 

product 

● Use of multicultural 

character of the 

territory as a flagship 

of the territory 

2. Life level <strong>and</strong> social 

activity raise. 

● New public use 

buildings 

● Creation of the offer 

for integration, 

activation <strong>and</strong> social 

development 

● Professional 

activation of 

inhabitants. 


EURO COUNTRY- Local Action Group Euro Country 

Members 

<strong>and</strong> decision 

body 



people: 25 


sector , 8 

represent 



public sector 

Decision body - 




people: 

7 represent 

public 

institutions 

(communes) 

9 people are 

social 


3 represent 


Council select 

projects for 

realisation. 

Budget 


period 2008-2015: 

13 596 888,00 zł 

-Diversification into 


activity 2 900 000,00 


rural development 

4 800 000,00 zł 




2 900 000,00 zł 

- Small projects 

1 230 000,00 zł 

- Cooperation 

projects- 165 654,00 

zł 

- Current cost of 

LAG 1 107 235,00 zł 



activation- 

494 000,00 zł 

Projects <strong>and</strong> 

financial support 

Euro Country project- 

raise the chances for 

rural area development – 

600 000 zł in the frame of 

Leader + 

“By learning languages 

you get to know people” 

(language courses) – 

44 427, 50 zł the frame of 

Leader + 

Future in our h<strong>and</strong>s- 

courses for raising chances 

on the job market 

50 000 zł European Social 

Found 

5 projects aiming at 

creation of the proper 

condition for the 

development of rural 

society. 150 000 zł 

(Communities <strong>and</strong> some 

private sponsors) 

Networking 


cooperation 

among 

companies 


Absence 


Interconn 

ections 

between 


<strong>and</strong> other 

fields 

Absence 

Disposal to 

undertake 

process of 


development 

Low

2.5. PP6 - REGIONAL AUTHORITY OF USTI 

REGION 14 


The territory affected by mining activities <strong>and</strong> scheduled for revitalization. 

Long-term intensive mainly opencast mining of mineral resources represents substantial 

territorial <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape phenomenon transforming fully nature <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> use of the vast parts 

of the region. The total area of the territories affected in the districts Chomutov, Teplice <strong>and</strong> 

Most exceeds 50 % of district areas <strong>and</strong> in the district Ústí nad Labem 20 %. Size of opencast 

face working areas in the districts mentioned varies between 6 <strong>and</strong> 7 %. 


Type of territories 

Table 136 Characteristics of target territories (Usti Region) 


Plurality of stakeholders who hold 

various local resources 

Defined border (single unit <strong>analysis</strong>) 

Presence of small dimension real 

estates which could be converted into 



The territory affected by mining 

activities <strong>and</strong> scheduled for 

revitalization 

Area Type 1 

Territories not yet developed under the 

tourism point of view but with an 

interesting unexpressed potential 

Resources in possession of various 

stakeholders 

Low 

The area of the North Bohemian lignite 

field concerned spreading on parts of 

area of 4 Districts (Chomutov 50 %, 

Most 50 %, Teplice 50 %, Ústí nad 

Labem 20 %). 

The area is rimmed by Ore Mountain in 

the north spreading also on the German 

territory; it adjoins to the region 

Karlovy Vary in the west. To the south 

of the area there are districts Louny <strong>and</strong> 

Litoměřice <strong>and</strong> Prague follows. The 

eastern part adjoins to the district Děčín 

<strong>and</strong> the tip of Šluknov. 

Presence 

Medium 

Source: Czech Statistical Office, personal research 


Area type 1 


178

Figure 40 Defined borders of the territory (Usti Region) 

Source: geography department of PřF UJEP in Ústí nad Labem 2006 


Basic documents for Socio-economic profile are data acquired from the development 

documents of the region, the statistical yearbooks, questionnaires <strong>and</strong> personal research. 

Table 137 Geographical characteristics (Usti Region) 

Characteristics 

Average 

Item 

elevation above 

sea level 

330 

Surface (km2) 1 016 (19 %) 

Number of 

municipality 

32 municipalities registered in the project (9 %) 


� Easy / Medium 

The territory has one of the most prominent (in) positions lying on the main 

development axis „basin“ leading in tangent direction inside the Czech 

Republic with high concentration of residents <strong>and</strong> industry. 

The accessibility has to be understood in two levels. The first one monitors 

density <strong>and</strong> quality of the traffic infrastructure <strong>and</strong> the other the basic traffic 

service of the territory. 

Accessibility 

Traffic infrastructure 

Traffic connection of the territory monitored is above all provided by 

relatively dense road network of the roads I-III. rate as well as railway lines. 

Density <strong>and</strong> quality of the traffic infrastructure is of very cardinal meaning for 

traffic service of the territory. 

The transport corridors <strong>and</strong> traffic areas of the international as well as republic 

importance infringe into the territory. They are the corridor of the high-speed 


179


neighbouring 

areas 

Wood, farm, 

urban surface 

Demography 

(Inhabitants) 

line VR1 (Dresden-Prague-Brno-Vienna/Bratislava)). The main road routes of 

the ČR are e.g. the road corridors R7 (Prague–Chomutov), S8 (Chomutov- 

Hora sv. Šebestiána), <strong>and</strong> S12 (Karlovy Vary-Chomutov). 

The significant railway line of the territory is the line No 130 in direction 

Chomutov-Most-Teplice-Ústí nad Labem 

Traffic service 

The basic traffic service in the territory monitored has been provided by bus 

<strong>and</strong> passenger railway transportation 

The area is rimmed by Ore Mountain in the north spreading also in the 

German territory (the corridor S8 Chomutov-Hora sv. Šebestiána), it adjoins to 

the region Karlovy Vary in the west (the road corridor S12 Karlovy Vary- 

Chomutov). To the south of the area there are districts Louny <strong>and</strong> Litoměřice 

<strong>and</strong> Prague follows (the road corridor R7 Prague–Chomutov). The eastern part 

adjoins to the district Děčín <strong>and</strong> the tip of Šluknov - the connection is here 

provided by roads of II <strong>and</strong> III. Rate or by railway lines. 

Structure of l<strong>and</strong> resources 

The farming l<strong>and</strong> has a share of 53% in the total area of the region Ústí nad 

Labem. If taking in mind that the farming l<strong>and</strong> covers only 41% of the area 

concerned, it is apparent that it is more an industrial territory. Forests cover 

about 2 500 ha (16%), farming <strong>and</strong> arable l<strong>and</strong> 6 300 ha (41%) <strong>and</strong> other areas 

are 15 200 ha. 

Population 

Criteria EU – population density 100 inhabitants/km 2 <strong>and</strong> density of domiciles 

<strong>and</strong> their size up to 2 000 inhabitants The territory can be defined as an urban 

area though from the point of view if the individual municipalities contain also 

rural attributes. 

The region Ústí nad Labem has 354 municipalities, 284 of them are of rural 

character where the population density differs considerably according to their 

type. 

The density of population in the territory concerned is above the average 

st<strong>and</strong>ard in the context of ČR (154 inhabitants/km 2 ). The focus of occupancy 

is situated in the Ore Mountain Sub Area basin where the population density 

fluctuates between 250 <strong>and</strong> 300 inhabitants/km 2 . Although this area is 

characterized by prevailing number of small municipalities (up to 499 

inhabitants) it can be, thanks to its total character <strong>and</strong> other indexes regarded 

as occupancy of urban type. 

Table 138 Socio-economic profile (Usti Region) 

Number of inhabitants 

ÚK / 4 districts / 32 municipalities 

831 180 (100%) / 491 870 (59%)/ 151 620(18%) 

Population growth rate in the last ten years 

The population growth rate in the region Ústí nad Labem as well as in the 

chosen area is stable; the difference between individual years has not exceeded 

2%. 

Migratory balances (transfer of residence) <strong>and</strong> natural balances (rates of 

mortality <strong>and</strong> fertility) 

Low rise of the number of inhabitants can be noticed in the region Ústí nad 

Labem. The number of inhabitants in the year 1997 did not exceed 830 

thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> in the year 2007 there were already 831 180 inhabitants 

registered. The simile trend can be also seen in the territory of the districts 

concerned. But transfer of residents from towns into countryside can be 

monitored at the municipalities, where the number of residents in towns has 

been sinking but on the contrary it is rising at small municipalities. The growth 

of population is mainly caused by migration <strong>and</strong> achieved in the year 1997 


180

Density 

(Inhabitants/km 

2 

) 

Structure of the 

economy (Active 

population/emplo 

yment for sectors 

of economic 

activity) 

farming 

trade 

industry 

h<strong>and</strong>icraft 


Unemployment 


1, 2% <strong>and</strong> in the year 2007 8, 4%. 

In the territory concerned was the natural growth increment in negative, it 

made 1, 1% in 1997, but it was already 1, 2%. in 2007. Slight increase of this 

index can be monitored; municipalities are not however prepared for the 

increase of this index. Both public utilities <strong>and</strong> technical infrastructure have 

been missing so far. 

Age structure 

The average age in the region Ústí nad Labem is 39, 4 years. The average age 

in the districts concerned is by 0, 4% lower than in the region. 

The biggest number of residents make the working age population (15-64 

years), 71,8% living in the territory, the second group are children of the age 

(0-14 let) 15,6% residents living in the territory <strong>and</strong> the third group make the 

senior citizens at the age of 65 years <strong>and</strong> more, 12,6% living in the territory. 

Data time series show that the drop-off the children <strong>and</strong> working age 

population but the considerable growth of the number of senior citizen 

occurred within last 10 years. Ageing of the population is the all-European 

trend that has to be accepted as a fact. 

Old age index = ratio between the population over 65 years <strong>and</strong> the 

population between 0 <strong>and</strong> 14 years, multiplied by 100 

UK 83% / 4 districts 80%/ 32 municipalities <strong>and</strong> North Bohemian lignite coal 

mines are not monitored 

Social load index = ratio between the population in not working age (0-14 <strong>and</strong> 

> 65 years) <strong>and</strong> the working age population, multiplied by 100 

The region ÚK 39,5% / 4 districts 38,8% / 32 municipalities <strong>and</strong> North 

Bohemian lignite coal mines are not monitored 

Rate of outliers 

Only the area exceeding 480m 2 , which was affected by the mining activities, 

can be understood as no settled places. There are no other considerably remote 

places in the territory. 

UK / 4 districts / 32 municipalities 

156 / 239 / 12 

Real number of municipalities <strong>and</strong> percent of the whole region (UK) 

2,1% / 1,6% 

8,2% / 7.1% 

16,3% / 19,4% 

Cannot be specified – it is not statistically recorded 

1,9% / 2,3% 

The rate of unemployment in the territory concerned exceeds 16%. By 

estimation there are more than 17 000 economically active residents 

unemployed. 

• Average size (Small / Medium / Large) 

UK / 4 districts 

micro 52 990 / 30 438 

small 2 962 / 1 762 

medium 750 / 450 

large 147 / 100 


181

Presence of 

renewable 


Sustainable 

Mobility 

Systems 

� Number of enterprises <strong>and</strong> sector of activity 

UK / 4 districts 

farming 3 789 / 1 586 

trade 23 556 / 5 424 

industry 9 858 / 13 824 

h<strong>and</strong>icraft - cannot be specified, see above 

tourism - cannot be specified, see above 

� Presence of traditional activities like agriculture <strong>and</strong> fishing 

Yes , but in limited extent 

� Seasonality of activities 

music festivals, fairs, traditional historical markets <strong>and</strong> country festivals 

prevail in summer; 

in winter – running tracks <strong>and</strong> skiing 

presence - wind power plants, hydro-power plants 

Presence – The territory has one of the most prominent (in) position lying on 

the main development axis „basin“ leading in tangent direction inside the 

Czech Republic with high concentration of road network. Thus the reliable 

accessibility is guaranteed. 

Source: Czech Statistical Office, questionnaire survey, personal calculations 

Table 139 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Usti Region) 


Data 

� Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly data, by type of 

accommodation) 

55 000 guests come in average to the region concerned, staying in average for 3, 4 days. 

The number of overnights is 6 400. 

Decrease of attendance <strong>and</strong> overnights has been noticed since 2000. But no significant 

swing has been monitored in the last years. The differences in the individual years oscillate 

about 10%. In 2008 47 000 visitors went to see the region with the number of overnights 

6 040. The average number of overnights does not reach the republic’s level. 

� Average duration of stay (in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations) 

The average duration of stay in 2008 was 3, 4 days, i.e. 0, 8 less than the republic’s level 

stated. 

� Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations (with reference to growth or 

decline in the recent past) 

About 38% guests put up at hotels <strong>and</strong> boarding houses, the outst<strong>and</strong>ing percent puts up at 

other housing facilities (camps, lodging houses). 

� Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent past) 

Number of beds - the number of beds in the region Ústí nad Labem has dropped by about 

2 000 since 2000. The decrease in the region was by 7%. 2100 beds were registered in the 

region in 2008. 

� Average size of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations 

Average size of housing facilities in hotels are 28 rooms in outst<strong>and</strong>ing facilities 98 beds. 

� Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum theoretical 

capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) 

Rate of use of facilities is 0,18% 


182

Target, products 

<strong>and</strong> market 

� Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). Provide qualitative 

information if there are no research data. 

Motivation - purpose of visit affecting considerably the choice of target group. Motivation 

differs in seasons ( winter x summer), 

Attendance to ČR in summer ….52%/ to the region 48,3% 

Attendance to ČR in winter...15,5% / to the region 24% 

Generally the most extended visitor’s activities carried on during their holidays regardless 

of seasons are relaxation, recovery <strong>and</strong> recreation <strong>and</strong> learning the life style, people <strong>and</strong> 

culture of the country or region visited. In summer they further prefer bathing <strong>and</strong> water 

sports, in winter skiing <strong>and</strong> other winter sports. 

There are 5 main types motivating factors together. They are: 

• Average traveller 

• Monuments <strong>and</strong> history 

• Recreational sportsman 

• Easy city visitor 

• Entertainment <strong>and</strong> night life 

We can differentiate 3 main groups <strong>and</strong> 4 subgroups of visitors in ČR preferring regions 

according their eye-appeal. 

1.Young people aged 15-25 years 

2.Parents aged 26 – 40 years with children 

2.1. Families with pre-school aged children 

2.2. Families with school aged children 

3.Members of childless families <strong>and</strong> seniors aged 40 to 60 years 

3.1. „Empty nest“(childless families). 

3.2.seniors 

� Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative information if there are 

no research data. 

During the winter period people visiting ČR prefer to see cities, then relaxation, recreation 

<strong>and</strong> sporting activities follow, further night life, <strong>and</strong> visits of cultural events <strong>and</strong> 

monuments. 

In summer they are relaxation <strong>and</strong> recovery, bathing <strong>and</strong> water sports first, <strong>and</strong> then they 

visit cities, monuments, <strong>and</strong> galleries, museums, learning people, their life style, culture <strong>and</strong> 

cultural events. 

� Current product <strong>and</strong> description of good practice. 

None. 

Source: Czech Statistical Office, Czechturismus, personal calculations 


183



Natural Resources 


Český Jiřetín 

Cracked rock(839,9 m) 

serving as a natural 

lightning conductor 

Březno 

nature reserve 

Střezovská rokle 

Kadaň 

National nature reserve 

Chabařovice 

Lake Milada 

holiday area 




wooden church 

sv. Jana Křtitele 

Březno 

Church sv. Petra a Pavla 

Accessibility 

Good 

One’s own transport 

Good 


Good 


Good 


Accessibility 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

Table 140 Tourism Resource Database (Usti Region) 

Current volume of 

activity <strong>and</strong> level of 

use 


management 

public 

public 

Visitor types 

Families with school aged 

children 

Families with pre-school 

aged children 


children 


aged children 


children 


aged children 


children 


aged children 

Current 

volume of 


level of use 

Visitor types 

Families with school aged children; 

„Empty nest“ 

Seniors 


„Empty nest“; Seniors 


Church Nejsvětější trojice transport 

Duchcov 

state-owned chateau 

Duchcov 

historical town reserve 

Hrob 

Catholic church sv. Barbory 

Protestant church Vzkříšení 

Kadaň 

historical town reserve, 

castle 

Kadaň 

3 monasteries + 3 churches 

Kostomlaty 

church 

Kostomlaty 

Chateau with chapel 

Modlany 

Church sv. Apolináře 

Osek 

national monument – 

castle ruins Rýzmburk 

Osek 

Monastery sv. Kateřiny – 

National monument 

Strupčice 

Church sv. Václava 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

public 

public 



Seniors 



Seniors 

public „Empty nest“; Seniors 

public 

public 

public 

public 



Seniors 


Seniors 


Seniors 



Seniors 


public 



Seniors 



Světec Good public Families with school aged children; 


Chateau One’s own 

transport 

Světec 

Church sv. Jakuba 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Trmice 

Chateau 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Events 


Duchcov 

Casanova’s festival 

Hrob 

Hrobská Prda Open 

Chabařovice 

Chabařovice’ fair 

Kadaň 

Shrovetide 

Kadaň 

Maxipes Fík’s Birthday 

Kadaň 

Rock fest 

Kadaň 

Imperial Day 

Timing/year 


Seniors 


public 

Organisation <strong>and</strong> 

management 

Number of 

participants 

(local vs. 

visitors) 

15 Municipality/Town 10 000 







Seniors 

Visitor types 


Families with pre-school aged 

children; Young people aged 15 – 

25 years 

Young people aged 15 – 25 years; 





25 years 




25 years 



children 


cultural event 

sporting event 

social event 

social event 

social event 

5 Municipality/Town 7 000 Young people aged 15 – 25 years musical event 





social event

Kadaň 

Svatováclavské vinobraní 

(grape harvest) 

Osek 

Country festivals <strong>and</strong> fair 

Trmice 

Trmická pouť (fair) 

Activities <strong>and</strong> services (name 

<strong>and</strong> location) 

Podkrušnohorské technické 

muzeum 


3 downhill courses with 4 ski 

lifts <strong>and</strong> skiing school 


cycle <strong>and</strong> foot paths 

cross-country ski tracks of 

various difficulties 

routes for in line skating <strong>and</strong> 

roller skies 


Dam Fáje, pillar water basin, 

the only one of this kind in the 

ČR 


Flájský plavební kanál 

(navigation canal) 1624 – 1629, 



15 Municipality/Town 700 

Accessibility 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 


management 

public / public service 

organization 



interactive exhibition 

public winter season / 90 % 

public summer season / 80 % 

public 0 / 0 

public 0 / not monitored 

25 years 

Young people aged 15 – 25 years; 





25 years 



children 

Young people aged 15 – 25 years 


Visitor types 


children; Young people 

aged 15 – 25 years; 


Seniors 



aged 15 – 25 years 





Seniors 


Seniors 


Seniors 

social event 

social event 

social event

technical monument 

Březno 

Nechranická přehrada - the 

longest earth fill dam in Europe 

Březno 

cycle path Nechranická 

přehrada – Celná 

Chabařovice 

speedway 

Chabařovice 

city museum 

Chabařovice 

Private museum of coffee mills 

Chabařovice 

nature trail 

Světec 

Gallery of Vojtěch Pressing 

Braňany 

foot path leading to the lookout 

tower Kaňkov overlooking 

Czech Central Mountains 

Selský dvůr 

Agriculture tourism 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

public Summer season / 70 % 



public 

private 

public 

public 

Private 

open all the year round / 30 

% 

open all the year round / not 

monitored 











<strong>and</strong> school aged children; 

Young people aged 15 – 

25 years; „Empty nest“; 

Seniors 


<strong>and</strong> school aged children; 


25 years; „Empty nest“; 

Seniors 


children 


25 years 


Seniors 


Seniors 


<strong>and</strong> school aged children 


Seniors 


Seniors 


<strong>and</strong> school aged children 


25 years; „Empty nest“

Duchcov 

The town of Casanova 

Strupčice 

sports facility offering a 

swimming pool, 3 tennis courts, 

volleyball, beach volleyball <strong>and</strong> 

football tennis courts, minigolf, 

petangue, pitch, 

multipurpose field for 

basketball, ball hockey <strong>and</strong> in 

line skating 

Trmice 

Exhibition of model railway 

mining industry museum 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

Good 

One’s own 

transport 

public 

Summer season / not 



public 

open all the year round / 50 

% 


Seniors 





Seniors 


children 


25 years 


children 


Seniors 

Catering services Type <strong>and</strong> rating Seating capacity Level of use Guest types 

Private owned facilities 

only, cannot be 

described 

Source: questionnaire survey among municipalities, municipalities’ WEB sites, Czech Statistical Office


Table 141 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Usti Region) 


� Municipalities located close to Federal Republic of Germany 

� Presence of national <strong>and</strong> nature reserve 

� Valuable l<strong>and</strong>scape potential (Czech Central Mountains, Ore Mountain) 

� Presence of historical town reserves 

� Traditional social events (fairs, festivals) popular among visitors 

� Joint problems of mining activities – presence of marks after mining 

activities 

� Great many cycle <strong>and</strong> foot paths 

� Great many churches 

� Quality traffic infrastructure connecting individual municipalities 

� Interesting offer of attractive surroundings for Tourism in summer season 

� Minimum activity of the entire region from the view of the Tourism 

� Persistent low image of the area/region 

� Absence of optional services 

� Insufficient optional activities for leisure time esp. In winter period 

� Insufficient traffic service of the area 

� The cooperation among municipalities is not developed 

� Absence of management for Tourism <strong>and</strong> joint promotional materials 

� Lack of joint products of Tourism 

� Low quality of historical buildings 

� Insufficient offer of eating facilities 

� Low business activity 

� Insufficient offer of sporting, musical <strong>and</strong> culture events 


� Creation of joint new products of Tourism aimed at concrete target 

market segment 

� Joint public relations actions <strong>and</strong> other activities 

� Use of common problems connected with mining activities <strong>and</strong> taking 

advantage of this potential for Tourism 

� Use of external financial resources 

� Support of border <strong>and</strong> international cooperation 

� Activation of business entities as main providers of services in Tourism 

Source: Regional Authority of Usti Region 

� Centralisation of activities into h<strong>and</strong>s of one agency <strong>and</strong> herewith 

monopolization of services 

� Not taking needs of concrete target segments into account or incorrect 

choice of that subject 

� Lack of funds for realization of objectives 

� No interest for cooperation on the part of business entities. 



Table 142 Analysis of governance system (Usti Region) 


Presence <strong>and</strong> structure of 

existent Destination 

Does not exist 

Management Organisations 

Analysis of the decision-making 

Public subjects will be mainly engaged 

process 

The territory has been above all supported with allocation of 

the region Ústí nad Labem for promotion of culture <strong>and</strong> social 

events 

The investment expenditures are allocated only exceptionally 

through external donators. They are above all Severočeské doly 

a.s. financing development of civil <strong>and</strong> technical infrastructure. 

Financial support to the 

Municipalities have great chance to obtain 100 % million 

development of the area 

subsidies from the national resources for revitalization of the 

affected territory. 

There are tens of projects planned, above all building of 

engineering communications <strong>and</strong> service pipelines for new 

building development, cycle paths, parks <strong>and</strong> other activities. 

We estimate that 10 – 20 million crowns will be invested into 

revitalization of the territory in 2010. 

� Presence of national <strong>and</strong> local strategies of tourism 

development 

Legislation <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards in 

� Presence of current local policy versus tourism development 

force at the tourist destination 

� Presence of local laws in favour of private business activities 

� Quality st<strong>and</strong>ard (certification, etc) – cannot be specified 

Networking <strong>and</strong> cooperation 

Absence - they will be started within the framework of Pilot 

among companies <strong>and</strong> players 

Project preparation. 

(clubs, tourist cards…) 

Interconnection between tourism 

Absence - it will be settled within the framework of Pilot 

<strong>and</strong> other fields, like agriculture, 

Project implementation 

industry, etc. 

Presence of a br<strong>and</strong> of the territory 

Presence – the characteristic br<strong>and</strong> create mines, the territory 

Policy of destination br<strong>and</strong>ing affected by mining activities <strong>and</strong> history of mining industry. 

The strategy will be solved within the framework of Pilot 

Project 

Disposal of local community to 

undertake a process of tourism Medium 

development 

Source: Regional Authority of Usti Region 


191

2.6. PP7 - LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY OF 

LANGHE MONFERRATO ROERO 15 


Table 143 Characteristics of target territories (Cissaca Consortium) 



Area of CISSACA Consortium 

Type of territories Early stage of Area Type 2 

Plurality of stakeholders 

who hold local resources 

Defined border (single unit 

<strong>analysis</strong>) 

Presence of small 

dimension real estates 

which could be 

converted into 



High 

The Province of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria forms the south eastern part of the region 

of Piedmont. The provincial capital is the city of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria. 

To the north it borders on the Province of Vercelli <strong>and</strong> to the west on 

the provinces of Turin <strong>and</strong> Asti. 

It shares its southern border with Liguria (provinces of 

Savona <strong>and</strong> Genoa). Its south-west corner touches 

the Province of Piacenza in Emilia Romagna, while to the east it 

borders on the Lombard Province of Pavia. 

It is of particular interest the area called Alto Monferrato, 

between the Bormida di Spigno valley <strong>and</strong> Scrivia Valley. 

Medium 

Source: Local Development Agency of Langhe Monferrato Roero 


192


Table 144 Geographical characteristics (Cissaca Consortium) 


Average altitude (m.a.s.l.) 129 m 

Surface (km2) 432.88km2 (1,7% of Piedmont Region) 

Number of Municipalities 22 (1,82% of Piedmont Region) 

Accessibility <strong>and</strong> Connection 

With Neighbouring Areas 

Wood, farm, urban surface 

Very easy with all means of transport (car, train, airplane), from 

all directions <strong>and</strong> both from Italy, both from other Countries. 

As you can see in the map above, the Area is very closed to the 

main important Cities of the North-West Italy: 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria – Turin 88km 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria - Milan 85km 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria – Genoa 72km 

The area under consideration is largely rural <strong>and</strong> secondarily 

woodl<strong>and</strong>. Being a territory consisting of several small very 

small municipalities the urban surface plays a minor role. 



193

Table 145 Socio-economic profile (Cissaca Consortium) 


Demography 

� Total: 30.559 inh. (0,68% of Piedmont Region) 

� Population growth in last 10 years: + 0,05% 

� Migratory balance (Italy): +1.334 

� Migratory balance (abroad): +2.960 

� Mortality rate: 1,26 

� Fertility rate: 0,86 

� Age structure: 

AGE 0-6 7-14 0-17 15-29 

RATE 

� Old age index: +211,89 

� Social load index: 4,49% 

Density 70,59 inh/km2 

Structure of the 

economy 

15-64 

active 

pop. 

18-64 

Adults ��65 

5,59% 6,03% 14,12% 13,70% 63,77% 61,27% 24,61% 

In the referential area the structure of the economy is the following: 

� Farming: 3,6% 

� Trade: 16,76% 

� Industry: 34,1% 

� H<strong>and</strong>icraft: 11,97% 

� Tourism: 2,62% 

Unemployment 4,6% (in the whole Province) 


Presence of 

renewable energy 

systems 

Sustainable 

Mobility System 

� Average Size: medium-small 

� N° of total enterprises in the whole province 43.700 

� % of farming 30% 

� % of trade 22,8% 

� % of industry 25,4% 

The area in recent years hasn't neglected the importance of the renewable 

energy system. 

The municipality takes part in the project “PRACTISE”, co-funded by EC, 

that is a transnational project supporting the implementation of sustainable 

energy practices in local communities, in conformity with EU goals. 

The project foresees the realisation of activities aimed to promote energy 

efficiency <strong>and</strong> alternative energy, promoting energy citizenship <strong>and</strong> 

mobilising local energy actors <strong>and</strong> creating a widespread culture of energetic 

sustainability sharing <strong>and</strong> supporting <strong>and</strong> mobilization of energy local actors. 

Furthermore, among all the plants producing renewable energies, including 

biogas, is noteworthy to mention the “Photovoltaic Village” of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 

<strong>and</strong> photovoltaic solar parks scattered in its province. 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria pays a lot of attention to an efficient <strong>and</strong> capillary public <strong>and</strong> 

sustainable mobility system. 



194

Data 

Table 146 Tourism sector, supplì <strong>and</strong> dem<strong>and</strong> (Cissaca Consortium) 


� As far as the whole province of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria is concerned, in 2008 there 

were 594.246 overnights (69,15% from Italy), 7, 97% more than 2007 

<strong>and</strong> 269.866 arrivals (68% Italian visitors), 9,11% more than 2007. 

The average duration of stay is 1,81. 

Data concerning the referential area: 

� Number of hotels: 6 

� Number of beds: 136 

� Average size of accommodations: medium-small 

� Rate of use of facilities: low 

Tourism in the province of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria has now made a final choice in 

favour of quality, both concerning structures (hotels, restaurants, 

farmhouses, bed <strong>and</strong> breakfast), <strong>and</strong> the dem<strong>and</strong> of customers <strong>and</strong> 

consumers. 

The area taken into account is an area characterized by a lack of common 


identity (the only identity is the Consortium itself) with a lot of wonderful 

market 

tourist peculiarities (such as castles, the Cittadella of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria <strong>and</strong> so 

on) which are not adequately exploited. 

The current target of visitors in the area are families or tourists that are 

looking for quiet, relax, nature <strong>and</strong> good wine <strong>and</strong> food. They are mainly 

Italian or German tourists. 



195



Park of the river Po 

Special Nature 

Reserve of Orba creek 

(Predosa- 

Casalcermelli) 

“Strade dei 

campionissimi” 

Tourist bycicle path in 

the nature 

(Carentino) 



Torrione della 

Gattara <strong>and</strong> clock 

tower 

Two ancient towers in 

Castellazzo Bormida 

Private Castle which 

host the museum of 

cinema (Bergamasco) 

Torre Ratti Castle 

(Borghetto Borbera) 


Table 147 Tourism Resources Database (Cissaca Consortium) 

Accessibility Current Volume of 


use 

Visitor Types 

very easy accessibility 150.000 visitors Local or tourists taking 

a ride 

Good road connection 

that allows easy access 

Very easy accessibility 

even if dipped into 

nature 

About 150.000 visitors 

mainly concentrated in 

summertime 

Accessibility Ownership 


Very easy access due to 

its nearness with a 

highway <strong>and</strong> the 

province capital 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 

This Municipality is 

well linked to the others 

Though it is more 

isolated than other 

Private 

(Carlo Leva, 

designer) 

Private 

School children, 

families, nature lovers 

in general both Italian 

<strong>and</strong> foreign 

n/a data Bike <strong>and</strong> nature lovers 

<strong>and</strong> families especially 

local tourists 

Current Volume of activity 


Visitor types 

management 

Public Average attendance of about Tourist groups, school children, art 

400 visitors per castle per year, 

with higher attendances 

registered by structures as the 

Bergamasco castle which host 

the museum of cinema. 

lovers in general from Italy <strong>and</strong> abroad 


Tourist groups, school children, art 



lovers in general from Italy <strong>and</strong> abroad

Castle “Scazzoso- 

Foresto” 

(Castelletto 

Monferrato) 

Redabue Castle 

(Masio) 

Calcaterra Castle now 

a tourist structure 

(Oviglio) 

Pavone Castle 

(Pietra Marazzi) 

Piovera Castle 

(Piovera) 

Lajone Castle <strong>and</strong> 

Rocca Civalieri 

(Quattordio) 

Faa’ di Bruno Castle 

(Solero) 

municipalities, 

Borghetto Borbera is 

accessible, being close 

to the highway which 

connects Alex<strong>and</strong>ria 

with Genoa 

Well connected not 

only because it’s near to 

the Province Capital, 

but also because it is 

close to the highway 

linking Aless<strong>and</strong>ria to 

the Swiss 

Quite well connected 

<strong>and</strong> halfway through 

Asti <strong>and</strong> Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 

Extremely accessibility 

due to its nearness with 

two important highways 

Well connected <strong>and</strong> 

extremely close to the 

highways linking Turin 

to the Lombardy 


close to the highways 

linking Turin to the 

Lombardy 


very close to the 


to the Lombardy. It is 

also halfway through 

Asti <strong>and</strong> Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 


extremely close to the 

Private 

(Counts 

Avogadro di 

Vigliano) 




Private Tourist groups, school children, art 






Average attendance of about 

400 visitors per castle per year, 

with higher attendances 


registered by structures as the lovers in general from Italy <strong>and</strong> abroad 

Bergamasco castle which host 

the museum of cinema. 

Public 

(Municipality) 

Both private 

(both are 

tourist 

structures) 

Public 

(Municipality) 




lovers in general from Italy <strong>and</strong> abroad

Events 


Castelli Aperti – Open 

Castles 

“Palio dell'oca” 

Folkloristic festival 

(Castellazzo Bormida) 

“Businà di Carnevale” 

A historical festival to 

celebrate Carnival in 

Castelletto Monferrato 

Activities <strong>and</strong> 

services 


Transports 

Sport structures 

(riding schools, rings, 

bicycle paths, motor 

paths,…) 


to the Lombardy. It is 

also very close to the 

Province Capital. 

Timing Ownership <strong>and</strong> 

management 

May-October 

3 rd Sunday of 

September 

Current 

Volume of 


level of use 

About 

253.000 per 

year 

Carnival time public n/a 

Accessibility Ownership <strong>and</strong> 

management 

Visitor types 

Tourist groups, school children, 

families <strong>and</strong> art lovers in general 

from Italy <strong>and</strong> abroad 

public n/a Mainly local tourists 

Current Volume of 


Very easy accessibility Private <strong>and</strong> Public Extremely high level of 

use even if with 

relevant discomforts 

related to delays of the 

public transport <strong>and</strong> 

scarcity in private 

Mainly local tourists 


use 

transport frequency 

Visitor types 

No specific visitor type 

Easy accessibility Public High level of use Mainly local young 

people, but also tourist 

looking for fun in the 

nature. 

In general the whole 

area is well connected 

to Lombardy <strong>and</strong> 

Liguria, <strong>and</strong> to the 

Swiss thanks to a 

capillary network of 

road <strong>and</strong> highways as 

well as railway 

transport. 

Moreover in the area 

there are a lot of 

attractions <strong>and</strong>

I.A.T. 

Tourist information 

<strong>and</strong> reception office 

Alexala 

agency for the 

development of 

tourism in the 

Province of 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 

Extremely easy 

accessibility via web, 

easy accessibility in 

loco (there is a I.A.T in 

every main municipality 

of the Province). 

Extremely easy 

accessibility via web 

(it is translated in 

English <strong>and</strong> German) 

<strong>and</strong> in loco. 

Services <strong>and</strong> information for tourists structures for tourists, 

especially with regard 

to food services, even if 

the area itself is 

underestimate <strong>and</strong> less 

Public Moderate level of use Tourists in general 

Public Fairly Good level of 

use 

Tourists in general 

Catering services Type <strong>and</strong> rating Seating Capacity Level of Use Guest Type 

In the area taken into 

account, there is a 

considerable number 

of food services for the 

most part of 

traditional cuisine. 

Each municipality has 

at least one restaurant 

without exclusion. 

Restaurants of typical 

regional cuisine with 

medium prices (except 

some local excellences 

that has higher prices 

than average). 

The average price is 20- 

30€ 


For the most part these 

are small-medium 

restaurants 

(more or less 50 places) 

High <strong>and</strong> very high 

level of use of these 

typical restaurants 

It depends from 

restaurant to restaurant, 

but generally there is no 

a specific guest type 


known. 

In all these sites tourists 

can find a lot of useful 

information concerning 

the accommodation, the 

place to visit, the 

territory <strong>and</strong> all the 

events. 

They could also find 

important information 

concerning how to 

reach the area <strong>and</strong> 

transports to move 

along the territory.

2.7. PP8 - DISTRICT OFFICE FORCHHEIM 16 



Table 148 Characteristics of target territories (part of Forchheim District) 


Territory Name Part of L<strong>and</strong>kreis Forchheim 

Type of territories 

Area Type 1 <strong>and</strong> Area Type 2 (Not yet developed 

+ already started tourism activities) 




High presence 

Border of local authorities: 

7 of 29 local authorities /communities („Upl<strong>and</strong>“) 

- clusters 

Gemeinde Hetzles 




Markt Igensdorf 

Gemeinde Kirchehrenbach 

Gemeinde Kleinsendelbach 

Gemeinde Kunreuth 

Gemeinde Leutenbach 

Markt Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 

Preferential 

Presence of small dimension Presence 

real estates which could be 



Medium 

Source: District Office Forchheim 

Preferential 


200


Table 149 Geographical characteristics (part of Forchheim District) 


Average altitude 

318 

(m.a.s.l.) 

Surface (km2) 111,95km 2 / 17.4% of entire region L<strong>and</strong>kreis Forchheim 

Number of municipality 7 

� Easy 

� Access by car via federal roads B2 Nuremberg – Bayreuth <strong>and</strong> 

B470 Bad Windsheim - Weiden, several country roads 

� Public transport: ICE high-speed train Berlin – Munich with stops 

in Bamberg, Erlangen <strong>and</strong> Nuremberg (about 15-30km) 

� regional bus system with connections to/from Forchheim <strong>and</strong> 

Erlangen; no bus connection to Forchheim on Sundays! 

Accessibility 

� regional train R 22 Forchheim-Ebermannstadt („Wiesenttalbahn“) 

with stop in Kirchehrenbach <strong>and</strong> R 21 Nürnberg Nordost – 

Gräfenberg (“Gräfenbergbahn”) with stop in Igensdorf 

� individual non motorised transport: close system of extensively 

used agricultural paths, hiking trail system (circular routes) <strong>and</strong> 

biking network with regional <strong>and</strong> supra-regional routes 

� Nuremberg International Airport (ca. 25km), Airfield Hetzles 

(gliding, motor gliding, ballooning, parachuting) 

� very good infrastructure (s. above), well-connected to further parts 

of the Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> other tourism areas like 

Steigerwald, Aischgrund etc.; well-connected to the urban areas of 

Nuremberg, Bamberg (World Heritage Site), Erlangen, the sources of 


day trippers <strong>and</strong> business travellers 

� strong exchange with the urban areas of N, BA, ER (commuters, 


tourists) – 15-30km 

� cooperation with the public transport association VGN -> travel 

tips, weekend hiking <strong>and</strong> biking routes (www.vgn.de/CFF6B06F- 

C0B4-11D7-AE44-00034709FE0C ) 

� Part of the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region 

� open, sunny <strong>and</strong> hilly l<strong>and</strong>scape, agriculturally <strong>and</strong> forestry used 

� important fruitgrowing <strong>and</strong> fruit processing area, esp. cherries, 

Wood, farm, urban 

plums, apples 

surface 

� percentages 

� see attachment 



201

Table 150 Socio-economic profile (part of Forchheim District) 


� Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region: 

21040 / 18.6% of entire region (L<strong>and</strong>kreis Forchheim) 

� Population growth rate in the last ten years: 

23.3 (+8.9 up to +56.2) – due to closeness to cities of Erlangen 

<strong>and</strong> Nuremberg 

� Migratory balances (transfer of residence) <strong>and</strong> natural balances 

(rates of mortality <strong>and</strong> fertility) 


� Age structure 

Demografy (Inhabitants) 


� Old age index = ratio between the population over 65 years <strong>and</strong> 

the population between 0 <strong>and</strong> 14 years, multiplied by 100: 98.2 

(79.1 up to 188.8) –> details see attachment 

� Social load index = ratio between the population in not working 

age (0-14 <strong>and</strong> > 65 years) <strong>and</strong> the working age population, 

multiplied by 100: 47.5 –Y details see attachment 

� Rate of outliers / commuters 


Density (Inhabitants/km2) 185 (91 up to 303) 

Structure of the economy � see attachment 

(Active 

population/employment for 

sectors of economic activity) 

farming Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region 

trade Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region 

industry Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region 

h<strong>and</strong>icraft Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region 

tourism Right number <strong>and</strong> percent of entire region 

� Number of unemployed residents -> see attachment 

Unemployment 

� Unemployment rate administrative district Forchheim: 4.4% 

(August 2009) 

� Average size (Small / Medium / Large) 

� Number of enterprises <strong>and</strong> sector of activity (farming, trade, 

industry, h<strong>and</strong>icraft, tourism) 



� Presence of traditional activities like agriculture <strong>and</strong> fishing 

� Seasonality of activities 

Absence / presence (description) 

� Intensive use of solar energy (agricultural buildings, apartments) 

Presence of renewable 

� Many biogas plants 


� Very few (1) wind energy plants (conflict with l<strong>and</strong>scape 

asthetics!) 

Presence (description) 

� Regional bus system (partly with natural gas) incl. shared taxi, 

coordinated by the administrative district Forchheim; lines 223 

<strong>and</strong> 224 are part of the pilot territory (see www.vgn.de) 


� Bus station Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> with excellent connections to 

Systems 

Erlangen <strong>and</strong> Forchheim 

� Online car-pool platform under construction for the whole 

Nuremberg Metropolitan Area 

� Regional trains by Deutsche Bahn AG 



202

Table 151 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (part of Forchheim District) 


Data � Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights (succession of last 10 years, with monthly 

data, by type of accommodation) 

� Average duration of stay (in hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations) – 

only available for administrative district Forchheim ! 

� Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations (with reference to 

growth or decline in the recent past) 

� Number of beds (with reference to growth or decline in the recent 

past) -> see attachment 


� Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum 

theoretical capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) 


market 


� Current targets (characteristics of visitors: family, groups, etc). 

Provide qualitative information if there are no research data. 

• So far, there is no real strategy for the attraction of specific 

target groups 

• In most cases, people from the Metropolitan Region Nuremberg 

(i.e. especially the bigger cities Nuremberg, Erlangen, Fürth) are 

attracted for weekend-travels during the whole year 

• National <strong>and</strong> international guests are attracted by the 

advertisement of the Tourism Office Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

which includes the providers <strong>and</strong> tourism networks in the pilot 

territory 

• Single hotels <strong>and</strong> providers of holiday flats attract business 

travellers of the Nuremberg fair 

� Reference market (international, domestic). Provide qualitative 

information if there are no research data. 

• As far as we know, no benchmarking strategies are available for 

the envisaged pilot territory, as well as for the whole Franconian 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. Slight approaches were made in the context of the 

development of the mission statement of the Franconian 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong> in 2004. The discussion <strong>and</strong> development of a 

strategy for the pilot territory might be an important point to 

discuss <strong>and</strong> develop within the LISTEN project. 


• In the pilot territory the offering of tourism activities around 

“Breweries <strong>and</strong> Distilleries” as well as the Walberla hill is the 

preferential tourism product. 

• This applies especially to those local authorities located in the 

Northern part of the pilot territory. There is no joint product for 

the whole territory <strong>and</strong> it might be difficult to create one because 

of its heterogeneity (orientation to Forchheim or to 

Erlangen/Nuremberg, l<strong>and</strong>scape barriers, mental <strong>and</strong> traditional 

socio-cultural differences (catholic <strong>and</strong> protestant communities) 



203





Regional resources 

Naturpark / Natural 

park “Fränkische 

Schweiz - 

Veldensteiner Forst“ 

(Hetzles, 

Kirchehrenbach, 

Kunreuth, 

Leutenbach) 

Cherry gardens <strong>and</strong> 

plantages around the 

Walberla hill 

Municipality of Hetzles 

Hetzleser Berg / 

Hetzlas hill (549m) -> 

view to Bamberg 

Accessibility 

Table 152 Tourism Resource Database (part of Forchheim District) 



use 

easy difficult to measure; no 

official statistics 

easy – medium – 

difficult (depends 

on ownership of 

the gardens <strong>and</strong> 

the existence of 

tracks) 

guided tours, cherry selfpicking 

easy during the whole year; 

depends on weather 

conditions 

cherry blossoms in Mar/Apr 

countryside restaurant 

“Streitbaum” open on 

Sunday; very homely, with 

Visitor types 

hikers, bikers, climbers, oarsmen, 

anglers etc. 

weekend tourists, local people, 

families, photographers, hikers <strong>and</strong> 

bikers 

hikers, climbers, aviators; local 

people <strong>and</strong> many weekend 

travellers from Erlangen, 

Nuremberg; many people from the 

big cities return later after they met 

the hill during cherry blossom time 


www.naturpar 

kinfo.de 

www.walberla 

.de 

Nature park is such a 

large area spread over 

several administrative 

districts; parts are 

marginalised 

mountainous areas, 

others urbanised – 

difficult to measure due 

to the lack of staff (one 

person in charge)

Old lime trees 


Lindelberg, 

Eberhardsberg 

(533m) with natural 

monument 

„Teufelstisch“ 

River valleys of 

Lillach <strong>and</strong> 

Rüsselbach 

Municipality of Kirchehrenbach 

Prehistoric 

“Walberla” hill 

(512m) <strong>and</strong> 

Rodenstein with 

geotope “Steinerne 

Frau” with protected 

semi-dry flora (nature 

protection area) <strong>and</strong> 

reconstructedCceltic 

wall 

cockle stove; small dishes 


Easy - medium on private ground (centre of 

beer garden Mendelwirt) 

depends on use of beer gardens; 

hikers, bikers, guests of the beer 

garden “Schuisenwirt” 

easy difficult to measure mostly hikers network of hiking trails 

Rüsselbach: easy 

Lillach valley: 

medium (= 

protected as 

natural 

monument; source 

part of the nature 

park Fränkische 

Schweiz – 

Veldensteiner 

Forst) 

medium 

(submountainous 

parking area, 

hiking paths, 

nature protection 

area!) 

intensively used hikers, bikers Rüsselbach trail connected 

with the Erlangen biking 

trail systen 

individual walks, guided 

botanic tours, religious 

processions to the St. 

Walburga chapel, Walberla 

festival (May) 

-> botanical <strong>and</strong> 

archaeological guided tours; 

several tours per month 

-> big run on archaeological 

tours after the reconstruction 

of the Celtic weall, financed 

by LEADER 

hikers, climbers, religious people, 

people interested in geology, nature 

<strong>and</strong> species protection, protohistory 

(Celts); Walberla festival guests; 

local people, regional guests 

(Nuremberg, Fürth, Erlangen), 

holiday guests from all over 

Germany 


hiking trail “Lillingweg” 

http://www.weissenohe.de/ 

index.php?id=29&L=0 

http://www.walberla.de/ 

das_walberla/

Municipality of Kleinsendelbach 

Schwabach river 

valley with water mills 

Municipality of Kunreuth 

Hudewege / Sheep 

drifts Kunreuth 

Regensberg / 

Rangener Berg with 

ruine of a castle <strong>and</strong> a 

chapel 

Municipality of Leutenbach 

Sinterstufen / tufa 

cascades <strong>and</strong> St. 

Moritz fountain 

(former oracle 

fountain) 

(Leutenbach) 

Burgstein hill with 

viewpoint <strong>and</strong> relicts 

of Burgstall castle 

(Mittelehrenbach) 

Show garden with 

fruits <strong>and</strong> agricultural 

crops (Leutenbach) 

Markt Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 

Rödlas hill -> views to 

Nuremberg 


easy (hiking <strong>and</strong> 

biking paths); 

mills difficult 

(under private 

use) 

difficult to measure, no 

statistics 

hikers, bikers 

easy low hikers, bikers potential to be restored; no 

official signposts yet; part 

medium (steep 

hiking trail) 

high (two restaurants attract 

people) 

easy 500-600 persons / year 

estimated 

medium (steep 

hiking trail) 

500-600 persons / year 

estimated 

easy daily hikers, bikers, bus tourists, local 

people 


of “Kulturweg Kunreuth” 

hikers, hotel guests, locals very nice path through old 

cherry gardens; impressive 

view from the hill; network 

of hiking trails 

easy no statistics available hikers, bikers; in former times also 

skiers; local people but also 

weekend travellers from ER <strong>and</strong> N 

hikers, bikers not too much advertisement 

planned due to nature 

protection reasons 

hikers support/advertisement 

through hiking trail 

“Kulturerlebnis Fränkische 

Schweiz” (infopoint) 

Individual catering wih 

local food possible 

Wurzhütte open at the 

winter weekends


(name <strong>and</strong> location) Accessibility 

Regional resources 

Restored Franconian 

half-timbered houses 

(esp. 


Leutenbach, St. 

Laurentius Hetzles, 

Neunkirchen am 

Br<strong>and</strong>) 

Churches (St. 

Bartholomäus 

Kirchehrenbach, St. 

Jakob Leutenbach, 

Kunreuth, St. 

Laurentius Hetzles, 

Ermreuth, St. 

Michael Neunkirchen 

am Br<strong>and</strong>) 

Traditional woodfired 

baking ovens 

for stonebaked 

breads 

easy – medium 

– difficult 

(depends on the 

current type of 

use – private or 

public 

ownership) 

easy-medium, 

normally open 

(protestant 

„Open Church 

Initiative“ from 

10a.m.-4p.m.) 

Ownership 


management 

many private 

houses (living 

houses + 

business houses), 

several public 

(townhall, 

library etc.) 

catholic <strong>and</strong> 

protestant church 

easy municipalities, 

local 

associations 

Current 

volume of 


level of use 

guided tours 

with fluctuant 

number of 

participants 

difficult to 

measure, 

weekly / daily 

use for private or 

business use 

(bakeries); use 

during events for 

traditional onion 

cakes 

Visitor types 

hikers, bikers, families, local 

people <strong>and</strong> guests from 

Nuremberg/Erlangen 

hikers, bikers, culturally 

interested people (concerts etc.) 

local people 


Distillery visits 

around the Walberla 

hill 

Biking trails of 

district Forchheim 

Way of St. James, 

Upper Franconia 

GPS-based LEADER 

regional trail 

„Kulturerlebnis 

Fränkische Schweiz“ 

/ Cultural event 

Franconian 


Westlicher 

Albr<strong>and</strong>weg 

(Igensdorf – Hetzles – 

up to the North) with 

panorama to 

Nuremberg 

Genießerwege 

around the Walberla 

easy tourism 

association 

“Rund ums 

Walberla e.V.” 

Additionally 

weekly guided 

tours with 

fluctuating 

number of 

participants 

hikers, bikers, epicures 

Signposted hiking <strong>and</strong> biking trails (with display board maps) 

easy district office 

Forchheim, local 


Free State of 

Bavaria (depends 

on type of the 

street) 

easy Working group 

“St. Jacobs Way 

Upper 

Franconia” 

easy LEADER in 

ELER project 

easy Fränkische 

Albverein 

(signposting, 

maintenance 

easy tourism 

association Rund 

difficult to 

measure 

difficult to 

measure; no 

statistics 

difficult to 

measure; no 

statistics 

difficult to 

measure 

difficult to 

measure 

locals (evenings, weekends), 

regional people (evenings, 

weekends, business reasons) 

supra-regional hikers, sometimes 

international guests 

hikers, bikers, culturally 

interested people 

hikers, bikers; local people <strong>and</strong> 

from ER <strong>and</strong> N 


http://www.jakobusgesellschaften.de/index.php/ 

jakobsweg_von_lichtenfels_nach_n 

uernberg.html 

labelled; meta-network of cultural 

trails <strong>and</strong> historic sites 

GPS navigators can be borrowed in 

pubs <strong>and</strong> restaurants 

Now “Frankenweg” – certified 

hiking trail 

hikers, bikers just started in September 2009; 

basing on existing trails but new

hill ums Walberla 

e.V. (concept, 

folder), 

Fränkische 

Schweiz Verein 

(signposting, 

Hiking trail <strong>and</strong> cycle 

route along the 

international tourist 

route 

“Burgenstraße” / 

Castle Road 

Several hiking trails 

of Fränkische 

Albverein 

Former Celtic refuge 

fort 

VGN weekend hiking 

tip “Über den 

Hetzleser Berg” 

Ruine “Burgstall 

Hainburg” on 

Mitteldorfer Berg, 

Igensdorf 

maintenance) 

easy Die 

Burgenstraße 

e.V., Heilbronn 

easy Fränkische 

Albverein 

(signposting, 

maintenance 

difficult to 

measure, no 

countings <strong>and</strong> 

statistics 

difficult to 

measure 


concept 

hikers, bikers http://www.burgenstrasse.de/ 

crosses pilot territory near Hetzles, 

goes through Neunkirchen; but only 

advertisement in this campaign for 

Forchheim <strong>and</strong> Nuremberg which 

are members of the Burgenstraße 

hikers, bikers http://www.fraenkischeralbverein.d 

e 

easy 

Municipality of Hetzles 

no possibilities 

to measure 

hikers 

easy http://www.vgn.de/6cc797a1-c9d5c886-7e9c-9c2a4b1093fe 

responsible person on holidays; 

email request 

easy 

Municipality of Igensdorf 


to measure; 

hidden place 

without any 

signposting -> 

possibly low 

hikers activities to improve <strong>and</strong> signpost 

the area planned in the LEADER 

project

Sonnen- und 

Planetenweg / Sun 

<strong>and</strong> planet trail 

Igensdorf 

Ruines of the Celtic 

area on the Walberla 

hill 

Kulturgutscheune 

Kulturgeschichtlicher 

W<strong>and</strong>erweg 

“Spurensuche 

Kunreuth” / Cultural 

trail Kunreuth with 

old buildungs, places 

<strong>and</strong> former uses 

Schloss Kunreuth / 

Kunreuth Castle 

Castle ruin <strong>and</strong> 

chapel Regensberg 

easy Municipality of 

Igensdorf 

frequency 


to measure 

hikers, bikers, local people <strong>and</strong> 

many from Erlangen due the 

connection to the Erlangen biking 

trail system; also people from 

Nuremberg who arrive with the 

Gräfenbergbahn 


3,2km; since 02/2008; starting <strong>and</strong> 

end point at train stations 

“Igensdof” <strong>and</strong> “Rüsselbach”; night 

walk in Sept. 09, organised by the 

municipality; 

maintenance of the trail by the 

municipality <strong>and</strong> private owners 

easy municipality of 


Fränkische 

Schweiz Verein, 

Municipality of Kirchehrenbach 

hikers, families; guided tours 

LEADER project 

Municipality of Kleinsendelbach 

easy Gasthaus Rose local people, people from 

Erlangen 

No answer to inquiry 

easy Municipality of 

Municipality of Kunreuth 

locals, hikers, bikers Presented during the German Day 

Kunreuth 

of Open Heritage 2001; displays 

(major) <strong>and</strong> 

<strong>and</strong> flyers available along the path; 

University of 

connection to LEADER trail 

Erlangen 

planned 

difficult, only 

during few 

events p. year 

ruin: easy 

(private owner, 

but public 

roads/trails) 

chapel: key at 

Berggasthof 

private owner labelled; few times per year public 

concerts in the courtyard (see event) 

private owner hard to measure http://de.wikipedia.org/ 

wiki/Burgruine_Regensberg_(Kunr 

euth)

Trachtenstube / 

Traditional 

costumes’ show room 

(Leutenbach) 

Pilgrimage chapel St. 

Moritz <strong>and</strong> hermit 

house Leutenbach 

Relicts of a silver 

mine near St. Moritz 

cascades 

(Leutenbach) 

Ensemble of medieval 

<strong>and</strong> baroque city of 


Br<strong>and</strong> (former 

Augustinian 

monastery, St. 

Michael’s church, 4 

gates, Zehntspeicher 

etc.) 

Synagogue with 

Jewish museum, 

Jewish cemetery, 

Ermreuth 

Hötzelein 

every last 

Sunday/month 

from April to 

October; 

individual 

opening for 

groups 

medium (opened 

by the sacristan 

on dem<strong>and</strong>) 

Fränkische 

Schweiz Verein 

Municipality of Leutenbach 

from 1-2 persons 

to buses 

local people, weekend tourists 

from N/FÜ/ER, holiday makers, 

some from foreign countries 

Catholic church local people; people from abroad 

(individuals <strong>and</strong> groups) -> chapel 

is an attractive place to marry 

Municipality of Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 

easy Municipality of hard to measure culturally interested people 

Neunkirchen 

(locals <strong>and</strong> day trippers), shoppers 

medium 

(opening hours 

every first Sun 

per month, Apr- 

Oct 2-6 p.m., 

Nov-Mar 2-5 

Zweckverb<strong>and</strong> 

Synagoge 

Ermreuth 

readings, 

Klezmer 

concerts, 

exhibitions, 

festivities, 

lectures; 2500- 

People from Erlangen <strong>and</strong> Admin. 

District Erlangen-Höchstadt 

(Eckental) as well as Nuremberg; 

individual holiday guests from the 

whole Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>; 

hiking groups; scientific 


www.fsv-leutenbach.de 

for the future more thematic 

exhibitions planned to increase 

people’s interest 

hermit house will be renovated 

within the LEADER project; is 

passed when people enter the chapel 

(infopoint about hermits in Upper 

Franconia planned) 

no information available

Heilig-Grab-Kapelle / 

Holy Grave Chapel 

at Gugel hill, 


Br<strong>and</strong> 

Felix-Müller- 

Museum 



(expressionistic 

artist) 

Local exhibition with 

h<strong>and</strong>icraft <strong>and</strong> 

traditional costumes 

at former train 

station „Seku“ 


p.m.) 3000 / year associations from universities 

Erlangen <strong>and</strong> Bamberg; schools / 

teachers <strong>and</strong> senior people; few 

from foreign countries; culturally 

interested, descendants of 

open from Palm 

Sunday to All 

Hallows’ Day, 

rest of the year 

closed, but with 

free view inside 

the chapel 

medium 

(opening times 2 

hours on 

Sunday) 

medium, 

flexible opening 

hours (access 

via 

Heimatverein 


Br<strong>and</strong>) 

Heilig-Grab- 

Kapelle-Stiftung 

(foundation), 


by Markt 

Neunkirchen 

Markt 


Br<strong>and</strong> in 

cooperation with 

the Gertrud- 

Müller-Stiftung 

(foundation) 

Heimatverein 



hard to measure 

3-4 larger groups 

per year (guided 

tours) 

only guided 

tours for single 

visitors / groups 

Franconian Jewish families 

people interested in arts, groups 

of elder people, managers, … 

cultural tourists 


mostly local people building under restauration, 

exhibition under development

Events 

(name <strong>and</strong> 

location) 

Overall events on regional level 

Religious festivities 

(Good Friday, 

Corpus Christi <strong>and</strong> 

Saint Martins’ 

processions, St. 

Marie’s processions) 

Franconian 


marathon <strong>and</strong> car- 

free Sunday 

Day of Open 

Heritage “Locations 

of consumption” 

Vernissagen “Kunst 

und Genuss” / 

Vernissages „Arts 

<strong>and</strong> Consumption“ 

+ exhibition Oct-Dec 

Tag der offenen 

Brennereien / Open 

Day of distilleries 

with tastings 

Advents- 

Weihnachtsmärkte / 

Advent <strong>and</strong> 

Christmas Markets 

Guided tours 

(natural, cultural, 

historic etc.) 

Timing 

Organisation 


management 

Number of participants 

(local vs. visitors) 

Visitor types 

easy Local churches not measurable local <strong>and</strong> regional (Erlangen, 

Nuremberg) people; some 

tourists from abroad 

every first 

September 

weekend 

every year 

13 September 

2009 

vernissages end of 

Sept every year 

exhibition end of 

Sept-Dec every 

year 

District Office 

Forchheim 

Rund ums 

Walberla e.V. 

Rund ums 

Walberla e.V. 

October Rund ums 

Walberla e.V. 

End of November 

/ December 


churches, 

associations 

on dem<strong>and</strong> single person, 

some certified 

several tenthous<strong>and</strong>s marathon runners, bikers, hikers, 

scater, skiker, parents with 

buggys 

300-400 (estimated for 

Kunreuth) 

depends on advertisement 

of artists <strong>and</strong> gastronomes; 

10-60 persons per 

vernissage; number of 

visitors of exhibition not 

measurable 

½ local people, ½ from 

elsewhere 

regional guests from N/FÜ/ER 

<strong>and</strong> beyond; holiday guest from 

Germany <strong>and</strong> foreign countries; 

only few people from City of 

Forchheim <strong>and</strong> Admin. District 

of Forchheim 

2008: more than 10.000 local people, regional guests 

from N/FÜ/ER <strong>and</strong> beyond 

not measured yet local people, regional visitors 

N/FÜ/ER 

2 persons up to buses regional guests; holiday makers 

from Germany <strong>and</strong> foreign 

countries 


14 artists, 12 

gastronomes

country fair 

Marktfest / Market 

festival 

Walberla-Fest / 

Walberla-Festivity 

Kirchehrenbacher 

Kulturwochen / 

Cultural Weeks 

---------- 

Spring concert 

Weingarts 

A capella night 

Kunreuth 

Open Air Konzert 

Schloss Kunreuth / 

Open air concert 

castle Kunreuth 

Country fair 

“Kirchweih”) 

August every year Municipality of 


some hundreds - thous<strong>and</strong> local people, weekend-tourists 

Hetzles / 

gastronomes 

Gemeinde Igensdorf 

from N/ER 

August every year Municipality of Several hundred people - Local people, weekend-tourists 

Igensdorf 

thous<strong>and</strong>s 

Gemeinde Kirchehrenbach 

from N <strong>and</strong> ER 

01 May yearly Municipality of tenthous<strong>and</strong>s hikers, weekend-tourists from 

Kirchehrenbach 

the Nuremberg <strong>and</strong> Erlangen 

urban areas 

October 2009 Kunst- und up to 50/60 people at 

Kulturverein readings/concerts etc.; 150 

Kirchehrenbach e. guests at Walberla open air 

V. 

theatre 

spring, free for all Choral society 

“Germania 

Weingarts” 

31.10.09 (once a 

year) 

Vokalensemble 

TrubaDur 

Kunreuth 

May / June Choral society 

“Germania 

Weingarts” 

October Municipality of 

Leutenbach 

Gemeinde Kleinsendelbach 


~200 local people 

250, could be more (very 

high dem<strong>and</strong>), but limited 

seating capacity 

1/3 from Kunreuth, 1/3 from the 

region, 1/3 from outside the 



http://www.kukuki.org/ 

performances of 

musicians, readers, 

cabaret artists, theater 

ensembles; in summer 

open air theater at the 

foot of the Walberla hill 

TrubaDur <strong>and</strong> other 

groups perform their 

music 

~200 local people traditional music 


Morning pint on Monday 

attracts 500-800 persons, 

Local people, people from 

administrative district

Cherry fair (2006) 

Karneval / Carnival 

Neunkirchen / 


Neunkirchner 

Kulturtage / Neunkirchen 

cultural 

days 

Bürger- und 

Heimatfest 

Zehntspeicher 


Br<strong>and</strong>: readings, 

theater, concerts etc. 

Catholic library St. 

Michael: 

Neunkirchner 

Erzählcafé / 

Reading Café 

Synagogue 

Ermreuth: Klezmer 

<strong>and</strong> other concerts, 

readings, 

discussions, 

exhibitions 

July Obst- und 

Gartenbauverein 

Leutenbach, 

District Office 

Forchheim 

Febr. / March 

every year 

Every year end of 

April 

Every year, 3rd 

weekend of July 

weekly, focus in 

winter 

6x a year, 

published on the 

homepage <strong>and</strong> 

FOKUS 

Municipalitiy of 

Neunkirchen 


Neunkirchen 


Neunkirchen 


Neunkirchen 

nearly monthly Zweckverb<strong>and</strong> 

Synagoge 

Ermreuth 

locals <strong>and</strong> regional people Forchheim <strong>and</strong> beyond 

hundreds of people local people <strong>and</strong> guests from 

Nuremberg <strong>and</strong> Erlangen 

Gemeinde Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 

culturally interested locals <strong>and</strong> 

people from ER of all ages 

some 1000 visitors local people <strong>and</strong> N/ER/FÜ/FO 


culturally interested locals <strong>and</strong> 

people from Erlangen 

30-100 local people <strong>and</strong> people from the 

ER region 

2500-3000 / year People from Erlangen <strong>and</strong> 

admin. District Erlangen 

(Eckental) as well as 

Nuremberg; individual holiday 

guests from the whole 

Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>; hiking 

groups; scientific associations 

from universities Erlangen <strong>and</strong> 

Bamberg; schools / teachers <strong>and</strong> 


very active Carnival club 

with big garde; 

no answers to e-mail 

very broad <strong>and</strong> 

professional programme, 

participation of the local 

clubs, 

organised by Sparkasse 

most events: writers read 

from their books

Historische 

Führungen / 

historical guided 

tours Freundeskreis 

für Kunst und Kultur, 

Neunkirchen 

a.B. 

Weihnachtsmarkt / 

christmas market 

Krippenweg / 

christmas crib trail 

Neunkirchener 

Konzerte / concerts 

Kirschblütenfest / 

Wurzhüttenfest / 

Cherry blossom 

festival Hetzleser 

Berg - Rödlas 

on dem<strong>and</strong> association with 

about 50-60 

members 

weekend of the 

3rd Advent 

after the 

Christmas 

holidays <strong>and</strong> 

between 1 st <strong>and</strong> 6 th 

of January 

~5 concerts per 

year, schedule on 

the homepage 

1st Sunday in 

May yearly 

Municipality 

Neunkrichen am 


catholic <strong>and</strong> 

protestant church, 

private people 

owner/gastronome 

of the Wurzhütte 

(only weekend 

gastronomy) 

senior people; few from foreign 

countries 

no statistics local people from Neunkirchen, 

people from bamberg <strong>and</strong> 

Erlangen 


tours include historic 

buildings like the 

church, former 

Augustinian monastery, 

town gates <strong>and</strong> town 

wall, houses etc. 

hard to measure hard to measure very traditional, includes 

concerts in the churches 

~3000 visitors hard to measure churches <strong>and</strong> private 

houses with Christmas 

cribs are open to visitors 

no data available hikers, local <strong>and</strong> regional people 

from the whole of Northern 

Bavaria 

“sophisticated” music 

(chamber music, organ, 

choir, …) 

www.neunkirchenerkonzerte.de 

never answering the 

phone

Activities <strong>and</strong> 

services (name <strong>and</strong> 

location) 

websites, brochures, 

info st<strong>and</strong>s in town 

halls 

Guided tours 

around the 

Walberla hill 

(botanical, orchard, 

archeological) 

Osterbrunnen / 

Easter fountains 

(guided 

tours/excursions) 

Igensdorf, Hetzles, 


Leutenbach, 



Catholic library St. 

Michael, 



Protestant library 

Ermreuth 

Library Hetzles 

Accessibility 

During open hours 

of the local 

municipalities 

Ownership 


management 

local 

municipalities 

easy (low fees) Rund ums Walberla 

e.V. / Doris Philippi 

easy 

individual reservation: 

17€ 

group 

opening hours: 

Tue 11 a.m.-2 p.m. 

Thu 4-7.30 p.m. 

Fri 3-5 p.m. 

Sun 9-11 a.m. 

opening hours 

Thu 3-6 p.m. 

Sun 10-11.30 a.m. 

opening hours: 

Tue: 6.30 pm-7.30 pm 

Thu: 4 pm-5 pm 

Sun: 10 am-11 am 

Volkshochschule und 

Pfalzmuseum 


tourist information 

Forchheim 


Neunkirchen 

Lutheranian church 

Ermreuth 


Hetzles 



use 

Visitor types 

difficult to measure local people, daily 

tourists, holiday guests 

Tradition / Culture 

1-2 guided tours / month; 

from single person to 

buses 

Apr-Jun/Sept/Oct every 

2nd Sunday 

2009: 101 buses, 40-50 

persons each 

Igensdorf: Visits by 

individual tourists from 

Nuremberg who approach 

with the Gräfenbergbahn 

local people, people 

from N/FÜ/ER; 

groups from other 

German states that 

book individual tours 


http://wiesentwelle2.wordpre 

ss.com/ 

2008/05/15/doris-philippi/ 

older people municipalities concerned are 

not part of the trip 

local people 

about 370 readers local people from 

Hetzles 

not important tourism-wise

Stonemason Georg 

Dummert, 



Violin manufacturer 

Simsek-Klier, 



Plucking instrument 

manufacturer 

Wolfgang Teller, 



Piano manufacturer 

Michael Ansorge, 

Leutenbach 

Atelier of sculptor 

Harro Frey, 

Igensdorf 

(Pettensiedel) 

not open to 

visitors, except 

for one open day 

once a year 

open to visitors, 

guided tours in 

the workshop 

possible, offers 

courses (but only 

started this in 

Neunkirchen) 

easy – everyone 

is welcome 

easy, very 

flexible, 

everyone is 

welcome at every 

time 

private 

private 

Mrs. <strong>and</strong> 

Mr. 

Ansorge 

Harro 

Frey 

Traditional, artistic h<strong>and</strong>icraft 

courses are frequented 

well (but used to offer 

them outside of 

Neunkirchen, e.g. Elba 

or Allgäu) 

so far just one course for 

music teachers 

differs from day to day; 

during “Day of open 

ateliers” of 

Administrative District 

Forchheim about 20 

participants, during 

vernissages more than 

most clients come from outside 

the region, many also visit 

Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> or other 

tourist attractions in the region 

most clients come from outside 

the region, some stay for a few 

days, but most don’t 

regional people (Erlangen, 

Nuremberg etc.) <strong>and</strong> from 

abroad visit them due to 

reparation of hammond orgues 

mostly people from Erlangen 

<strong>and</strong> Nuremberg who are interested 

to buy an object of art; 

many of them live in the south 

of Admin. District FO <strong>and</strong> work 

in Erlangen; also tourists who 

visit historic city centre of 


unwilling to provide information due 

to lack of time 

suggestions: cooperation of the 

tourism organizations <strong>and</strong> the 

association of instrument 

manufacturers, especially for a joined 

marketing in the cultural area 

the association of instrument 

manufacturers already organizes an 

event in the Wiesenthau castle (first 

time in late summer 2009, should 

take place every year from now on) 

<strong>and</strong> would be happy if they get 

support for that 

http://www.hamtech.de/index.html 

two barns with permanent exhibition 

plus changing temporary exhibitions; 

in former times leaflet for tourists in 

FS but not very successful because of 

differing tourists’ dem<strong>and</strong>s 

advertisement in Erlangen newspaper 

important to reach his target group

Sports 

Baths 


(indoor), 


Br<strong>and</strong> (outdoor) 

Segelflugplatz / 

gliding airfield 

Dobenreuth 

Airfield Hetzles 

(motor flights <strong>and</strong> 

gliding) 

Kirchehrenbach opening 

hours: 

Mo-Fr 6-9 p.m. 

Sa 2-5 p.m. 

(aqua jogging daily, 

triathlon training Wed 

8.30 p.m., water 

gymnastics Tue/Thu 7 

p.m., diving courses) 

Neunkirchen: 

open during the summer 

from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. 

medium 

airfield can only be used 

by official members (~ 

120) of the association; 

gliders which are not 

based in Dobenreuth are 

not permitted to start <strong>and</strong> 

l<strong>and</strong> 

easy 

reservation for scenic 

flights recommended 

voluntarily run by 

„Interessensgruppe 

Hallenbad 

Kirchehrenbach“ 

Neunkirchen: 

Municipality 



Luftsport Club 

Forchheim e.V. 

200 people Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 


about 4500-5000 

gueste/year, upward 

trend 

Neunkirchen: few 

guests because the 

bath his very old, 

even locals don’t use 

it 

gliding courses every 

Sa/Sun <strong>and</strong> bank 

holidays; daily 

flights during 

Pentecost holidays 

<strong>and</strong> first half of 

August; airfield 

festival one p. year; 

bistro for pilots <strong>and</strong> 

hikers; cooperation 

with Jochen 

Schweizer in event- 

jumping 

Fliegerclub Nürnberg depends on weather, 

~50 visitors on a nice 

weekend 

local people from 

Kirchehrenbach <strong>and</strong> 

neighbour-villages 

(Pretzfeld, Weilersbach, 

Leutenbach, 

Wiesenthau, 

Ebermannstadt) 

locals <strong>and</strong> people from 

N/ER; 600-800/year; 

few tourists from abroad 

people interested in 

nature of every age 


http://www.interessengruppehallenbad-kirchehrenbach.de/ 

http://www.lsc-forchheim.de 

http://www.fliegerclubnuernberg.de/ 

glider flight (30-45min): 

~50,- €

Starting field for 

h<strong>and</strong> gliders on the 

Walberla hill 

9 hole golf course 

Kleinsendelbach 

Tennis courts 



Reitstall Honings 

Reiterhof / Riding 

farm Rödlas 

Little Mountain 

Ranch Weingarts 

Reithof Gebhard 


Cycle tracks / Cycle 

<strong>and</strong> Ski renting 

“Peters Radl Stadl”, 

Igensdorf <strong>and</strong> 


“green fee” 

on the weekends: 

reservation necessary 

Luftsport Club 

Forchheim e.V. 

Golf Club Erlangen 90% users from the 

region, 10% tourists 

(exact numbers not 

stated) 

no info available no info available 

plane flight: 120 €/30min (for 

up to three people) 

http://www.lsc-forchheim.de 

Everybody who likes to 

golf 


Marketing: website, regional 

<strong>and</strong> local newspapers, golf 

magazines 

Tried to establish a 

cooperation with the 

guesthouse “Zur Post” 

(Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong>”), 

which did not work out 

Open for cooperation with 

hotels/catering businesses 

no answer to e-mails 

easy (fees) private owner never answering the phone, 

not responding to e-mails 

easy (fees) private owner summer holidays: children (riding vacation 09192/1019; article FT 

good utilization, rest courses) 

24.07.09 

of the year less 

visitors 

offers 20 beds only for girls 

easy (fees) private owner pension stable, horse 

http://www.pensionsstall- 

cart rides 

stein.de/ 

easy (fees) private owner (Bernd horse shows adults <strong>and</strong> children, http://www.reithof- 

Gebhard, Vanessa 

mainly from 

gebhard.de/ 

Eger) 

administrative district 

Forchheim 

easy (opening hours) Peter Rammensee sale, renting <strong>and</strong> people from ER, http://www.petersradlstadl.de 

maintenance of Neunkirchen, Igensdorf, 

bikes; about 20 Gräfenberg <strong>and</strong> 

clients/day 

neighbouring 

(estimation) 

municipalities


Conference rooms 

Berggasthof 

Hötzelein *** 

Conference rooms 

L<strong>and</strong>hotel Selau 

Sparkasse Kunreuth 

/ Postbank 

Igensdorf, 



Br<strong>and</strong> / 

Raiffeisenbank 


Br<strong>and</strong> eG 

Village shop „Nah 

kauf“ Leutenbach 

EDEKA-Markt 

Drinndörfer 

Kunreuth 

easy Berggasthof 

Hötzelein 

Business 

easy L<strong>and</strong>hotel Selau just re-opened in 

July 2009; no data 

opening hours Mo- 

Fr/Sa 

opening hours 

(Mo/Fr 6-19, 

Tue/Wed/Thur 6-18, 

Sa 6-13) 

opening hours 

Mo-Sa 

Staff of Postbank 

Igensdorf paid by the 

municipality of 

Igensdorf 

private owner 

(Mrs Heidner) 

Mrs <strong>and</strong> Mr 

Drinndörfer 

available yet 

frequently used by 

conference groups of the 

bigger firms like 

Siemens Erlangen 

just re-opened in July 

2009; no data available 


yet 

no data available local people, regional 

people, holiday guests 

150-200 persons per 

day 

specialised on 

regionnal food; very 

flexible to fulfil 

special wishes/oder 

special food; accompanying 

events 

(barbecue, smoked 

fish etc.) 

hikers, bikers, holiday 

guests from Leutenbach 

<strong>and</strong> neighbour villages 

as Dietzhof, 

Schlaifhausen, 

Wiesenthau, Ortspitz, 

Seidmar; only few 

native people from 

Leutenbach itself! 

local people from 

Kunreuth <strong>and</strong> 

neighbouring 

municipalities; bikers; 

holiday guests 

http://www.berg-gasthof.de 

http://www.hotel-selau.de/ 

suggestions for optimisation: more 

benches <strong>and</strong> tables for 

picknickers; for the supermarket: 

Integration into tourism 

advertising activities

General 


Gasthaus Schwarzer 

Adler „Mendelwirt“, 

Hetzles 

Gasthaus Beck 

„Michlwirt“, Hetzles 

Catering services 

Distilleries (Walter Fahner GbR 

Igensdorf, Gasthaus und Brennerei „Zum 

Schwarzen Adler“ Kirchehrenbach etc.) 

Many breweries 

4 Charlemagner producers (Beutner 

Weingarts, Walter Fahner GbR 

Igensdorf, Franz-Josef Weisel 

Leutenbach, Alfred Zeiß Igensdorf) 

9 direct marketers in Igensdorf, 

Kirchehrenbach, Kunreuth, Neunkirchen 

am Br<strong>and</strong> 

Campaign seasonal dishes „Kulinarische 

Reise“ with carps, lamb, asparagus, 

horseradish, cherries, stew 

„Waldschänke“ – 

Gaststätte mit Biergarten 

restaurant/tavern, 

beer garden 

restaurant with beer 

garden; regional 

specialities (carp, 

pork shoulder 

“Schäuferla”) 

tavern/restaurant, 

beer garden 

Type 


rating 

60 (indoors) 

60 (beer 

garden) 

300 (beer 

garden) 

Seating 

capacity 

varying 

Level of 

use 

only open on 

Sunday, depends 

Guest types 

local people, hikers, people 

from the N/ER region 

more weekend guests from 

N/ER/FÜ than locals 

hikers, day trippers 


http://www.fraenkischeschweiz.com/kulinarisch/brennereianzeigen.h 

tml 

http://www.charlemagner.de 

http://www.einkaufen-auf-dembauernhof.com/?bundesl<strong>and</strong>=2 

&regierungsbezirk=25&l<strong>and</strong>kreis=126 

http://www.frische-ernte.com/anbieter- 

suche.php 

http://www.walberla.de/feinschmecker/sparge 

l.shtml 

problems due to the death of the 

husb<strong>and</strong> of the owner two years 

ago 

http://www.waldschaenkeweber.de/

Gaststätte Reitstall 

Honings, Honings 


L<strong>and</strong>gasthof “Drei 

Linden”, Etlaswind 

Gastwirtschaft “Goldener 

Stern”, Igensdorf 

Pizzeria Trattoria bei 

Raffaele, Igensdorf 

Gaststätte und Metzgerei 

Richter, Mitteldorf 

Speisegaststätte „Zum 

Lindelberg“, Stöckach 

L<strong>and</strong>gasthof “Schwarzes 

Roß”, Oberlindelbach 

Gaststätte Zimmerer, 

Oberrüsselbach 

“rural” restaurant 

tavern/”rural” 

restaurant 

restaurant, 

beer garden 

restaurant 

restaurant, 

guesthouse 

80 

(restaurant) 

120 (indoors) 

80 (outdoors) 

150 (indoors) 

80 (outdoors) 

150 (indoors) 

100 (beer garden) 

160 (indoors) 

20 (terrace) 

100 (indoors) 

60 (terrace) 

on weather: 30-a 

few hundred 

guests per day 

not stated 

40-50/day 

50/day 

Local <strong>and</strong> regional 

(Erlangen), ~5% 

international guests 

local people, weekend 

travellers; open only from 

Thu-Sun 

local people, drivers along 

main road B2 

day trippers from N/ER region, 

footballers, local people 

not stated day trippers 

at the 

moment the 

restaurant is 

almost out of 

business but 

will reopen 

next year 

day trippers from the Nuremberg 



great view, located on a mountain 

road to the place is in a very bad 

condition 

never answering the phone, not 

responding to e-mails 

provides 8 beds in holiday flats 

suggestion/criticism: there is 

nothing in the municipality that 

could attract tourists (e.g. hiking 

<strong>and</strong> biking trails) 

will be closed <strong>and</strong> sold soon 

no answers on the phone 

will be closed due to reasons of 

age 

1999: 1 st prize in the cooking 

competition of “Hotel- und 

Gaststättenverb<strong>and</strong> Nürnberg” 

at the moment the owner is still 

working in his regular job <strong>and</strong> will 

begin to manage the restaurant 

full-time in the following year 

suggestion: municipality should 

do more to promote tourism

Gasthaus Schwabachtal 

Gastwirtschaft “Grünes 

Tal”, Pommer 

Chinarestaurant 

„Pavillion“, Igensdorf 

Gaststätte ASV 

Pettensiedel 

Gemeinde 


Sponsel, Kirchehrenbach 

Zur Sonne, 


restaurant, 

beer garden 

restaurant/tav 

ern 

restaurant, 

beer 

garden/beer 

cellar 

restaurant, 

guesthouse 

120 (indoors) 


50 (indoors) 

60 (outdoors) 

100 (indoors) 

40 (outdoors) 

up to 500 (beer 

garden/cellar) 

90 (indoors) 

70 (hall for special 


weekdays: 

20-30 

guests/day, 

Sunday: very 

high 

utilization 


weekdays: 

varying, 

Sunday: 

good 

utilisation 

hard to state 

depends on 

weather 



regular local guests, hikers, 

bikers, motorcyclists, ~5% 

international guests (tourists), 

regular guests from the owner’s 

old restaurant in Simonshofen 

near Lauf 

80% regular guests from the 

N/ER region <strong>and</strong> surrounding 

villages 

daily <strong>and</strong> weekend tourists from 

Nuremberg metropolitan area, 

local visitors 

target group: families, people 

interested in art <strong>and</strong> culture, 

Siemens <strong>and</strong> other companies use 

the restaurant for business dinners 

(also with international guests) 

hikers, local visitors, all kinds of 

guests 


restaurant closed 5 years ago <strong>and</strong> 

reopened 3 months ago under a 

new owner; he is surprised how 

well people embrace the new 

restaurant; he won the “Gastro- 

Gold” price for his cuisine in his 

former restaurant in Simonshofen 

unwilling to provide any 

information 

http://www.gasthaus-sponsel.de/ 

won the silver prize in the 

„Bayerische Küche“ (Bavarian 

cuisine) competition, various other 

prizes, applies quality 

management 

suggestions: improvement of the 

biking trails, municipalities could 

extend their activities 

http://www.dennerschwarz.de/ 

provides 14 beds in 7 rooms,

Restaurant-Café „Zum 

Walberla“, 


Gemeinde 


Gasthaus „Zum 

Schellenberg“ 

Gasthaus „Zur Rose“, 



Berggasthof Hötzelein, 

Regensberg 

restaurant 

tavern, beer 

garden 

restaurant/tav 

ern, guest 

house, beer 

garden 

restaurant, 

hotel 

events) 


100 (indoors) 

100 (terrace) 

30 (indoors) 


60 (indoors) 

180 (hall) 


250 (indoors) 

40-300 

highest guest 

numbers on 

the weekend 



day trippers from the N/ER 

region, tourists staying in the F.S., 

some international guests from 

bigger companies 

few guests regular guests, sometimes hikers 

varying, up 

to 400 guests 

per day 

hotel: 27% 


ER/N region, few international 

guests 

predominantly ER/N/FÜ region, 

~2% international guests 


utilization depends on season, in 

the summer very good 

won the silver prize of the 

“Bayerische Küche” (Bavarian 

cuisine) competition in 2006 

criticism: marketing activities of 

the Fränkische Schweiz region put 

their focus on promoting cheap 

holidays which causes problems 

for the regional actors because 

they cannot offer high quality for 

low prices 

http://www.zum-walberla.de/ 

won the gold medal of the 

“Bayerische Küche” (Bavarian 

cuisine) competition in 2005 

appears in the “Schäufele-Führer” 

provides 57 beds in 32 rooms 

hotel category: 3 stars 

suggestions: centralised institution 

for the marketing of the region 

that also supports the

Zum Schloss, Kunreuth restaurant 

Brennerei und Hofcafe 

Geistreich, Weingarts 

120 (indoors) 


coffeehouse 12 (terrace) 

big 

differences 

weekend-rest 

of the weak 

few guests, 

high 

utilization on 

Tuesdays 

(closing day 

of nearby 

Gasthof 

Hötzelein) 

N/FÜ/ER region, international 

guests only for special occasions 

(e.g. hosted the Australian hockey 

team once) 

50% tourists 

many visitors from the 

Kulmbach/Bayreuth region 

people interested in “slow food”, 

organic food 

10% international guests 


accommodation enterprises to 

acquire guests; 

a larger hotel (also possible: hotel 

chain) should open in the region 

where young people could get a 

professional education in the 

tourism business 

offers a holiday flat (4 beds), 

utilization ~30% during the 

summer 

suggestions: hiking trails, better 

cooperation of the municipalities 

to connect “Flurbereinigung”- 

(reallocation of l<strong>and</strong>) trails 

the restaurant building is very old 

(15 th -16 th century), could be 

advertised 

criticism: connection to public 

transport system is improvable 

coffehouse exists to draw visitors’ 

attention to the farm shop of the 

owner 

has the “Einkauf auf dem 

Bauernhof” certificate, various 

products were awarded prizes

Gasthaus Bernd Distler, 

Ermreus 

Zwetschgastübla, 

Regensberg 

L<strong>and</strong>gasthof 

Bauernschmidt, 

Regensberg 

Sportgaststätte 

„Waldesruh“, Weingarts 

Gasthaus zur Post, 

Weingarts 


Gasthof und Metzgerei 

Schütz-Spindler, 

Leutenbach 

Gastwirtschaft Rumpler, 

Leutenbach 

Gastwirtschaft/Brauerei 

Alt, Dietzhof 

Gastwirtschaft/Brauerei 

Drummer, Leutenbach 

Gasthof „Zur Sonne“, 

Oberehrenbach 

tavern 

tavern 

restaurant, beer 

garden 

restaurant/tavern 

hot meals 3x a week, 

own brewery 

restaurant with own 

brewery 

50 (indoors) 

100 (beer 

garden) 

30 (indoors) 

20 (outdoors) 

115 (indoors) 

70 (beer 

garden) 

74 

45 (indoors) 

120 

(outdoors, 

beer garden) 

75 (indoors) 

50 (outdoors) 

100 (beer 

garden) 

“rural” restaurant 70 (indoors) 

big differences 

10-300 (special 

occasions) 

people from Ermreus <strong>and</strong> 

surrounding villages, in the 

summer sometimes tourists 

(few of them international) 

not stated local people 

varying 


weather 

varying 


weather 

big differences 

weekend-rest of 

the week 

N/ER region 

people from the N/ER 

region, (former) members of 

students’ fraternities (also 

from areas further away), 

international guests, 

especially business people 

from Siemens 

hikers, people from the 

N/ER/FÜ region 

people from the N/ER region 


tavern hardly opens anymore for 

age reasons of the owner 

http://www.metzgerei-spindler.de/ 

only open on Sundays 

temporarily closed 

http://www.brauerei-alt.de/ 

suggestion: restaurant is part of 

the “Walberla-Verb<strong>and</strong>”, proposes 

cooperation with this organization 

suggestion: parking area for hikers 

in Leutenbach 

http://www.gasthof-salb.de/ 

provides 12 beds, fairly good 

utilization at the weekends during 

the summer 

Gasthof „Zum tavern (no food at not stated only people from the village does not want to receive visitors

Burgstein“, Seidmar all) besides the regular guests due to 

lack of time 

Gastwirtschaft 

Römerhof, Leutenbach 

Markt Neunkirchen am 


tavern 56 (indoors) 

hardly any guests 

at the moment 

regular guests, few tourists 

problems because the tenant left, 

owner is managing the tavern right 

now 

http://www.gasthof-post- 

60% of the guests: local 

neunkirchen.de/ 

Gasthof zur Post, 

Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> 

restaurant, guest 

house 

70 (indoors) 

80 (beer 

garden) 

50/day 

people 

40%: business people staying 

in the hotel, business partners 

provides 17 beds, very good 


suggestion/criticism: municipality 

having lunch 

hardly puts effort on marketing 

activities 

Polsters Klosterhof, 


Ristorante Pizzeria 

Aurora, Neunkirchen am 


restaurant 

(Franconian <strong>and</strong> 

international cuisine, 

premium quality), 

beer garden; new in 

Neunkirchen, before 

in ER where it 

received some 

awards by magazines 

180 (indoors) 

80 (beer 

garden) 

50 (winter 

garden) 

70-80/day 

business people, families, 

elder people (lunch time), 

~2% international guests, 

especially from bigger 

companies having dinner 

with their business partners 

http://polsters-klosterhof.de/ 

criticism: people arriving from the 

Forchheim <strong>and</strong> Gräfenberg 

direction have problems finding 

Neunkirchen because of the lack 

of road signs 

suggestions: cultural events 

(theatre, arts, …) 

includes butcher’s shop 

provides 32 beds, average 

Bischof „Zur Seku“, 


guesthouse, 

restaurant, beer 

garden 

87 (indoors) 

40 (beer 

garden) 

30 meals served 

per day 

local people, local clubs, 

commuters, “generation 

40+”, ~3% international 

guests 

utilization 60%, mostly business 

people, pilgrims of the Jacobus 

trail, few tourists staying in the 

region for holidays 

suggestions: hiking <strong>and</strong> biking 

trails, culture trail similar to 

Jacobus trail (covering only 


Bürgerstuben, 


Café-Haus-Jakobus, 


Gasthaus Kugler-Wirt, 

Großenbuch 

Gasthof Ederer „Zum 

weißen Lamm“, 

Ermreuth 

Gasthof „Ossmann“, 

Ermreuth 

Bauernmarkt / 

Farmer’s market, 



Bierbar Bodega, 



cafè 

special offer: lunch 

for elder people 

restaurant + beer 

garden 


40 (can be 

upgraded to 

120 for 

special 

events) 

20 (terrace) 

180 (indoors) 

160 

(outdoors, 

can be 

upgraded to 

400 by using 

ale-benches) 

90 

100 (hall) 

tavern, bakery 40 (indoors) few guests 

market 

50-60/day 

summer: 100/day 

winter: 50/day 

Mon-Wed: hardly 

any guests 

Thu/Fri: 50- 

75Sat/Sun: >100 

elder people from 

neighbouring home for 

elderly (sometimes with their 

families); St. Jacob’s hikers 

all types of guests (local 

people, families, tourists), 

mostly from the N-ER-FÜ 

region, few international 

guests 

People from the village <strong>and</strong> 

neighbouring villages, people 

from the N/FÜ/ER region, 

few international guests 

only local people 

(regular guests) 

Mostly women with 

higher income; Friday 

afternoons every 2 weeks 


villages of Franconian 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong>), h<strong>and</strong>ing out 

information to travel agencies all 

over Germany to promote holiday 

in F.S. 

unwilling to provide any 

information 

at the moment enlargement <strong>and</strong> 

restauration of the existing 

capacities 

http://www.kugler-wirt.de/ 

suggestions: hiking <strong>and</strong> biking 

trails, anything to attract people 

http://home.arcor.de/gasthaus.eder 

er/ 

never answering the phone

Café Bäckerei „Der 

Kalchreuther 

Bäcker“, Neunkirchen 


Café Eisdiele Pastore 

Donato, Neunkirchen 


China Restaurant 

Krone, Neunkirchen 


Flair – Kochschule 

und Partyservice, 



Gasthaus Fritz Dorn, 

Großenbuch 

Gasthaus Schwarzer 

Adler, Neunkirchen 


Gasthaus Traube Fam. 

Simmerlein, Ebersbach 

Gastwirtschaft Irmgard 

Lottes, Baad 

coffeehouse staff cannot provide any information 

restaurant 

(chinese food) 

catering 

business 


after 

reconstruction: 

(„rural“) 

restaurant 

40 (indoors) 

30 (outdoors) 

0 

up to 200 (most 

of them in a 

renovated barn 

for special 

events) 

50 

after 

reconstruction: 

180 (indoors), 

large beer 

garden 


http://www.eiscafedonato.de/ 

unwilling to provide any information 

not stated local people contract of lease is going to expire soon 

not stated 

at the moment 

very few guests 

because of the 

reconstruction 

people from the village, 

local clubs 

people from the region 

(up to 20 km distance) 

http://www.flair-partyservice.com/ 

catering business, no restaurant 

only open in the evenings or for special 

festivities 

http://www.hauslieferservice.com/ 


small tavern, difficulties due to age reasons 

<strong>and</strong> the death of the husb<strong>and</strong> of the owner, 

not willing to provide any further information 

owner is about to start reconstructing the 

restaurant 

suggestion/criticism: Neunkirchen (<strong>and</strong> the 

surrounding villages) do not have any 

attractions tourists could be interested in

Gastwirtschaft 

Waldeslust Richard 

Derfuß, Rosenbach 

Fränkischer Imbiss P. 

Hertel, Neunkirchen am 


Imbiss am Busbahnhof, 


L<strong>and</strong>hotel Selau, 


snack bar 

snack bar 


hotel 

10 (indoors) 

10 (outdoors) 

120 beds, 7 


rooms (40-100 

persons); beer 

garden with 

max. 500 seats, 

currently 100; 

restaurant with 

70 seats; hall 

with 400 seats; 

further room 

with 30 seats 

30-50/day 

Just started in 

July; restaurant 

<strong>and</strong> kitchen not 

finished yet; 

special offers at 

the weekends 

local people, craftsmen, 

bikers <strong>and</strong> motorcyclists 

(among these sometimes 

international guests) 

Business travellers from 

N, ER <strong>and</strong> FÜ; also 

international guests (e.g. 

China, UK, Hungary) 

<strong>and</strong> weekend travellers 

from there; few people 

from Neunkirchen 



suggestion: install signs that indicate the 

catering businesses in Neunkirchen 

http://www.hotel-selau.de/ 

Pizzeria Alberto, 


Pizzeria Trattoria da 

never answering the phone 

Pasquale, Neunkirchen 


Restaurant Alexis 


Zorbas, Neunkirchen 



Sportcafé Jolly, information only provided by the boss but he

Neunkirchen am Br<strong>and</strong> is never available 

Sportheim TSV 

Neunkirchen, 


Taverne „Zum alten 

Gott“ im TennisClub, 






Table 153 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (part of Forchheim District) 


� One of the biggest fruitgrowing areas in GE/EU (cultivation of cherries, 

apples, plums) 

� Mount Walberla 

� Openness <strong>and</strong> brightness of the l<strong>and</strong>scape 

� Beautiful restored Franconian half-timbered houses 

� Numerous thematic paths to discover 

� Regional <strong>and</strong> seasonal food (high quality, good price/performance ratio) 

� Variety <strong>and</strong> cultural events 

� Nativeness/ silence <strong>and</strong> cosiness / kindness 

� A lot of actors interested / active in tourism development (local 

communities, Walberla association), activities of promotion <strong>and</strong> selling 

� Short communication channels; 

� Target group <strong>and</strong> aims unshaped 

� Missing of a real attraction 

� “Boundary” of traditional tourism destination Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

� Low level of internationalisation 

� Heterogenous service orientation <strong>and</strong> quality of caterers 

� Lack of investment in hotel sector <strong>and</strong> gastronomy, decrease of 

gastronomy due to age reasons / problems with succession of the next 

generation 

� Low rate of overnight stays – lack of package solutions (e.g. cultural 

event + gastronomy) 

� Marketing: Self-made, no joint strategy, too much printed information 

� Lack of appropriate information -> cultural sites <strong>and</strong> events, 

gastronomy etc. often insider tips 

� Hidden <strong>and</strong> split information (too many actors) 


� Improvement of direct marketing (networking between farmers, holiday flat 

renters, gastronomy) 

� Increased marketing of cherries / fruits 

� Offers /marketing for specific target groups (day travellers, city travekkers, 

business/fair guests, senior people, families, sportsmen) 

� Biking <strong>and</strong> hiking trails: Construction of missing links on intercommunal 

level; connection with the network of the City <strong>and</strong> Administrative District of 

Erlangen 

� Proximity to big cities / part of the Nuremberg metropolitan area -> Starting 

point for cultural trips 

� Increase of short-time tourism at the cost of day tourism 

� Networking -> combination of various thematic offers: Menue&Museum, 

Biking&Silence, Congress&Costumes 


� People want real highlights <strong>and</strong> events, not only a conglomeration of 

nice regional distinctions 

� Low cost tourism / gastronomy 

� Stillst<strong>and</strong>ing of time / lack of investment 

� Too many local initiatives <strong>and</strong> information jungle-> overload, 

especially for day / weekend tourists 

� Tourists appear – silence disappears 

� Motorised individual transport collaps 



Table 154 Analysis of governance system (part of Forchheim District) 


Presence <strong>and</strong> 

structure of existent 

Destination 

Management 


Analysis of the 

decision-making 

process 

� Legal form 

• some of the municipalities of the pilot territory are official members of the tourism association Frankische Schweiz / Franconian 


• local actors as distillers, brewers, gastronomes, renters of holiday flats <strong>and</strong> gastronomes are members of association “Rund ums Walberla 

e.V.” which they established about 2000 

� Corporate membership 

see above membership in the tourism association FS 

� Goals <strong>and</strong> strategy 

• Tourism mission statement “ Kein schöner L<strong>and</strong>…” of the whole Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, partly also applies for the pilot territory 

� Function (promotion, product development, sales, market research, etc) 

• Managed for parts of the pilot territory by Tourism Office Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Walberla Association 

Difficulties: 

• Several independent local municipalities form one pilot territory 

• No persons fully in charge of tourism affairs at the municipalities located in the pilot territory; joint information system missing 

• Tourism Office Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> is responsible for a very huge area spread over several administrative districts -> pilot territory is 

only a small piece of this area with the most attractive parts <strong>and</strong> highest income in the heart of Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

• Walberla e.V. as a voluntary network is not provided with the necessary manpower <strong>and</strong> finances to carry out professional market research, 

product developemt etc.; a marketing working group is responsible for promotion activities such as the creation of folders, info st<strong>and</strong>s, 

corporate video etc. 

� Budget <strong>and</strong> financing mechanism 

• Membership fees for tourism destination Fränkische Schweiz e.V. (used for staff of the tourism office, promotion activities, studies etc.) 

• Membership fees for Rund ums Walberla e.V. (Used for marketing activities, small studies such as a concept for hiking trails) 

� Number <strong>and</strong> profile of stakeholders acting in the context 

• about 30-40 

• majors, gastronomes, hoteliers, direct marketers, distillers, brewers, Fränkische Schweiz Verein, country / costume associations 

• LEADER local action group, organised as an association (e.V.) -> difficulty: differentiated decision making process 

• characteristic: each of the actors is partner in several networks/associations -> sometimes intransparent connections <strong>and</strong> decision making 

processes, old networks with their own history 

� Number <strong>and</strong> profile of stakeholders involved in the governance decisions 

• about 10-15 (7 majors, steering group of Walberla association, head of gastronomy association, heads of Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

association) 


Financial support to 

the development of 

the area 

Legislation <strong>and</strong> 

st<strong>and</strong>ards in force at 

the tourist 

destination 

Networking <strong>and</strong> 

cooperation among 

companies <strong>and</strong> 

players (clubs, tourist 

cards,…) 

Interconnection 

between tourism <strong>and</strong> 

other fields, like 

agricilture, industry, 

etc. 

Policy of destination 

br<strong>and</strong>ing 

Disposal of local 

community to 

undertake a process 

of tourism 

development 


� Actions <strong>and</strong> projects supported, amount of money invested by private players <strong>and</strong> public Administration 

� LEADER in ELER 

� Banks (e.g. Sparkasse, Raiffeisenbank), foundations (e.g. Kirchenstiftungen) 

� Vereine (Trachten-, Musik-, Kunst-/Kultur-, …) 

� Dorferneuerungsprogramm, Wettbewerb „Unser Dorf soll schöner werden“ / Renewing programme for rural local communities 

� National <strong>and</strong> local strategies of tourism development 

• Regional mission statement for the Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> also applies to the pilot territory (see above) 

• Activities of the association Walberla e.V. are more or less intuitive, basing on a voluntary basis 

� Current local policy versus tourism development 

• local municipalities do not have enough power (money, staff) to improve the tourism development; due to this reason, some of the majors 

are not interested in activities in the tourism sector, delegate the activities to the voluntary actors of the Walberla association 

• At the moment there is a generation change in the Walberla association; its founders who started the activities about 10 years ago are mostly 

around 60 or 60+ 

� Local laws in favour of private entrepreneurship 

� Quality st<strong>and</strong>ard (certification, etc) 

- certification is introduced just on a low level in the pilot territory; just few of the hotels are certified (e.g. Berggasthof Hötzelein *** Regensberg; 

L<strong>and</strong>hotel Selau envisaged) 

- certification for few farms which are partners in the campaign “Urlaub auf dem Bauernhof” /„Vacation on the farm” 

Absence/Presence (description) 

• Just one conference hotel is thinking about a cooperation with a hotel chain 

• Tourist card available for the whole territory of Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

Absence/Presence (description) 

• The formal cooperation between tourism <strong>and</strong> other economic fields is developed just on a low level; e.g. the cooperation with agriculture / 

direct marketing is still under development 

• Informal cooperation between single persons is very strong (see below) 

Presence of a br<strong>and</strong>, description of the policy 

• Destination br<strong>and</strong> is available for the whole of Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

• Logo of Walberla mountain is available for the partners of the Walberla association 

• Further logos created for single projects as the LEADER project/cultural path Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

High/Medium/Low 

• About 50% of the majors see a real economic perspective in tourism <strong>and</strong> start specific activities; they are highly interested in the LISTEN 

project <strong>and</strong> a participation in it; the others like to leave the things as they are 

• Depends on the community (financial situation, availability of staff) <strong>and</strong> the political aims of the political representatives (majors are 

volunteers, some of them belong to the older generation) 


2.8. PP9 - UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

AND APPLIED LIFE SCIENCE 


Table 155 Characteristics of target territories (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 



Region of Güssing, ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>, Naturpark 

Weinidylle 

Type of territories Area Type 2 M<strong>and</strong>atory 



High 

The ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> is an regional association 

currently defined by 11 communities from 2 

political districts (Güssing, Oberwart) <strong>and</strong> within a 

nature park (Weinidylle): 

Community of Bildein, 

Community of Deutsch Schützen-Eisenberg, 

Community of Eberau, 




Community of Güssing, 

Community of Güttenbach, 

Community of Heiligenbrunn, 

Community of Moschendorf, 

Community of Strem, 

Community of St. Michael, 

Community of Tobaj 

Community of Sulz 

The association is willing to be open for other 

communities in the region. 

Preferential 

Presence of small dimension Presence 

real estates which could be 



Medium 

Preferential 

Source: University of natural resources <strong>and</strong> applied life science 


236

Photos <strong>and</strong> impressions of the pilot region 

Source: Arne Arnberger <strong>and</strong> Renate Eder; number 10 taken from www.aieou.at 


237


Table 156 Geographical characteristics (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 


Average altitude 

229 m above sea level 

(m.a.s.l.) 

Surface (km2) Burgenl<strong>and</strong>: 3964km², Region: 287,3km² (= 7,25% of Burgenl<strong>and</strong>) 

Number of 

Burgenl<strong>and</strong>: 171, Region: 10 

municipality 

Difficult 

Accessibility � Only Austrian district with no public Train station <strong>and</strong> no highway 

entrance! 

� Interaction between the neighbored national states (Hungary, 

Slovenia) is becoming better <strong>and</strong> better, but there is still an improvement 

necessary. 


� Inner Austrian connection to the neighboring federal states (Styria, 

neighboring areas 

Lower Austria) is also lacking. 

� Regional connectivity is becoming better because of local initiatives 

like community busses. 

� The region, which lies on the eastern foothills of the Alps, is famous 

for its slight hilly l<strong>and</strong>scape 

� The cultural l<strong>and</strong>scape is partly traditional composed of vineyards 

<strong>and</strong> forests. Yet there is also a more intensified agriculture <strong>and</strong> forestry 

Wood, farm, urban in connection with the production of renewable energies. 

surface 

� Specially the so called “Uhudler” which is a very traditional <strong>and</strong> 

rooted wine is deeply grown together with the region 

� The region is one of the smallest vineyards of Austria nevertheless is 

has a big grape variety 

� Approximately 45% of the region is designated as forest 



238

Table 157 Socio-economic profile (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 


Demografy (Inhabitants) 

Density (Inhabitants/km2) 41 

Structure of the economy 

(Active 

population/employment for 

sectors of economic activity) 

Unemployment 


Presence of renewable 


farming 

trade 

industry 

h<strong>and</strong>icraft 


� Bgld: 282.950; Region: 11.884 (=4,2%) 

� Bgld: +0,9%; Region: -0,42% 

� Migratory balances Emigration Average: 4,5 

� Age structure: 64 

Jahre: 23,61% 

� Old age index: Bgld: 118,44; Region: 124,27 

� Social load index: Bgld:49,87; Region: 49,98 

� Outliers: Actually no data available 

Actually no data available 

4496 (28%) 

263 (2%) 

5786 (36%) 

2461 (15%) 

Bgld: 7213 (=7,4%) 

Region: 696 

� Average size Small 

� Number of enterprises <strong>and</strong> sector of activity (farming: 1093, 

trade: 596, industry: 36, h<strong>and</strong>icraft: 2934, tourism: 555) 

� Presence of traditional activities like agriculture, fishing <strong>and</strong> 

viniculture (Uhudler) 

Presence 

� Biomass Power Plant Güssing 

� Methaninsation Plant Güssing 

� Biogas plant Strem 

� Biostram KWK Anlage Güssing 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Güssing 

� Pyrotherm Photovoltaik plant 

� Biogas plant Heiligenkreuz 

� South Burgenl<strong>and</strong> Wood dehydration plant GmbH 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Glasing 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Urbersdorf 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Dt.Tschantschendorf 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) St. Michael 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Eberau 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Bildein 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Güttenbach 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Burgauberg 

� Sonnensiedlung Stegersbach 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Königsdorf 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Wallendorf 

� Community heating (Fernwärme) Rumpersdorf 

Presence 


Roter Bus (red bus): Most important public transport system for 

Systems 

the valley of Stremt <strong>and</strong> Pinka 



239

Table 158 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 


Data � Arrivals <strong>and</strong> overnights 

• 2000: 12.396 arrivals <strong>and</strong> 33.073 overnights 



� Average duration of stay 

• 2000: 2,6 

• 2003: 2,5 

• 2007: 1,85 

� Number of hotel <strong>and</strong> non-hotel accommodations 

• 60 

� Number of beds 

• 668 


• 11 beds/hotel 

� Rate of use of facilities = ratio between overnights <strong>and</strong> the maximum theoretical 

capability (obtained by multiplying the beds for 365 days) 

• 2000: 11,75%; 

• 2003: 11,55% 

Target, products <strong>and</strong> market 

• 2007: 12% 

� Current targets. 

• Region is focusing on the development <strong>and</strong> use of renewable energies but 

promoting also its beautiful cultural l<strong>and</strong>scape connected to viticulture. 

• Our core area around Güssing is focusing on expert tourism. Mostly 

representatives of communities from all over the world are coming to the region for a 

business excursion <strong>and</strong> to see the regional economic structures as a whole as well as 

special plants, installations, … 

• On the other h<strong>and</strong> the Naturpark tries to attract recreational clients, which stay 

only short term however. The average visitor for the “Naturpark Weinidylle” is 

approximately in his/her late forties, has a high education level <strong>and</strong> a high affinity to 

regional products. Thus the offers of the Naturpark address particularly families. 

• Nevertheless there is no holistic concept for regional tourism. 

� Reference market (international, domestic). 

• Although Güssing was one of the pioneers in expert oriented tourism, some other 

regions are still offering those offers. 

• Because of an intense input in research <strong>and</strong> development, Güssing is still a 

pioneer in using <strong>and</strong> presenting new technologies to customers <strong>and</strong> representatives. 

This creates a wide international field of marketing. 

• There are few few comparable initiativess like Güssing 

• Güssing is a state-of-the-art model for the whole genre of renewable energies 

• The region is famous all over the world as the first energy autarkic community of 

the world. 

• Never the less the focus is set on Austria <strong>and</strong> its neighboring countries. Güssing is 

forcing to raise regional job creation as well as its following the short ways principle. 


• Expert oriented tourism as described under the point “current targets”. 

• Desire to implement experience oriented tourism for both as a supplementation of 

actual tourism offers <strong>and</strong> as an independent new form of tourism. 



240


In general it has to be said, that the accommodation possibilities in the region are limited. This lack is already mentioned by the region <strong>and</strong> some 

initiatives have been started to offer potential tourist the possibility for an overnight stay. The “visitor types” <strong>and</strong> the “level of use” is still being 

evaluated by our partners! 


Legend: Acc.=Accessibility; Res.=Resource, NR=natural resource, CR=cultural resource, EV=event/activity; 

Table 159 Tourism Resource Database (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 

Name GE Name EN Visitor types 

Regional 

Level of use Acc. Res. 

Naturpark Weinidylle Nature park Weinidylle Schools, Groups poor Easy NR, CR, EV 

ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

Schools/Groups/Ex 

perts 

medium Easy NR, CR 

Burg Güssing / Kultursommer / 

Güssing 

Castle of Güssing / Cultural summer / All target groups high Easy CR, EV 

Burgspiele 

festival of the castle 

Burgmuseum Batthyány Castlemuseum Batthyány All target groups Is included in the castle 

tour 

Easy CR 

Franziskanerkloster Franciscan Monastery Pilgrim 5.000-8.000 Visitors Easy CR 

Familiesgruft Batthyány Familytomb Batthyány Pilgrim Included in the monastery 

tour 

Easy CR 

“hl. Ladislaus” „Saint Ladislaus“ Pilgrim Included in the monastery 

tour 

Easy CR 

Ausw<strong>and</strong>erermuseum (in der Alten 

Mühle) 

Museum of Emigrants 50+/Schools poor Easy CR 

Naturwildpark Güssing Nature/Wildernesspark Güssing Families / 50+ Poor Med. CR 

Clusius Naturlehrpfad Clusius nature trail 

Moschendorf 

Families / 50+ poor Easy NR, CR 

Weinmuseum mit Weinidylle- Museum of Viniculture incl. 40 + / Experts high Easy CR 


Vinothek 

- Strohgedeckte Kellerstöckl 

-Uhudler 

-historische Weinbau- und 

Gebrauchsgegenstände 

Weinidylle Vinothek 

Bildein 

Burgenländisches Geschichte(n)haus House of tales of burgenl<strong>and</strong> Groups / 50+ Medium Easy CR 

Eberau 

Wasserschloss mit Schlosspark Waterpalace with palace garden Entrance in the 

waterpalace is actually 


not public 

Diff. CR 

Wallfahrtskirche Maria Weinberg 

Pannonisches Institut:Urbare, Dica, 

Pilgrimage church Maria Weinberg 

Güttenbach 

Pilgrim / 50+ poor Easy CR 

Konskriptionen, Visitationen, alte 

Geschichtsbücher 

Pannonical Institute 

Heiligenbrunn 

No tourism offer - CR 

Kellerviertel Ancient quartier where wine products All target groups high Easy CR 

were <strong>and</strong> still are stored <strong>and</strong> tested 

St. Michael 

L<strong>and</strong>technisches Museum Technical museum of agricultural 

history 

Schools / Groups / 

40+ / Families 

high Easy CR 

Strem 

Antonikapelle Chapel of Antoni No tourism offer Easy CR 

Tobajer Kogel: Vulkankegel mit 

sagenumwobener Quelle: 

Energietankstelle für Menschen) 

Hill of Tobaj: former volcano with 

legendary spring; recovery Station 

for humans 

Tobaj 

Schools / Geotourists No tourism offer Easy NR 

Kukmirn 

Schnappsbrennereimuseum Museum of hard liqueur All target groups High Easy CR 

Sulz 

Gläsereimuseum Glazery museum Actually not opened Easy CR 

Source: University of natural resources <strong>and</strong> applied life science

Stage 2: is about a critical evaluation of those resources in terms of their quality, uniqueness 

<strong>and</strong> tourist appeal; 

Table 160 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 


� Well preserved <strong>and</strong> diversified cultural 

<strong>and</strong> natural l<strong>and</strong>scape 

� Nature park Weinidylle 

� Existing offer of hiking trails <strong>and</strong> bicycle 

routes 

� Numerous theme trails <strong>and</strong> guided tours 

� Regional products <strong>and</strong> food (fruits, wine, 

schnapps,…) with good price <strong>and</strong> 

performance ratio 

� Different cultural events 

� Authenticity of the people 

� Energy self-sufficient city Güssing 

� European Center for Renewable Energy 

(EEE) 

� High distance to urban areas 

� Weakness/Missing of public transport 

� No highway entrance 

� Missing of high quality job offers – 

migration <strong>and</strong> over aging of the 


� Integration of existing tourism offers 

� No joint marketing strategy 

� Lack of investment in hotel sector <strong>and</strong> 

gastronomy 

� Low quality of some eco-energy tourism 

offers 

� Lack of bookable tourism packages 

regarding eco-energy 


� Extension of one day visits 

� Transformation of day visitors into 

overnight visitors 

� New tourists from eastern countries 

� Networking between different tourism 

providers 

� Offers for specific target groups (energy 

oriented tourism offers) 

� Development of experience oriented 

visitor offers regarding renewable 

energies 

� Energy self-sufficiency is a futureoriented 

topic 

� Improvement of quality of the 

gastronomy <strong>and</strong> hotel business 

� No clear regional tourism products 

recognizable 

� Competition with tourism offers of 

neighbouring countries 

� Brain drain – loss of innovation potential 

� Increasing competition with Austrian 

energy regions 


243


The governance structure in the region is very abstract. There are several tourism associations 

which over all of course fit in a holistic scheme but the coordination takes a lot of time, so 

that the whole system is quiet lethargic. Graphic 1 illustrates the relationship of regional 

tourism association <strong>and</strong> initiatives relevant for the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>. 

Figure 42gives an overview about relevant stakeholders <strong>and</strong> members of the local guide 

group for the LISTEN project. 

Figure 41 Regional governance structure, actual situation (Masterplan ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 2009, adapted) 

(ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 

Source: (Masterplan ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 2009, adapted) 

The ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> GmbH is mainly influenced by three main clusters/associations. One 

cluster is dominated by regional tourism associations. Via the Südburgenl<strong>and</strong> Plus association 


244

- a permanent Leader+ institution supported by the federal state – the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

cooperates with several regional projects. The federal tourism association of Burgenl<strong>and</strong> is 

influencing the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> GmbH directly because it is a foundation member. 

Also foundation members of the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> GmbH are the third cluster which consists 

of the EEE <strong>and</strong> the former ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> association. Both cooperating intensely since 

many years, so that there is a common underst<strong>and</strong>ing about what is going to be realised <strong>and</strong> 

how it has to be done. The graphic also shows the small structured l<strong>and</strong>scape of organisations 

in the region which don’t follow a common target. 

Figure 42 Stakeholder, local guide group participants <strong>and</strong> network structure <strong>and</strong> their relationship to the 

LISTEN project (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 

Source: (Masterplan ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 2009, adapted) 

The most relevant regional LISTEN project partners are listed in the middle row. These are the 

partners which directly influence the LISTEN project. Nevertheless there is a lack of cooperation in 

the region which consists because of regional competitiveness. Here is one of our mayor working 

fields when our planned pilot actions are going to be realized. 

As this form shows, the regional management Burgenl<strong>and</strong>, where the LISTEN-Core Group member is 

employed, is not in a direct way linked to the LISTEN project. This is relevant because of the 

controlling function of this group. 


245

3. GOVERNANCE MODEL 17 

The objective of the Wp3 <strong>Research</strong> <strong>and</strong> Analysis by the University of Trento is to define the most 

effective <strong>and</strong> efficient public – private tools of governance for sustainable tourism development in 

areas with unexplored potential, capable of enhancing tourism development, having positive spin – 

offs in the area, maintaining <strong>and</strong> increasing attractiveness both for users <strong>and</strong> for local residents. Tools 

of governance are supposed to play an important role for success of tourism development, focus of the 

Listen project. 


Figure 43 Governance <strong>and</strong> tourism development 



246

3.1. Community destination management in rural 

villages 

3.1.1. Territory as a resource in destination 

management 

The tourism territory must be understood as a geographically delimitated territory, with natural <strong>and</strong> 

administrative borders, culturally characterised by the anthropological notion of “place” as a 

historical, relational <strong>and</strong> identity – related entity. Many stakeholders work there, specific resources are 

available <strong>and</strong> different kinds of relations <strong>and</strong> partnerships are established. Community destinations are 

based on a deep connection with their territory. 

In order to underst<strong>and</strong> the specificity of managerial action in this kind of destination, it is useful to 

keep in mind the local development approach, which considers the deep connection with the territory 

<strong>and</strong> the development of its identity as basic elements for the competitiveness of its offer. According to 

this approach, the territory gains importance after the transition to the Post – Fordism <strong>and</strong> the 

globalisation of the market, thus becoming a place whereby its resources, competences <strong>and</strong> specific 

knowledge can territorially diversify production <strong>and</strong> therefore represent a potential competitive 

advantage. The local systems can therefore be based on a specific local milieu, which means a 

permanent set of socio-cultural elements gathered within a geographical area through the evolution of 

inter-subjective relations. Such elements give a fundamental input to the productive process in terms 

of work, entrepreneurship, material <strong>and</strong> immaterial infrastructures, social culture <strong>and</strong> organisational 

skills. In this way, the territory can be considered as a cognitive multiplier that can generate 

knowledge to transfer to the local productions with a positive impact on the economic 

competitiveness of its stakeholders. 

The endogenous development is directly connected with the innovation capability available at a local 

level. This means that the territorial system’s survival depends on the ability to manage natural <strong>and</strong> 

artificial resources in order to guarantee a self-drive system, also through the attraction of external 

resources <strong>and</strong> competences. The territorial resources <strong>and</strong> competences have therefore to be constantly 

improved <strong>and</strong> renewed, in order to: 

1. Enhance the ability to start new economic businesses, the occupational potential <strong>and</strong> the 

income generation for the resident population; 

2. Enhance the ability to innovate <strong>and</strong> improve the territorial offer, creating knowledge through 

innovation as well as attracting ideas or businesses from external economies; 

3. Enhance the quality of life within the territory, from a residential as well as professional point 

of view; 

4. Strengthen <strong>and</strong> give value to the territorial identity, re-territorialising production processes. 

In this way, a new consciousness of the concept of “local” comes out, which is bound to the 

recognition of the contribution the local community gives to the territorial heritage in the creation of 

long-lasting wealth. The territorial identity becomes a “constructive energy” to impose development 

models based on the recognition of socio – cultural peculiarities, development of local resources <strong>and</strong> 

non – hierarchical exchange networks within the society. At this level the interdependence among 

many decisions regarding local development is evident: urban planning, public transport management 

<strong>and</strong> offer, presence of structures <strong>and</strong> facilities, availability of training <strong>and</strong> research centres able to 

create <strong>and</strong> spread knowledge. These elements work on the territory’s ability to show its own driving 


247

force towards the activities performed in it, in a constant dialectic among businesses, institutions <strong>and</strong> 

local context, on which the development or crisis trajectories depend. 

3.1.2. Governance <strong>and</strong> cooperation among 

stakeholders 

Local development depends on the interaction between the economic <strong>and</strong> the social system, i.e. on the 

way by which local players who try to reach certain goals undertake a synergic perspective, 

combining profitably cooperation <strong>and</strong> competition. A local system has to develop some institutions as 

a basis for cooperation, defining the rules of the game, reducing uncertainty, offering guarantees <strong>and</strong> 

coordinating exchanges within the society by indicating positive <strong>and</strong> negative incentives that 

contribute to limiting individual <strong>and</strong> opportunistic behaviour. 

The local administrations that are responsible for the territorial government action can activate, 

through this philosophy, governance processes so as to motivate <strong>and</strong> direct stakeholders to consistent 

behaviour towards local development. 

Therefore, the territorial strategy consists in the action through which some relevant goals for 

development are pursued by identifying <strong>and</strong> involving local players with different structure, 

dimensions, role <strong>and</strong> relevance <strong>and</strong> whose interests are brought together in a common evolution 

trajectory. This considered, the local government pursues a development plan by defining a systemic 

strategy, in order to develop <strong>and</strong> increase the amount of available resources. 

The local systemic strategy involves resident businesses <strong>and</strong> organisations through four patterns of 

intervention which can be conveniently combined together: 

1. Enacting rules <strong>and</strong> regulations that define an incentive system <strong>and</strong> constraints in order to 

direct the local stakeholders’ action, by acting on the convenience of business decisions; 

2. Direct intervention on the territory in order to orient its vocation <strong>and</strong> determine the amount of 

available resources, such as the intended use of l<strong>and</strong> areas, urban planning, investments in 

facilities, policies for the training <strong>and</strong> support of entrepreneurship; 

3. The institution of organisations with the aim of enhancing local development, which promote 

the territory with strategic projects <strong>and</strong> their financial support <strong>and</strong> increase the marketing of 

certain products/areas; 

4. Supporting the creation of sector-based or chain-based clusters of businesses <strong>and</strong> some bodies 

dedicated to their management, in order to enhance local production, promote quality policies 

<strong>and</strong> strengthen promotional <strong>and</strong> commercial activities by creating economies of scale <strong>and</strong> 

scope. 

3.1.3. Meta – management in community destinations 

Creation of a unified management body, with meta–management functions, is a condition which aids 

the correct <strong>and</strong> efficient functioning of the integration strategy of the tourism offer. Meta-management 

actions consist in the creation of a higher-order government, a second degree decision–making level, 

which goes beyond the management of individual organisations <strong>and</strong> is able to outline a more unitary 

tourism policy. In community destinations, the disintegration of decision–making processes <strong>and</strong> the 

distribution of the tourism impact give to the destination management the typical aspect of meta– 

management, aiming to coordinate, through networks, different individual or organised players that 

carry on their businesses in the territory. The meta-management body must facilitate processes such as 

the sharing of decisions, structures <strong>and</strong> resources among different players (circulation of information 


248

within the cluster, transfer of skills, use of common trademarks, sharing of production, logistic <strong>and</strong> 

commercial processes, creation of a Destination Management System). 

Institutions should give organisations the possibility of acting as a local meta-management bodies. 

While ensuring the various players’ representation (private <strong>and</strong> public), they have to be equipped with 

streamlined decision-making mechanisms. They must not be paralysed in search of unanimity <strong>and</strong>, 

being based on the accountability in terms of budget <strong>and</strong> results, they must be able to perform 

managerial functions. From an operational point of view, the most relevant functions that a meta – 

management body has to undertake in order to coordinate the players are: 

1. Boost the local players’ participation in a cooperative strategy, by credibly highlighting the 

benefits <strong>and</strong> leading to overcoming the resistance that single entrepreneurs can oppose to the 

collective plan; 

2. Formalisation of relationship mechanisms among central body <strong>and</strong> individual members, <strong>and</strong> 

among members; 

3. Selection of new members in the cluster <strong>and</strong> possible release of others; 

4. Definition of control mechanisms <strong>and</strong> identification of penalties against possible opportunistic 

or free-ridership behaviour ; 

5. Identification of transparent <strong>and</strong> shared mechanisms of contribution to the central body <strong>and</strong> 

sharing of the results among the players. 

In addition to the coordination tasks, the meta – management body can also perform operational 

functions, by managing actions which single players were not able to deal with on an efficient scale 

when working individually. This activity is particularly relevant in functions related to commercial 

<strong>and</strong> marketing areas, for which the scale effect is significant. 

3.2. Governance <strong>and</strong> stakeholders relationships in 

LISTEN destinations: benchmark study 

3.2.1. LP – Autonomous Province of Trento 

In 2002, the Autonomous Province of Trento created a DMO, (Destination Management Company), 

called Trentino Marketing, which is a joint venture between the Department of Tourism <strong>and</strong> the 

Chamber of Commerce. Trentino Spa deals not merely with tourist promotion, but also marketing for 

the entire region. From typical products to culture: this is the task that was undertaken by Trentino 

SpA, the company which replaced the Trentino Tourism Promotion Agency (Apt) in 2003. The new 

concern also has the task of linking <strong>and</strong> coordinating all of the other associations operating in this 

sector: the Provincial authority, the Chamber of Commerce, the University, the local tourist boards, 

the Pro Loco consortia, <strong>and</strong> other pertinent associations, operators <strong>and</strong> businesses. 

Trentino Spa is responsible for representing the tourism–related <strong>and</strong> territorial image of Trentino on a 

wider scale, managing the trade name, promoting <strong>and</strong> advertising Trentino as an integrated system of 

values <strong>and</strong> activities, bringing out specific aspects, marketing activities in different sectors, for public 

<strong>and</strong> press relations, carrying out research <strong>and</strong> market <strong>analysis</strong>, for editorial backing activities, for 

collaboration with local tourist promotion operators <strong>and</strong> marketing assistance, not only in the field of 

tourism, but also in that of sport, culture, <strong>and</strong> quality production. 


249

As Trentino Marketing is mainly focused on the main tourism destinations already existing in a 

Province which deals with almost 5 million arrivals per year, the Listen project has an important role 

in supporting the territories which have an interesting but as of yet undeveloped tourism potential, 

which will be possibly considered in the future by Trentino Marketing strategies. 

This is why three territories like Valle dei Mocheni, Valle del Chiese <strong>and</strong> Tesino Vanoi were chosen 

in Trentino to support sustainable tourism development. 

Valle deiMocheni 

The first territory checked by the PP2 is Valle dei Mocheni, where the system of local governance 

was studied. 

The subject responsible for tourism promotion <strong>and</strong> organisation of events is the local Consortium of 

the Pro Loco Associations, which gathers the different associations of the municipalities. In this area 

of the valley there is not a local tourism board, as happens in the rest of Trentino, <strong>and</strong> it is possible to 

claim that the Consortium is its surrogate. Its main functions involve information, promotion, selling 

<strong>and</strong> also local development. The Consortium is 90% funded by the Autonomous Province of Trento, 

while 10% comes from private donations. The Consortium works in cooperation with Trentino Spa, 

the regional DMO, with regard to the regional strategies; there is a lack of attention for marginal 

areas, such as Valle dei Mocheni. 

The public administration is structured in four municipalities: Fierozzo, Frassilongo, Palù del Fersina 

<strong>and</strong> Sant’Orsola Terme. As regards private stakeholders involved in the decision – making process, 

the Cooperative of Small Fruits is the most important player, while craftsmen, traders associations <strong>and</strong> 

hotel owners do not actively take part in it. The first attempt at actual network management was made 

with the experience of the “Territorial Pact”, a local development initiative implemented by the 

Province, where all of the local players have been involved. 


250

The Province of Trento is also about to implement a project to renew mountain chalets <strong>and</strong> farms, 

with a great usage of high – tech <strong>and</strong> renewable energy production. 

TesinoVanoi 

Figure 44 Stakeholder map of Valle deiMocheni 


The second territory checked by the PP2 is Tesino Vanoi, where the system of local governance was 

studied. It can be divided in two sub – areas, Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi. 

As regards tourism, the sub – area of Tesino is managed by the Valsugana Tourism Board, which 

works as the local DMO, with the functions of promotion, marketing <strong>and</strong> product management. It is 

financed by public money (60%) <strong>and</strong> private funds (40%). The company also manages the local 

destination br<strong>and</strong>, which refers to the whole area, as a specific br<strong>and</strong> for Tesino does not exist. 

Another tourism board, called San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero – Vanoi, also 

includes the sub – area of Vanoi. In this case 70% of money comes from public administration, while 

30% from privates. The local Consortium of Proloco of Vanoi, which works together with the tourism 

board, also manages a specific br<strong>and</strong> for Vanoi. The Consortium gathers four proloco associations, 

<strong>and</strong> coordinates their activities. 

With reference to the public administration, there are four municipalities in the area of Tesino <strong>and</strong> one 

municipality in Vanoi. In the area of Tesino the most important private stakeholder is a group which 

manages ski lifts in the area of Broccon, as well as some hotels <strong>and</strong> a restaurant; the group proposed, 

with the support of the regional development agency, the project Baite del Lagorai, aimed at 

improving the bed capacity in the area. In both sub – areas, Tesino <strong>and</strong> Vanoi, the Province of Trento 

is about to implement a project to renew mountain chalets <strong>and</strong> farms, with a large usage of high–tech 


251

<strong>and</strong> renewable energy production. Another private initiative refers to the project Vacanze in Baita, 

which tries to manage <strong>and</strong> market the mountain chalets offer of the area. 

Valle del Chiese 

Figure 45 Stakeholder map of TesinoVanoi 


The third territory checked by the PP2 is Valle del Chiese where the system of local governance was 

studied. 

The local DMO for Valle del Chiese is the Tourism Consortium, which brings together 16 Proloco 

associations, 14 municipalities, the local associations of hotels <strong>and</strong> the BIM, the consortium of 

municipalities managing the hydrologic basin of the valley. It is mainly financed by the Tourism 

Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento. The consortium works in synergy with the 

regional DMO Trentino Spa. 

Categories which are mainly involved in the decision–making process are the BIM, the Valley’s 

Ecomuseum, the cooperative Iniziative&Sviluppo, the municipalities, the Proloco associations, the 

hotel association <strong>and</strong> other voluntary associations, banks <strong>and</strong> private sponsors. Among them, BIM is 

the most important public stakeholder, because it is fully representative of the valley <strong>and</strong> manages 

important funds. 

An important attempt at network management <strong>and</strong> stakeholder involvement was made with the 

experience of the “Territorial Pact”, a local development initiative implemented by the Province, 

where all of the local players have been involved. 


252

Just like in the other two areas, the Province of Trento is about to implement a project to renew 

mountain chalets <strong>and</strong> farms, with a large usage of high–tech <strong>and</strong> renewable energy production. 

Figure 46 Stakeholder map of Valle del Chiese 


3.2.2. PP3 –DevelopmentCentreLitija 

Governance system in pilot areas 

Slovenia has not officially got a regional administration like Italy or Austria. That means that under 

the national level of governance, municipalities are the next official level. They are relatively small 

<strong>and</strong> operate with far less financial funding than regional level administrations in the states that have 

such model. 

The main financial player <strong>and</strong> development leaders in the pilot area Jablaniška Dolina are the 

municipalities Šmartno pri Litiji <strong>and</strong> Litija, while in the area Dole pri Litiji it is the Litija 

municipality. The area Velika Planina lies in the municipality of Kamnik. 

Development Center Litija is an organisation founded in 1999 by the municipality of Litija. Today it 

appears as a promoter of development in much a wider territory <strong>and</strong> connects projects with as many as 

13 municipalities in the central Slovenian region. Over time, many successful projects have been 

carried out <strong>and</strong> the trade mark Srce Slovenije (The heart of Slovenia) was created. Under this br<strong>and</strong>, 

projects, initiatives, ideas, products <strong>and</strong> services are deployed, connected <strong>and</strong> shared. The 

development centre is also active in the field of European financial calls. 


253

Jablaniškadolina 

The area of Jablaniška dolina is financially <strong>and</strong> administratively supported by the municipality of 

Šmartno pri Litiji. Some financial support also comes from the municipality of Litija. Every year the 

active companies in the area try to obtain as much financial support from the municipality as possible. 

The main player <strong>and</strong> most lively company in the valley is LAZ, a rural development company. 

Development Center Litija also helps tourism development through local, regional, national <strong>and</strong>, just 

like in this case, European projects. Moreover, an incoming travel agency called Jarina has been 

involved, which is supported by the Development Center Litija <strong>and</strong> at present is much more active in 

the area of marketing of tourism product <strong>and</strong> attractions which were deployed within individual 

projects. It also serves as a local tourist guide <strong>and</strong> event planner. Those functions are developed at a 

regional level. 

At a local level there is another stakeholder who deals with tourism development, namely the 

Company for Rural Development LAZ. It works as an organiser of the main event “Tour along the 

slopes of Jablaniška valley" at a non-professional level, but it contributes to the promotion of tourism 

in the area. Some events <strong>and</strong> public work are carried out by volunteers in the valley. Generally 

speaking, there is not any organisation in the area which could take care of sustainable tourism 

development <strong>and</strong> promotion of tourism on a regular basis. 

Figure 47 Stakeholder map of JablaniškaDolina 

Municipality Šmartno pri Litiji Municipality Litija 

-administrative <strong>and</strong> financial support -administrative <strong>and</strong> financial support 

in one part of the area in one part of the area 

-source of non government organisations -source of non government 


<strong>and</strong> public projects <strong>and</strong> public projects 

Public institute Bogenšperk 

-established by municipality ŠmartnopriLitiji 

-promotion of tourism in municipality 

-care for tourism offer in the castle Bogenšperk 

-not active as a promoter of tourism 

Jarina (incoming tourist agency) Developing center Litija 

-marketing of local tourist offer -partner in the project 

-creating/developing tourism products -promoter of development in the area 

-local guiding -establish project for European <strong>and</strong> other 

founds -local indicative promoter 

Active societies in the area Entrepreneurs <strong>and</strong> companies 

-LAZ-Society for rural development -cycling shop <strong>and</strong> service 

-Sport Society Dolina 

-Valuntary fire brigade village Jablanica 

-Valuntary fire Bridage village Breg 

Local community Dole priLitiji 

The l<strong>and</strong> of charcoal burners is formally part of the Local Community Dole pri Litiji, which belongs 

to the Municipality of Litija. The Municipality of Litija gives administrative <strong>and</strong> financial support to 

the area <strong>and</strong> represents the main financial source for the NGOs that are active there. The local 

community of Dole pri Litiji connects companies <strong>and</strong> entrepreneurs in the area, but at the moment it 

does not deal with tourism development. A new tourism development organisation is required, which 


254

could be able to manage <strong>and</strong> integrate tourism development. The most active stakeholder in the area is 

the Sport Society Dole pri Litiji, which involves other players in its initiatives through different 

activities. The main activities of this society include the local ski resort <strong>and</strong> Charcoal-burning route 

management. A specific tradition of the area involves charcoal burners activity. Charcoal is in fact a 

traditional product of the area. Currently, charcoal burners <strong>and</strong> homesteads are not integrated in one 

single organisation, which could manage <strong>and</strong> sell the product l<strong>and</strong> of charcoal in a consistent, 

sustainable way. Charcoal burners together with Sport Society Dole pri Litiji organise events related 

to charcoal production <strong>and</strong> take care of the charcoal-burning route, without receiving much 

cooperation from other organisations in the area. Each charcoal burner sees to the marketing of 

charcoal, which is made in a traditional way. Sometimes, Agricultural Cooperative Trebnje 

contributes as a trade agent. The incoming travel agency Jarina, in cooperation with one Charcoal 

burner, prepared a vocational training activity for children who walk through a charcoal burning path 

<strong>and</strong> learn about charcoal burning. The primary school of the area also works with villagers, organising 

events <strong>and</strong> other activities for children. Entrepreneurs <strong>and</strong> other companies do not contribute to the 

tourism development of the area. 


255

Local ski 

resort 

DEVELOPMENT CENTER 

LITIJA 

ACTIVE SOCIETIES IN THE AREA 

The societies are important developmentfactor in 

the area, organise various events <strong>and</strong> venues. 

Charcoal 

-burning 

route 

Voluntary fire 

brigade in village 

Dole priLitiji 

Hunting family 

in the village 


Society of 

pensioners in 

the village 


Society of 

Slovenian exiles, 

local organization 

in the village 

Sport society 


Local 

organization of 

Red cross in the 

village Gradišče 

It is the promoter of the area; 

organises events, links the actors in 

the area. Manage local ski resort <strong>and</strong> 

Charcoal-burning route. Do not 

deploy <strong>and</strong> market products. 

Cultural <strong>and</strong> 

art society 

VenčeslavTa 

ufer in the 

village Dole 

priLitiji 

Local organization 

of Red cross in the 

village Dole priLitiji 

Society of country 

women <strong>and</strong> girls in 

the village Dole 

priLitiji 

MUNICIPALITY LITIJA 

- administrative <strong>and</strong> financial support of the area 

Society of 

country 

youngsters 

Hribci 

LOCAL COMMUNITY DOLE 

PRI LITIJI 

Links the actors in area, but 

is not active in the field of 

tourism development. 

Incoming travel 

agencyJarina 

Agricultural cooperative 

Trebnje 

ENTREPRENEURS AND COMPANIES 

Still do not contribute to the tourism 

development areas. 

PRIMARY SCHOOL DOLE PRI LITIJI 

OFFER OF FOOD AND 

BAVERAGE 

Restaurant 

Celestina 

Marketing of tourism product - 

educational learning path 

CHARCOAL BURNERS AND CHARCOAL 

HOMESTEAD 

Cook charcoal in charcoal heat on traditional way. 

Figure 48 Stakeholder map of Dole priLitiji 

Primary school education, linksthe villagers, 

organize events <strong>and</strong> different activities for 

children. 

It purchases traditional 

product – charcoal. 

Tourism on 

farm 

Pr` Krjan 

256

Velikaplanina 

The area of Velika Planina is financially <strong>and</strong> administratively supported by the municipality of 

Kamnik. The municipality is the owner of the company Velika planina d.o.o., which manages the ski 

lifts. The company does not have any capital for renovating old infrastructure <strong>and</strong> is highly dependent 

on donations <strong>and</strong> public money. The company is also registered as a tourism agency, <strong>and</strong> in the 

summer it hosts many organised groups, which are interested in trekking, hiking <strong>and</strong> mountain 

l<strong>and</strong>scape. The company <strong>and</strong> the whole area are promoted in tourism fairs in Slovenia <strong>and</strong> abroad. 

The Municipality of Kamnik also owns a museum in the shepherd settlement, which is managed by 

the company Velika Planina. 

The agency for the development of tourism <strong>and</strong> business is also partly funded by the municipality. It 

is active in the field of development <strong>and</strong> promotion of tourism in municipalities. It also organises 

programmes <strong>and</strong> tours for groups. 

The company Lebel d.o.o. offers sledging, ski school <strong>and</strong> rents out equipment. In the summer it 

offers exciting activities. The company Alpe Jadran d.o.o. is the biggest provider of huts to rent. 

Farmers <strong>and</strong> shepherds are organised in mountain pasture communities (Velika planina, Mala planina 

<strong>and</strong> Gojška planina), which represent their activities. Pasture communities also organise public 

activities such as tree cutting, maintenance of fences <strong>and</strong> roads, etc. It is important that farmers care 

for the preservation of cultural l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> keep the area alive <strong>and</strong> interesting for tourists. Some 

shepherds offer milk <strong>and</strong> dairy products. 

Mountain societies also own two big huts. Huts are rented to the providers of food <strong>and</strong> beverages, 

while the above mentioned societies take care of trekking paths. Rigelj Society brings together the hut 

owners <strong>and</strong> Bajtar Society organises the rental of shepherds’ houses. There are some providers of 

food <strong>and</strong> beverage which are not connected or organised. 

The Ministry of Agriculture supports mountain grazing through financial grants; the Institute for 

Preservation of Culture takes care of guidelines for culture preservation, while the Institute for Nature 

Preservation issues guidelines for nature protection. 

The Regional Park Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe, which is at present on the way to being established, 

will play an important role in the future. The park will be registered by law as an important player 

which will have direct <strong>and</strong> indirect influence on the main factors in the area. 

There are not any general managers or activity coordinators in the area at the moment, so it is difficult 

to represent the area in public, <strong>and</strong> this is an obstacle for development. At this stage Velika planina, 

d.o.o. can be considered the main player. 

257

MOUNTAIN PASTURES 

COMMUNITIES 

- Velikaplanina, 

- Mala planina, 

- Gojškaplanina 

AGENCY FOR TOURISM AND 

BUSINESS KAMNIK 

-development factor in municipality 

-promotion of tourism 

- destination management 

GOVERNMENT 

- Ministry of agriculture (funding) 

- Institute for preserving nature 

(nature protection guidelines) 

-Institute for culture (guidelines 

COMPANY VELIKA PLANINA D.O.O. (V.P.) 

- ski resort (ropes) infrastructure (out of 

date), 

- food <strong>and</strong> beverage, 

- tourism (also agency)-organised groups, 

destination manegement, 

- provider of sleeding 

- ski school 

LABEL d.o.o. 

- summer adrenalin park 

MUNICIPALITY KAMNIK 

- development of the area 

- owner of some l<strong>and</strong> area 

- owner of the V.P. d.o.o. company 

PILOT AREA 

VELIKA PLANINA 

Players, factors 

- Kamnik 

- Domžale, 

- Črnuče, 

Owners of huts 

MOUNTAIN SOCIETITES 

SOCIETIES 

- important factor in the area 

- organisation of different events 

- members’ own huts <strong>and</strong> other 

accommodation facilitites 

Figure 49 Stakeholder map of VelikaPlanina 

- Rigel, 

- Bajtar 

REGIONAL PARK (in establishing 

state) 

- natural preservation 

- managing? 

OTHER SOCIETIES: 

Providers: 

Organisation of different events 

- Zeleni rob 

- Jarškidom 

- Domžalskidom 

FOOD AND BEVERAGE

3.2.3. PP4 – BohemianSwitzerl<strong>and</strong> 

Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> PBO is a non-governamental organisation, which currently acts as the 

Destination Management Organisation of the area. Its board of directors is made up of 12 members, as 

shown in the figure below. Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> is responsible for strategic decisions as far as 

regional development, sustainable tourism, environmental education, carrying capacity, etc are 

concerned. Its functions involve marketing <strong>and</strong> PR agency, product development <strong>and</strong> implementation, 

fundraising, information <strong>and</strong> guide services <strong>and</strong> educational services. Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> PBO 

aims to enhance synergy <strong>and</strong> coordination in destination marketing, integrated regional mobility, 

project <strong>and</strong> product development. 

The organisation is financed by EU grants for tourism <strong>and</strong> other projects (50%), contributions of the 

destination fund members (10%), sales of services <strong>and</strong> products (books, guiding services, 40%). The 

annual budget amounts to about €1 million. Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> PBO has a contract with the 

destination members who pay for coordinated marketing, mobility <strong>and</strong> product development including 

project designing. Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> PBO has three founders (one city, one NGO, the National 

Park) which appoint 12 chair members independent from the Destination Fund structure with regard 

to regional development. 

Figure 50 Stakeholder map of Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

The Destination Fund (DF) has a Local Guide Group which acts as a Steering Committee (SC), an 

advisory body for tourism matters of BS PBO: its decisions are recommended but not compulsory. 

259

As regards representation, all of the members have been chosen on the basis of the tourism strategy 

<strong>and</strong> appointed by the chairman of BS PBO; there are three working groups for marketing, mobility 

<strong>and</strong> products which help the Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> PBO executive team in practical decisions within 

the DF/SC approved strategy. The responsibility of the Destination Fund Steering Committee deals 

with strategic coordination of activities in tourism, while DF members are responsible for controlling 

the usage of their contribution. 

In the category “marketing”, Destination Fund involves 55 members, which are big <strong>and</strong> small 

entrepreneurs, mainly hotels. In the category “development” DF has 10 members, among which the 

municipalities <strong>and</strong> NGOs are represented. 

Two important stakeholders are also the National Park Administration, which is responsible for the 

conservation <strong>and</strong> recreation of the NP area, <strong>and</strong> the Regional Government, which also deals with 

tourism policy. Both are financed by the state <strong>and</strong> contribute to the destination fund. 

In the area there are about 100 stakeholders, taking into account entrepreneurs, municipalities, <strong>and</strong> the 

administrations of protected areas. 25 of them are actively involved in decision-making, i.e. 10 key 

municipalities, 10 key entrepreneurs, the National Park administration. There are 10 key decision 

makers: DMO, DMO founders (National Park Administration, city council, NGO), regional authority, 

sponsors, 2 key municipalities, 2 key entrepreneurs. 

3.2.4. PP5 – OpolskieVoivodeship 

Tourism governance system in Pol<strong>and</strong> 

The main Ministry responsible for tourism development in Pol<strong>and</strong> is the Ministry of Economy <strong>and</strong> 

Employment (Tourism Department) whose main tasks are tourism l<strong>and</strong> management <strong>and</strong> the relation 

with tourism market. In the national budget there are two expenditure sections connected with 

tourism: 

� popularisation of tourism 

� other activities (particularly activities connected with the creation <strong>and</strong> renovation of tourism 

trails) 

It is must be mentioned here that a lot of tasks <strong>and</strong> activities which have a direct or indirect influence 

on tourism development are under the control of other ministries (Ministry of Cultural Heritage, 

Ministry of Environmental Protection <strong>and</strong> Ministry of Agriculture <strong>and</strong> Rural Areas Development). 

The lack of one coherent structure at a national level leaves a kind of management disorder at regional 

<strong>and</strong> local level. 

In order to ensure some uniform br<strong>and</strong> development direction for Polish tourism in 1999, the Polish 

Tourism Organisation was founded. It is responsible for: 

� promotion of Pol<strong>and</strong> as a tourism destination country 

� ensuring the development of the Polish information system within Pol<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> abroad 

� development plans of tourism infrastructure 

The goals of the Polish Tourism Organisation are reached simultaneously with actions which are 

undertaken by regional <strong>and</strong> local tourism organisations. Regional tourism organisations constitute a 

cooperation platform for the local governments, they are autonomous. They are used as instruments 

by territorial governments. 

260

Regional organisations aim to: 

� coordinate promotional activities in the region 

� create a regional information system 

� promote regional tourism attractions 

� stimulate the creation of a tourism product 

� support the development plans in terms of tourism infrastructure in the region 

� educate the staff for tourism purposes 

� lead the research <strong>and</strong> <strong>analysis</strong> in the tourism sector. 

Local organisation aim to: 

� social integration for tourism development 

� promotion of local attractions 

� leading local tourism information points 

The Polish Tourism Organisation <strong>and</strong> regional <strong>and</strong> local organisations are focused almost exclusively 

on promotion <strong>and</strong> information activities. They are not able to influence the entrepreneurship 

development in the tourism sector. 

Figure 51 Polish tourism system 

Ministry of Economy 

<strong>and</strong> Employment 

Tourism Department Polish Tourism 

Organisation 

Voivodeship Office 

Hotels, tourism 


transport services, travel 

Municipalities <strong>and</strong> Local Action Groups 

Regional Tourism 


Local Tourism 


Local Action Groups (LAG) which derive from Village Renewal groups have become a very 

important player in terms of tourism development in rural areas. Local Action Groups are created on 

the basis of cooperation among municipalities which set common development goals in their local 

strategies. Tourism development of the territory constitutes one of LAG’s most important goals. 

261

Strategies of Local Action Groups must be accepted by the regional government (Marshal’s Office) in 

terms of its accordance with the regional development strategy. 

Local Action Groups are responsible for the selection of activities to be implemented in their territory 

<strong>and</strong> develop their own cooperation projects. These decisions have to be accepted by the Marshal’s 

Office, which is responsible for transferring funds to final beneficiaries which implement the 

activities <strong>and</strong> projects. 

Recognising the key importance of the local action groups should lead to the transition from the 

traditional approach towards a bottom up approach. 

Figure 52 Municipalities <strong>and</strong> Local Action Groups 

Figure 53 From traditional approach to bottom up approach 

262


The first pilot territory is called Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> as excavations brought to light important 

paleontological remains. 

There are few main players in the area: the Marshal’s Office has a regional government influence on 

the dinosaurs’ excavations in Krasiejów. 

Two representatives of the Voivodeship board (Marshal’s Office) are members of the board of the 

Dinopark Association. They have direct influence on decisions connected to the management of the 

territory. Other members of the Dinopark association are municipalities (Ozimek, Kolonowskie) 

where the excavations are located. These two municipalities created the local action group – 

Dinosaurs L<strong>and</strong> - which refers directly to the main tourism resource (dinosaurs’ excavations). 

The problem which appears here is the lack of common strategy <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> between the Dinopark 

Association, the Local Action Group “Dinosaurs L<strong>and</strong>” <strong>and</strong> the private investor Delta Association 

which will soon build JURAPARK in the area using a different br<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> acting separately. 

Moreover, the activities of the Local Action Group are focused almost exclusively on the excavations, 

thus ignoring other resources such as trails, active holidays <strong>and</strong> hospitality. 

KluczborkOlesno L<strong>and</strong> 

Figure 54 Stakeholder map of Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 

The second pilot area “Kluczbork Olesno L<strong>and</strong>” is worth mentioning because of the presence of the 

Local Tourism Organisation (the only one in the region). 

263

Created on the basis of the cooperation between two neighbouring poviats (counties), it has achieved 

some success in terms of the creation of local tourism products. It has recently undertaken an initiative 

of tourism cluster (called Milk <strong>and</strong> Honey L<strong>and</strong>). Even though the territory constitutes a unit (history 

<strong>and</strong> traditions), 2 local action groups were created. Lack of cooperation <strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing among 

some municipalities could cause some problems <strong>and</strong> it seems necessary to work towards the creation 

of a common br<strong>and</strong>, a strong destination image <strong>and</strong> the implementation of some pilot projects. 

Figure 55 Stakeholder map of KluczborkOlesno L<strong>and</strong> 

3.2.5. PP6 – Usti Region 

In this area Destination Management Organisations are not present <strong>and</strong> only public bodies are directly 

involved in the decision–making process. Local development has been supported by the allocation of 

public resources for the promotion of cultural <strong>and</strong> social events by the region Ústí nad Labem. 

Investments are also allocated through external donors, above all Severočeské doly a.s., (The North – 

Bohemia Mines) which owns the pilot area <strong>and</strong> has the concession for coal mining <strong>and</strong> supports the 

development of the municipalities. 

For this reason, it will be necessary to involve this private company in the decision – making process 

regarding the future development of the area <strong>and</strong> in the pilot projects. There are also some 

associations which are active in the area, which organise social events <strong>and</strong> support the social 

connections to be involved in the activities in the area. 

Municipalities have a good chance of obtaining subsidies from the Czech Government for the 

revitalisation of the areas affected by coal mining. Dozens of investment projects are planned, which 

aim to the reconstruction <strong>and</strong> development of infrastructure, building of engineering communications 

<strong>and</strong> service pipelines for new constructions, cycle paths, parks <strong>and</strong> other activities. 

264

Figure 56 Stakeholder map of Podkrušnohoří Pilot Area 

3.2.6. PP7 – Lamoro 

In Aless<strong>and</strong>ria no specific institution represents the role of a DMO. The municipality, with its network 

of Civic museums based in rural areas, can be the driving force to develop the tourism potential of 

little villages surrounding the municipality <strong>and</strong> belonging to the same social – health consortium. 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria, in cooperation with the Chamber of Commerce, the University <strong>and</strong> local trade 

associations, has founded the Association Aless<strong>and</strong>ria 2018, with the objective of creating a strategic 

development plan where tourism plays an important role. 

The hotels <strong>and</strong> tour operators are grouped into two main consortia that are directly connected with the 

main agency for tourism promotion in the province, Alexala, whose members are the municipalities, 

the Chamber of Commerce <strong>and</strong> the Province. 

Figure 57 Stakeholder map of the area of CISSACA Consortium 

265

3.2.7. PP8 - L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim 

Some of the municipalities of the pilot territory are official members of the tourism association 

Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> while local players such as distillers, brewers, gastronomers, renters of 

holiday flats <strong>and</strong> direct marketers are members of the association “Rund ums Walberlae.V.” which 

they established in 2000. 

About 40 important stakeholders act in the area, including mayors, gastronomers, hotel managers, 

direct marketers, distillers, brewers, FränkischeSchweizVerein, country <strong>and</strong> costume associations as 

well as regional authorities <strong>and</strong> regional networks. The Leader Project local action group is organised 

as an association. One of the main criticalities involves the decision-making process, because each of 

the players is a partner in several networks <strong>and</strong> associations, <strong>and</strong> sometimes there are multiple 

connections <strong>and</strong> decision-making processes. Thus, the intensity of informal cooperation <strong>and</strong> decisionmaking 

is high, whereas formal <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ardised processes are low. 

About 10 to 15 important stakeholders (7 mayors, the steering group of Walberla association, the head 

of the gastronomy association, heads of Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> association) are involved in 

governance decisions. 

Actions <strong>and</strong> projects are supported by private players, the Public Administration, banks (e.g. 

Sparkasse, Raiffeisenbank), foundations (e.g. Kirchenstiftungen), the national renewing programme 

for rural local communities <strong>and</strong> EU funds such as LEADER <strong>and</strong> ERDF. 

With reference to tourism development strategies, the regional mission statement for the Franconian 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong> also applies to the pilot territory: a tourist card is available for the whole territory of 

Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> (for specific attractions), as well as the regional destination br<strong>and</strong>. 

The local municipalities do not have enough power (money, staff) to enhance tourism development; 

because of this reason, two mayors are not interested in activities in the tourism sector <strong>and</strong> delegate 

the activities to the voluntary players of the Walberla association or the tourism association 

Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. 

266

At the moment, there is a generation change in the Walberla association; its founders who started the 

activities about 10 years ago are aged around 60 or 60+. The successful activities of the Walberla 

association have been up to now intuitive, i.e. without a mission statement or development concept, 

but only based on a voluntary basis. The logo of Walberlamountain is available for the partners of the 

Walberla association, while further logos are created for single projects as the LEADER project 

“cultural path Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>”. 

At the moment, the intensity of the engagement in tourism is quite different among the seven mayors 

in the pilot area, but at least 50% of them have seen a real economic perspective in tourism <strong>and</strong> started 

specific activities; they are highly interested in the LISTEN project <strong>and</strong> in taking part in it, as they see 

a chance for the improvement of local development <strong>and</strong> for future tourism activities through the 

exchange with EU partners <strong>and</strong> the impulse of the project. The others prefer to leave things as they 

are. 

Figure 58 Stakeholder map of L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim Pilot Area 

The LISTEN project 

Local politicians (mayors) 

Public administration 

267

etc.) 

Associations, networks 

Entrepreneurs (gastronomers, brewers+distillers, hotel owners/flat renters, farmers 

Universities, consultants etc. 

Member / Partly member of Walberlae.V. 

Member / Partly member of the LISTEN Local Guide Group 

3.2.8. PP9 – University of Natural Resources <strong>and</strong> 

Applied Life Sciences Vienna 

The governance structure in the region is very complex. There are several tourism associations which 

fit in a holistic scheme, but coordination takes a lot of time, resulting in the system to be quite 

lethargic. 

The ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> GmbH is mainly influenced by three main clusters or associations. One cluster is 

dominated by regional tourism associations. Via the Südburgenl<strong>and</strong> Plus association - a permanent 

Leader <strong>and</strong> an institution supported by the federal state – the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>cooperates with several 

regional projects. The federal tourism association of Burgenl<strong>and</strong> is influencing the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

GmbH directly because it is a founder. Moreover, founding members of the ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> GmbH 

are the third cluster which consists of the EEE <strong>and</strong> the former ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> association. 

Cooperation has been intense for many years, so there is a common underst<strong>and</strong>ing of what is going to 

be done <strong>and</strong> how ithas to be done. 

Figure 59 Regional governance structure of ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

268

The most relevant regional LISTEN project partners are listed in the middle row (see below) <strong>and</strong> 

these are the partners which directly influence the LISTEN project. 

Nevertheless, there is a cooperation lack in the region which is caused by regional competitiveness. 

In the planning of pilot actions, one of the most important working fields will address this issue. 

Figure 60 Stakeholder mapof ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 

269

3.3. Governance tools for sustainable tourism 

development in rural villages 

3.3.1. Actions of destination management 

When we deal with destination management there are 4 main dimensions that we have to take into 

consideration: 

1. how to create incoming tourism: destination management is the combination of strategy <strong>and</strong> 

tools for the reaching, attraction <strong>and</strong> management of the flows of tourism needed in the 

destination to support local economic activities, but, at the same time, preservation of the 

environment from the risks of exploitation <strong>and</strong> excessive carrying capacity; 

2. managing the br<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the symbolic values of the destination: the destination management 

activities deal with promotion <strong>and</strong> communication processes in order to reach the targeted 

market. Communication activities will be focused on highlighting not only the attractions of 

the territories, but also on giving clear indications about the activities <strong>and</strong> the experiences that 

are available during the holiday in the destination; 

3. managing the relations with the stakeholders: the destination management is meant to 

facilitate the integration among local players, both private <strong>and</strong> public, in order to establish a 

network configuration of the destination tourism offer. The relations among the stakeholders 

become strategic <strong>and</strong> the destination management activities should influence the way in 

which entrepreneurs cooperate <strong>and</strong> deal with the local DMO; 

4. evaluation of tourism impact on the local system: the destinations should not only focus on the 

economic impact of tourism, but also on the other types of impact related to sustainability in 

terms of social <strong>and</strong> environmental consequences. For these reasons, the implementation of a 

tourism development strategy has to consider the involvement of the local population in the 

tourism exchanges <strong>and</strong> the exploitation of natural resources involved in tourism development 

270

in order to achieve a correct balance of factors <strong>and</strong> a long-lasting opportunity for the 

destination. 

For the above mentioned reasons, the destination management organisation appointed for the 

development of tourism has to work closely with the tourism department of the local government to 

implement its strategy. Therefore, if the regional or local government has to define the framework of 

the destination management organisation (DMO), its rules <strong>and</strong> organisation (funding, bodies) in the 

specific areas of action of the DMO will be: 

1. The creation of products directly linked to specific targeted markets; 

2. The development of competencies among the stakeholders of the territories to achieve better 

results through innovation; 

3. The definition of quality st<strong>and</strong>ards in order to improve service; 

4. The application of sustainability indicators to the tourism projects; 

5. The integration with the tourism policy at a regional <strong>and</strong>/or national level. 

3.3.2. Destination management <strong>and</strong> sustainability 

indicators 

In order to underst<strong>and</strong> the way a DMO should work on a destination taking into consideration the 

sustainability of tourism development, an interesting example comes from the evaluation <strong>and</strong> 

assessment of the management of protected areas (PAs), which usually integrates a strong focus on 

the planning <strong>and</strong> processes that can deliver sustainable outcome. 

PAs are particularly relevant for sustainability studies since, because of their legal <strong>and</strong> management 

m<strong>and</strong>ates, they are increasingly expected to serve as demonstration grounds for Sustainable 

Development (SD) principles, where human development <strong>and</strong> the preservation of natural resources 

can coexist. Moreover, their special or well preserved natural features are usually strong attractions 

for tourism, which is then commonly put forward as a popular or logical opportunity for development 

for these territories. It is commonly acknowledged that, if well managed, tourism can constitute a 

powerful tool for economic or social development, but also for conservation. 

We may also check different approaches such as Agenda 21 which had a chapter (Ch. 40) named 

“Information on Decision – Making” urging national, international governmental <strong>and</strong> non – 

governmental organisations to develop SDIs (sustainable development index) to improve information 

on decision-making, based on the approach that you can only manage what you can measure. Since 

then, a boom of initiatives of indicator frameworks has taken place. The Compendium of Indicator 

Initiatives of the International Institute for Sustainable Development lists over 800 initiatives from 

around the world which are involved in the development of Sustainable Development Indicators 

(SDIs) 18 . Indicators are now at the heart of the debate of most issues involving SD, from local to 

global issues. 

Table 1 summarises the 1996 <strong>and</strong> 2004 STI frameworks of the World Tourism Organisation (WTO, 

1996, 2004) as well as the more recent of the EU’s Tourism Sustainability Group (Tourism 

Sustainability Group, 2007). These frameworks were developed for a wide application in international 

contexts. The WTO 2004 framework is definitely a step forward if compared to its previous 1996 

version. It specifies more topics <strong>and</strong> focuses on more issues than its overly general first version. Its 

18 840 in November 2008 ( www.iisd.org/measure/compendium). 

271

Core Indicators 

concern exp<strong>and</strong>ed from mostly environmental issues to a more general triple bottom line (TBL) 

approach by taking into consideration the social, environmental <strong>and</strong> economic impact of tourism - 

though still with a predominance in the attention to the environmental impact. Interestingly, both 

WTO frameworks present supplementary issues for PAs, thus demonstrating the importance of these 

areas as tourism destinations. The predominance of state indicators is clear, with most issues focusing 

on different types of impact on the environment, economy <strong>and</strong>, at a less relevant level, communities. 

On the other h<strong>and</strong>, the verification of operational aspects is minimal, as it was limited to “planning 

process” in 1996;it slightly exp<strong>and</strong>ed to include marketing <strong>and</strong> management in 2005 as well as the 

degree of cooperation with communities. 

Table 161 Management effectiveness frameworks. Adapted from Cifuentes&Izurieta (1999); Courrau (1999); 

Ervin (2003b); Hockings & Dudley (2007); <strong>and</strong> Stolton et al. 

1. Site protection 

2. Stress 

3. Use intensity 

4. Social impact 

5. Development control 

6. Waste management 

7. Planning process 

8. Critical ecosystems 

9. Consumer satisfaction 

10. Local satisfaction 

11. Tourism contribution 

to local economy 

Composite Indices 

Carrying capacity 

Site stress 

Attractiveness 

Supplementary issues for 

Managed Wildlife Parks: 

Poor species help 

Overcrowding 

Human encroachment 

Poaching 

Lack of safety 

Supplementary issues for 

Baseline issues <strong>and</strong> indicators 

Local satisfaction with tourism 

Effects of tourism on communities 

Sustaining tourist satisfaction 

Tourism seasonality 

Economic benefits of tourism 

Energy management 

Water availability <strong>and</strong> conservation 

Drinking water quality 

Sewage treatment 

Solid waste management 

Development control 

Controlling use intensity 

Specific issues <strong>and</strong> indicators for Parks <strong>and</strong> Protected Areas 

Visitor numbers 

Integrity of key protected systems 

Damage attributable to visitor activity 

Level of visitor control <strong>and</strong> monitoring 

Marketing 

Management 

Specific issues <strong>and</strong> indicators for Communities within or adjacent to 

protected areas 

Impact of the community activity on the park - its management 

<strong>and</strong> protection 

Impact of the park on the residents of the community 

Coreindicators: 

- Total visitor arrivals or bednights per month 

- Total day visitor estimated per annum or per 

month 

- Number of bedspaces (by accommodation 

type) 

- Annual average % bedspace <strong>and</strong> bedroom 

occupancy of accommodation 

- Average spending per head 

- Percentage of bedspaces available all year 

round 

- Ratio of average occupancy (or total bed nights) 

in the busiest <strong>and</strong> least busy 3 months 

- Number of bedspaces per 1000 local population 

- Ratio of number of tourists to local population 

- Average lengthof stay 

- Percentage of visitors arriving by means of 

transport other than car or plane 

- Percentage of seasonal tourism-related jobs 

- Average hourly earnings in tourism as ratio of 

all industry hourly earnings 

- Percentage residents indicating that they are 

satisfied with local impact of tourism 

- Percentage of enterprises with recognised 

environmental certification 

- Water consumption (Total or sum from 

tourism) – total <strong>and</strong> in the busiest period 

- Water quality (sea <strong>and</strong> freshwater areas) 

- Quantity of strewn litter in selected sites 

- Environmental state of selected sites 

- Percentage of selected types of precious 

l<strong>and</strong>scape area (e.g. length of coastline) 

that is built upon 

- Percentage tourism enterprises participating in 

the quality certification scheme 

- Percentage visitors indicating that they are 

satisfied with the overall experience 

- Percentage tourism enterprises meeting 

specified accessibility st<strong>and</strong>ards 

- Presence of a destination management 

organisation involving different 

stakeholders 

- Percentage of businesses belonging to local 

tourism associations 

- Existence of an agreed <strong>and</strong> monitored 

sustainable tourism strategy <strong>and</strong> action 

plan 

272

Unique Ecological Sites: 

Ecosystemdegradation 

Degree to which co-planning <strong>and</strong> management is performed 

Level of cooperation between the protected area <strong>and</strong> the 

gateway or park community 

3.4. Destination Management Organisation (DMO) 

The experiences in Europe, America <strong>and</strong> Australia show three main models of Destination 

Management Organisation: 

1. Institutional bodies made up of the local public authority <strong>and</strong> the Chamber of Commerce 

representing the private sectors; 

2. Organisations made up of private entrepreneurs (through their associations) together with the 

local public authorities; 

3. Organisations of the National Government with different branches in each destination. 

The form of the DMO depends on the national legislation, the current stage of tourism development, 

the importance of tourism in the strategy of local development. The more tourism is strategic for the 

local development, the more important the role of the DMO in the territory would be. However, in 

order to have an appropriate balance within the DMO <strong>and</strong> be able to operate at the same time, it is 

important to follow these guidelines: 

� A high level of representation of the stakeholders of the destination; 

� A coherent budget to fulfill targets; 

� An appropriate organisational structure in terms of roles, functions <strong>and</strong> competencies; 

� A clear input from the Local government to operate in order to implement strategies <strong>and</strong> 

action in the destination. 

In principle, however, DMOs should be created with an institutional structure or support that gives 

them legitimacy, capacity, but also the specific requirement to manage through SD principles. Unless 

they lose their status, the territories involved in the LISTEN project do not normally have any other 

alternatives of less sustainable forms of l<strong>and</strong> management.In sum, some conclusions can be drawn: 

1. tourism might not be the only one element, but it is a key element in ecological, social, 

economic events in these areas; 

2. all of these dimensions are interconnected <strong>and</strong> the DMO has direct management 

responsibilities in their balance; 

3. the DMO is institutionally tied to sustainability principles. 

It can also be argued that the managing <strong>and</strong> monitoring approaches developed by the DMO can 

provide valuable insights, perspectives or practices that could prove useful for general sustainable 

tourism development. The main elements that a DMO should incorporate in its action are: 

1. design issues – i.e. context <strong>and</strong> planning; 

2. appropriateness of management systems <strong>and</strong> processes – i.e. input <strong>and</strong> process; 

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3. delivery of objectives – i.e. output <strong>and</strong> outcome.” 19 

Elements of 

evaluation 

Explanation 

Criteria that are 

assessed 

Figure 61 Framework for assessing DMO effectiveness. 

Source: Hockings et al. (2000). 

Table 162 Key steps, criteria <strong>and</strong> focus of evaluation. Adapted from Hockings et al. (2002). 

Context Planning Input Process Output Outcome 

Where are we 

now? 

Assessment of 

importance, 

threats <strong>and</strong> policy 

environment 

Significance 

Threats 

Vulnerability 

National context 

Where do we 

want to be? 

Assessment of 

PA design <strong>and</strong> 

planning 

PA legislation <strong>and</strong> 

policy 

PA system design 

Management 

planning 

What do we 

need? 

Assessment of 

resources needed 

to carry out 

management 

Resourcing of 

agency 

Resourcing of site 

Partners 

How do we go 

about it? 

Assessment of 

the way in which 

management is 

conducted 

Suitability of 

management 

processes 

What were the 

results? 

Assessment of the 

implementation of 

management 

programmes <strong>and</strong> 

actions; delivery of 

products <strong>and</strong> 

services. 

Results of 

management 

actions 

Services <strong>and</strong> 

products 

What did we 

achieve? 

Assessment of 

the outcomes 

<strong>and</strong> the extent 

to which they 

achieved 

objectives 

Impacts: effects 

of management 

in relation to 

objectives 

Nevertheless, these approaches are not intended to exclude or replace quantitative monitoring 

methods.They are aimed at addressing DMO aspects in which quantitative methods are not adequate, 

possible or fully able to provide meaningful results. In fact, perhaps the most significant feature of 

these frameworks is how they all acknowledge <strong>and</strong> highlight the need to equally monitor <strong>and</strong> look for 

19 Hockings et al., 2000, p.11 

274

indicators to an extent that goes beyond the measuring of output, key variables or environmental 

threats. There is the implicit recognition that not only the natural environment must be considered, but 

also the social <strong>and</strong> institutional environment which have an important influence on the “performance”. 

By monitoring variables in these dimensions, a DMO can redirect its efforts to where its need is felt, 

by re–allocating resources, raising support <strong>and</strong> awareness, engaging the community <strong>and</strong>/or politicians, 

etc. The frameworks provide several examples of such variables, corresponding to the important 

process indicators of a DMO. These include institutional issues like: laws <strong>and</strong> regulations, l<strong>and</strong> tenure, 

administrative autonomy, intra <strong>and</strong> inter – institutional support <strong>and</strong> relations, organisation, 

management <strong>and</strong> operational plans, financing, research programmes, legal status, staff numbers, etc. 

Moreover, the frameworks pay particular attention to a series of “human” issues, including: the 

training level of staff, satisfaction, education <strong>and</strong> awareness of staff <strong>and</strong> stakeholders, key members of 

community, indigenous people, political representatives, etc. Although probably most of these could 

be interpreted as state indicators if they are treated as goals that DMO should aim to, they are first <strong>and</strong> 

foremost process indicators in the sense that they will drive <strong>and</strong> affect most of the management 

process. 

Naturally, the frameworks that have been presented show to have a wide comprehensive approach to 

DMO activities <strong>and</strong> were not created to address specifically tourism issues. Tourism can be one of the 

elements taken into consideration. 

Figure 62 A working framework for comprehensive ST assessment, planning <strong>and</strong> evaluation 

As has been done within the framework of the LISTEN project, the beginning of any sustainable 

development (ST) approach will begin inevitably by a stage of context assessment (“where are we 

now”) <strong>and</strong> planning (“where do we want to be”), corresponding to the Design/Planning theme of the 

framework. This would incorporate traditional tourism issues like the number of bedspaces, 

occupational rates, average spending or visitor satisfaction, as well as specific ST issues like the 

residents’ satisfaction, ratio of businesses to environmental management systems in place, the means 

of transport used by the visitors. The definition of targets for these subjects through consultation or 

participatory approaches - which is the aim of the Local Guide Group in each pilot territory - would 

then provide the desired outcome against which the output would be measured, thus setting a close 

operational link between the Design <strong>and</strong> Delivery elements. 

275

Likewise, a strong link exists between the Planning (“where do we want to be”) <strong>and</strong> Input (“what do 

we need”) stages. The framework becomes particularly useful for its <strong>analysis</strong> of the key “root” issues 

affecting the implementation of sustainability management strategies,which range from issues 

regarding the staff (including numbers <strong>and</strong> training levels), funding <strong>and</strong> security, infrastructure <strong>and</strong> 

equipment or availability of information. These seem fairly obvious issues to consider for any 

sustainable strategy, but unfortunately they are not usually treated as indicators which are worth 

monitoring - <strong>and</strong> whose st<strong>and</strong>ards are shared - in most STIs frameworks, although there are no 

reasons why they should not be taken into view. Issues regarding staff, funding, infrastructure or 

information, however, would instead correspond to the definition of process indicators that has been 

presented, i.e. as factors influencing or affecting the state of the system rather than being the final 

objectives. These, however, are issues that should be considered <strong>and</strong> debated during the Planning 

stage, so that measures <strong>and</strong> strategies could be put in place to secure such resources. 

As the name implies, process indicators are also the main elements of the Processelement which are 

focused on the question of “how do we go about it”, or the suitability of management processes. 

Topics include issues of governance <strong>and</strong> capacity, law enforcement, stakeholder relations (including 

community support <strong>and</strong> participation as well as intra-<strong>and</strong> inter-institutional support), management 

practices, legal frameworks <strong>and</strong> administrative autonomies, research <strong>and</strong> monitoring, etc. Their 

effectiveness, due to their complexity, is usually assessed through qualitative approaches <strong>and</strong> ratings 

of perceptions from knowledgeable individuals that can provide meaningful insights <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>s– 

onexperience into the complexities of the existing processes. The adequacy or appropriateness of the 

processes also havean obvious connection with the Delivery element of ST management, for their 

direct <strong>and</strong> indirect impact on output <strong>and</strong> outcome. 

The responsibility of the DMO is strong where resources provide a competitive advantage. In this 

case the destination is able to use these resources effectively in the long run. 

A destination rich in resources may not be as competitive as a destination that lacks resources but uses 

them – though scarce in number - much more effectively. By stating this, we want to say that if a 

destination which has a prospective view in tourism shares this view with all of the stakeholders, 

underst<strong>and</strong>s its strengths as well as its weaknesses, develops an appropriate marketing strategy <strong>and</strong> 

implements it successfully, it could become more competitive than a destination which has never 

asked what role tourism can play in its economic <strong>and</strong> social development. 

Despite the central role of the government <strong>and</strong> industrial associations, the collective actions of the 

many thous<strong>and</strong>s of individual tourism-related enterprises have the greatest impact on the deployment 

of resources. Government actions may constrain the way in which resources are used, but within these 

constraints firms decide precisely where <strong>and</strong> how the resources will be deployed. Special interest 

groups such as environmental organisations, community associations, consumer groups, recreational 

associations <strong>and</strong> others are often vigilant in expressing their views on tourism development, 

particularly when it involves perception of adverse ecological, social <strong>and</strong> cultural impact. Tourism 

resources are likely to be used more effectively when the different ways of deployment share a 

common view regarding a destination’s strategy for tourism development. 

The mobilisation or deployment of resources for competitive advantage may be considered to consist 

of five elements: first of all, an audit or inventory of resources is required before they can be deployed 

appropriately. This involves more than just the cataloguing <strong>and</strong> listing of resources, as underst<strong>and</strong>ing 

the capacity <strong>and</strong> capability of the resources is crucial:this includes the limitation <strong>and</strong> consequences of 

the use of the resources. The maintenance of the resources is the second element: the stock of the 

resources must be maintained in an appropriate way to fight undue deterioration <strong>and</strong>facilitate 

sustainability. For man-maderesources in particular, actions that facilitate the growth <strong>and</strong> 

276

development of the stock of these resources are important; finally, the efficiency <strong>and</strong> effectiveness of 

resource deployment create competitive advantage. 

In summary, destination competitiveness <strong>and</strong> performance are linked in many ways. They combine 

both comparative <strong>and</strong> competitive advantages, i.e. the endowed factors (both naturally, occurring <strong>and</strong> 

creating), <strong>and</strong> the ability to mobilise <strong>and</strong> deploy these factors, respectively. 

A DMO may be judged to be successful if it has achieved to balance a desired level of economic 

turnover with desired levels of preservation or enhancement of environmental <strong>and</strong> cultural integrity. 

The challenge that faces policy makers within the DMO is to establish goals that reflect the values <strong>and</strong> 

ambitions of destination stakeholders <strong>and</strong> then promote a policy framework that supports the 

achievement of these goals. If we want to summarise, the achievement of destination success is the 

shared responsibility of everyone. 

Without the local authority’s full commitment, it seems clear that the DMO would have serious 

problems to fulfill its targets. However, if the local authority is ready to join the tourism development 

process, the only way to put the strategy into practice is the creation of a strong alliance with the 

stakeholders in the territory, as tourism is the only economic sector which binds all the resources of a 

place together <strong>and</strong> cannot be planned without a strong cooperation. 

If we look at international cases, the main results of a DMO, which are related to its main 

responsibilities, are: 

1. Creating the br<strong>and</strong> value of the destination <strong>and</strong> its positioning on the tourism market. This 

means that great emphasis must be laid on a strong br<strong>and</strong> image with clearly identified, 

designed br<strong>and</strong> values that resonate with key target segments; 

2. Product management or creation of the tourism offer: more direct engagement with the 

customers to identify what motivates them to go on holiday, anticipate their needs <strong>and</strong> fulfill 

their aspirations; 

3. The establishment of ongoing, direct, two-way <strong>and</strong> networking consumer communication 

channels, <strong>and</strong> for key customer relationship strategies to take place with the possible 

development of mass customisation marketing <strong>and</strong> delivery capabilities; 

4. Greater efforts in the creation <strong>and</strong> promotion of holiday experiences that link key br<strong>and</strong> 

values <strong>and</strong> assets with the holiday aspirations <strong>and</strong> needs of key customers. 

3.5. Governance tools for LISTEN pilot areas 

3.5.1. The model 

Following the general community destination management model <strong>and</strong> the comparative <strong>analysis</strong> of the 

governance assets of the LISTEN areas, the roles of local institutions, DMOs <strong>and</strong> local groups, a 

governance model for rural destinations has been elaborated in order to follow the path to sustainable 

tourism development. This proposal has been adapted to the specific characteristics of each pilot area, 

as will be described below. 

Every area has its own specific approach <strong>and</strong> relations within the territory, different legislative 

frameworks <strong>and</strong> level of tourism development. 

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The efforts of the PP2 have been towards the description of a meta - management tool which can be 

adapted to each area while contributing to the local development related to sustainable tourism. It 

should follow the example of the best experiences that have been made on an international scale <strong>and</strong> 

try to avoid mistakes that were made by other territories in the past. 

If we leave aside the tourism development policy that is undertaken at a regional <strong>and</strong> national level, 

we rate the institutions responsible for the management of tourism development in the destination to 

be the key players in the local tourism governance. We are making reference to project partners, 

which have the responsibility for the Listen Project actions <strong>and</strong> pilot projects, <strong>and</strong> the local destination 

management organisation - where it exists. For those territories where there is not yet a proper DMO, 

the model will also suggest a possible way of creating it. 

Representatives of the Project Partner, DMO <strong>and</strong> Local Guide Group will create a Task Force (TF) 

for the implementation of the LISTEN pilot projects. This group should be an executive board, made 

up of 5/10 key stakeholders in each pilot area, coordinated by a representative from the PP. While the 

Local Guide Group has the role of defining the possible pilot projects to be implemented in Wp4, the 

role of the task force is to manage the pilot project implementation during the development of the 

project <strong>and</strong> evaluate the sustainability of the process, with reference to the indicators described by the 

PP9. This means, for example, that if pilot projects within the LISTEN framework focus on some 

specific aspects of tourism development, only the organisations which are really interested in them 

will join the Task Force. In the territories where tourism governance still lacks a leadership <strong>and</strong> 

management tools, the Listen Task Force could become the first step towards the creation of a real 

DMO. 

The Public Administration is represented in all Task Forces. It also establishes a separate organ, the 

Board of Mayors, which gives political orientation, supervises <strong>and</strong> legitimates the TF’s action. 

Figure 63 Governance model for LISTEN areas 


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LP – Autonomous Province of Trento 

Trentino Spa, which is the regional DMO in charge at a provincial level represented in the LISTEN 

Core Group, is responsible for the promotion <strong>and</strong> marketing of all of the three pilot areas. In each one 

of them there is a local DMO, which is set as a consortium of local tourism associations. The only 

exception is TesinoVanoi, which is made up of two sub –areas: in this case there are two local DMOs, 

i.e. the Valsugana Tourism Board in charge of the area of Tesino, while an independent consortium 

operates in Vanoi. As a consequence, there does not seem to be a need to create new institutions, 

while it could be necessary to legitimate an informal Task Force made up of representatives of key 

stakeholders, as shown in the figure, under the LP coordination in order to implement pilot projects. 

PP3 – Development Centre Litija 

Figure 64 Governance model for LP 


The fact that regional level of administration does not exist in Slovenia also implies the lack of a 

regional DMO. Development Centre Litija can take responsibility for governance actions in the 

context of LISTEN project, coordinate the creation <strong>and</strong> manage the activity of local Task Forces in 

pilot areas. At the moment Development Center Litija is not ready to deal with the functions of DMO, 

<strong>and</strong> in order to be successful on that field it would need to be reorganized, <strong>and</strong> possibly grow to the 

size of a larger organization than today. Task Forces would possibly become active branches of 

central DMO. 

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Local Guide Groups of the three areas, Jablaniškadolina, Dole prilitiji <strong>and</strong> Velikaplanina, will have to 

give birth to local executive groups together with those institutions which have been elected as 

managers of each pilot area: 

� Manager in the pilot area Jablaniškadolina becomes Institute Bogenšperk 

� Manager of the pilot area Dole priLitiji, becomes Local community Dole 

� Manager of the pilot area Velikaplanina becomes Agency for tourism <strong>and</strong> business Kamnik 

Municipalities will have to monitor actions <strong>and</strong> activities of Listen Task Forces. They will also have 

to validate their activity politically. Municipalities are informed about the actions done in the project 

we forwarded documentation about past <strong>and</strong> future planed actions to them but only as a request for 

co-financing. The members of the municipalities did not get active any role within the project Listen. 

At the moment the aforementioned organizations do not have any specific know-how <strong>and</strong> resources to 

manage the area <strong>and</strong> market tourism product. In all of the three institutions reorganisationis needed, as 

well as the employment of extra staff, the search for additional financial sources, formal rights for the 

management of the area, etc. That is why earlier support <strong>and</strong> consensus from the municipality are 

particularly important. 

At a national level, it is important to establish a relationship with the Slovenian Tourism Organisation 

<strong>and</strong> include the LISTEN destinations in its marketing <strong>and</strong> promotion activity. Development Centre 

Litija seems to be the subject in charge of this networking action. 

PP4 – Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

Figure 65 Governance model for PP3 


A Destination Management Organisation is already in charge in Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>. It is made up 

of an NGO of 65 members,with a board of directors of 12 members (national park director, city 

mayors, public officers, politicians at regional <strong>and</strong> national level). The NGO assigns a strategic plan 

<strong>and</strong> a budget to the Secretariate with specific tasks including destination marketing, integrated 

regional mobility, product development <strong>and</strong> research. The Secretariate’s actions are evaluated 

according to the results that are brought to the NGO.At this stage it seems that the governance model 

already existent may be suitable to develop the pilot projects, as it is very well structured <strong>and</strong> focused 

on results. 

280

In this case, the Task Force will be made up of representatives from the Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 

executive board <strong>and</strong> a tourism consultant; the Local Guide Group will have to monitor <strong>and</strong> validate its 

action. 

PP5 – OpolskieVoivodeship 



A new governance asset needs to be implemented, as an organisation fully committed to the tourism 

development in pilot territories does not exist. The starting point would probably be the Marshall’s 

Office although many responsibilities that influence tourism development are within the control of the 

local government. In Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> Pilot Area it is important to stimulate the creation of a new 

organisation, in which KrajnaDinozaurow association, Dinopark association <strong>and</strong> the private investor 

Delta Associationcould gather together. Otherwise, the risk is that small entrepreneurs will not take 

part in the tourism development process. This means that the Local Authority should create the 

conditions for small businesses to gain access to the network of the providers of the Dinosaur’s Park 

(accommodation, restaurant, other services) <strong>and</strong> the local farmers should supply with local products. 

At the same time private investors should help the territory by investing in some important sectors, 

such as sewage <strong>and</strong> water treatment, which are strategic for the area. Within a new – born DMO the 

different tasks could also be shared <strong>and</strong> assigned to different groups; for example, the associations 

could take care of territorial animation <strong>and</strong> the organisation of events, while Dinopark, together with 

the private investor, could manage the Park. Moreover, the DMO will also have to manage a single 

br<strong>and</strong> for the whole destination. The Task Force for the Listen Pilot Projects will be made up of 

representatives of different stakeholders, as shown in the figure, while the Local Guide Group, also 

represented, will have to monitor <strong>and</strong> contribute to the Pilot Project implementation. 

In the Pilot Area Honey <strong>and</strong> Milk L<strong>and</strong> the governance asset is a lot simpler.The Local Tourism 

Organisation, together with the existent Local Action Groups, has the chance to create a DMO; the 

first step in this process will be the creation of the informal Task Force, as shown in the figure. 

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PP6 – Usti Regio 



One of the key–points of the governance proposal in the PP6 pilot area regards the importance of 

involving Severočeskédolya.s.which has a cooperative approach, as well as enhancing the 

involvement of the local associations. At the moment there is not any Destination Management 

Organisation in the area <strong>and</strong> the awareness towards the benefit of tourism in the local authority is low. 

If the possibility to access substantial funds in the future is considered, the need of establishing a 

strong meta –management company seems to be even more urgent. PP6’s Task Force will have to be 

created by starting from the alliance of the associations, entrepreneurs, municipalities, Regional 

Chamber <strong>and</strong> Mining Company. It may coincide with the Local Guide Group, but in this case, within 

the LGG, an executive group must have the chance to make decisions - monitored <strong>and</strong> validated by a 

wider board - <strong>and</strong> act quickly. 

As the mining concessions will be valid until 2070, it seems important to underst<strong>and</strong> which the values 

connected with mining are <strong>and</strong> the perspective of the population <strong>and</strong> this may even provide some 

important suggestions for the pilot projects. People have already met to discuss about some future 

projects <strong>and</strong> it seems that coal mining <strong>and</strong> its relation with tourism will have to be the common thread. 

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PP7 – Lamoro 



The LISTEN project could be an interesting tool <strong>and</strong> starting point for the creation of a local DMO for 

Aless<strong>and</strong>ria <strong>and</strong> surrounding area. The PP7 could enhance this process, if it involved the main 

stakeholders in the discussion, especially the Municipality of Aless<strong>and</strong>ria <strong>and</strong> Alexala, the provincial 

DMO. This way, the Local Guide Group, in this case coincident with the Task Force, will fully 

represent the territorial complexity <strong>and</strong> will be able to manage the Listen Pilot Project, <strong>and</strong>, in the 

future, tourism development. 



283

PP8 – L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim 

The governance of the PP8 Pilot Area is very complex. Some of the municipalities of the pilot 

territory are official members of the tourism association Franconian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, while small 

entrepreneurs created their own association “Rund ums Walberla”. At this stage there is no 

organisation which is fully committed to the tourism development in the pilot territories: on the one 

h<strong>and</strong>, the tourism association has a wide area to look upon, <strong>and</strong> the association does not have the 

competence <strong>and</strong> resources for an appropriate destination marketing activity. 

It is important to enhance a stronger cooperation between the regional DMO <strong>and</strong> the local system, <strong>and</strong> 

promote the creation of a local committee, which would be able to manage the tourism development 

of the area, in that it will be recognised as the subject in charge for territorial coordination. In this new 

organisation the most active associations must play a central role, together with representatives from 

L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim <strong>and</strong> key – municipalities. The Listen Task Force could represent the first step 

towards the creation of this organisation in this context. For the lifetime of the LISTEN project, 

filtering <strong>and</strong> connecting the most important tourism stakeholders in the Local Guide Group is a real 

challenge. At the moment, the opportunity of creating a Task Force besides the LGG does not exist 

because people's abilities would be overstretched by the presence of a new organisation. 

Taking the situation that has been presented into account, it is more eligible to make now a 

governance change not at a structural level, but focusing on the soft factors such as the quality <strong>and</strong> 

intensity of cooperation <strong>and</strong> communication, a tourism concept, management <strong>and</strong> marketing tools, 

quality of accommodation, implementation of innovative sustainable tourism offers, etc. This means 

that the existing tourism stakeholders should be empowered in their activities, <strong>and</strong> their capability to 

bring tourism forward at a local level should be strengthened. This includes several associations <strong>and</strong> 

intermediaries as well as the local municipalities. With the prospect of a future generation change of 

several tourism promoters <strong>and</strong> a probable restructuring of the tourism system ofFranconian 

Switzerl<strong>and</strong> including the pilot area, we estimate that these "soft" factors will be much more 

sustainable for the pilot area than a structural change. 

In the middle-long run <strong>and</strong> beyond, a more structural change will be the correct, necessary path, but 

for the time being it is not applicable. It can only be carried out step by step during the project's 

lifetime. 



284

PP9 - University of Natural Resources <strong>and</strong> Applied Life Sciences 

Vienna 

In the PP9 pilot regions it seems a priority to create new corporations which are able to overcome 

fragmentation <strong>and</strong> be recognised as a reliable partner, leader <strong>and</strong> point of reference of tourism 

governance. Within the LISTEN project actions, the coordination of the Task Force should be taken 

by the University of Natural Resources <strong>and</strong> Applied Life Sciences, Vienna (Acronym BOKU). The 

Regional Management of Burgenl<strong>and</strong> (DMO Burgenl<strong>and</strong>) will have the task of monitoring <strong>and</strong> 

validating the Task Force action. The contact of the Local Guide Group <strong>and</strong> the new cooperation of 

ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>is essential to implement the measures <strong>and</strong> ensure the acceptance of the project. 



285

3.6. Vital Village Association: the European network of 

green villages 

Figure 72 VVA Logo 

At a transnational level, it is necessary to focus on the role of the Vital Village Association, output of 

Wp5. The Association will be established in the form of a network among partner territories in order 

to develop <strong>and</strong> promote pilot areas. 

The mission of VVA will be to train partner territories on sustainable tourism principles, according to 

the approved model, to support the creation <strong>and</strong> development of Destination Management 

Organisations to facilitate the implementation of pilot projects. 

Pilot Projects will be the first chance to test governance assets <strong>and</strong> sustainability criteria. While 

marketing <strong>and</strong> promotion should be left under the responsibility of the local DMO, the association 

could become a centre of studies <strong>and</strong> certification on responsible <strong>and</strong> sustainable tourism in Europe. 

VVA could become a certified br<strong>and</strong>, which will be granted to those territories which follow the 

sustainable development path designed by the PP2 <strong>and</strong> PP9. Project partners will be the first 

beneficiaries, but, in the future, the br<strong>and</strong> VVA could be given to other European areas. VVA could 

then become the European network of green rural villages. 

VVA will be a no-profit association located in Trento. Its assembly will be made up of the project 

partners <strong>and</strong>, until December 31 st 2009, it will be made up of Steering Committee members, with its 

President being elected by the Assembly. The Association Assembly will establish an Executive 

Board <strong>and</strong> a Scientific Committee consisting of one or more delegates of the University of Trento <strong>and</strong> 

one or more delegates of the University of Wien; it could also be open to other scientific bodies 

whose aims are connected to the LISTEN project’s purposes, if accepted by both partners. 

The Association owns the br<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> logo VITAL VILLAGES which could be used by the partner 

territories <strong>and</strong> by other territories only after a declaration issued by the Scientific Committee. 

VVA is innovative because it certifies both processes <strong>and</strong> their output, i.e. the pilot projects, while 

usually certification schemes involve single activities or services. In this perspective, DMOs will be 

those institutions in charge of territorial governance <strong>and</strong> promotion of Vital Villages projects, both in 

the case in which they are created as output of LISTEN <strong>and</strong> in the case in which they are pre – 

existent. 

286

Tables Index 

Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of target territories...................................................................8 

Table 2 Characteristics of the area .......................................................................................................13 

Table 3 Characteristics of the area........................................................................................................14 

Table 4 Territory Characteristics..........................................................................................................15 

Table 5 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities ......................................16 

Table 6 Geographical characteristics of the Valle del Chiese municipalities.......................................17 

Table 7 Geographical profile of Valle del Chiese................................................................................18 

Table 8 Demographic characteristics of Valle del Chiese ....................................................................19 

Table 9 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities ...........................................20 

Table 10 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance, Valle del Chiese. Percentage of the whole population ........21 

Table 11 Population Structure by age. 2008.........................................................................................21 

Table 12 Percentage of commuters of the active population ................................................................22 

Table 13 Demographic Profile..............................................................................................................22 

Table 14 Domiciled population by sector of employment ...................................................................23 

Table 15 Unemployment rate...............................................................................................................24 

Table 16 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors.............................24 

Table 17 Local units: main business sectors ........................................................................................25 

Table 18 Valle del Chiese’s economic characteristics .........................................................................26 

Table 19 Division of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities.................................................................27 

Table 20 Altitude <strong>and</strong> surface of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities..............................................27 

Table 21 Woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> agriculture surface (in hectares)....................................................................28 

Table 22 Buildings in Valle dei Mòcheni ............................................................................................29 

Table 23 Reasons for failure to use buildings ......................................................................................29 

Table 24 Geographic characteristics ....................................................................................................29 

Table 25 The domiciled population ......................................................................................................30 

Table 26 Domiciled population’s percentage growth rate ....................................................................30 

287

Table 27 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities.....................................31 

Table 28 Natural <strong>and</strong> Migratory balance Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage of the whole population 

(1998-2008)...........................................................................................................................................31 

Table 29 The structure of the population by age. 2008.........................................................................32 

Table 30 Percentage of commuters in the active population ................................................................33 

Table 31 Area’s social <strong>and</strong> economic profile. Demographic characteristics ........................................33 

Table 32 Domiciled population by sector of employment....................................................................34 

Table 33 Unemployment rate................................................................................................................35 

Table 34 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors .............................35 

Table 35 Local units: Main business sectors ........................................................................................35 

Table 36 Farming companies <strong>and</strong> surface.............................................................................................36 

Table 37 Craft businesses in the Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities .....................................................36 

Table 38 Craft businesses divided according to types of workers ........................................................36 

Table 39 Cattle farming in Valle dei Mòcheni......................................................................................37 

Table 40 Farming of other animals in Valle dei Mòcheni ....................................................................37 

Table 41 Wealth produced by small fruits production..........................................................................38 

Table 42 Eeconomic characteristics of Valle dei Mòcheni area...........................................................39 

Table 43 Division of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities ........................................................................40 

Table 44 Altitude <strong>and</strong> surface of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities......................................................40 

Table 45 Woodl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> agriculture surface (in hectares)....................................................................41 

Table 46 Buildings in the Tesino-Vanoi area.......................................................................................41 

Table 47 Reasons for failure to use buildings ......................................................................................42 

Table 48 Geographical characteristics .................................................................................................42 

Table 49 The domiciled population......................................................................................................43 

Table 50 Domiciled population’s percentage growth rate ...................................................................43 

Table 51 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Tesino-Vanoi municipalities.............................................44 

Table 52 Population’s natural <strong>and</strong> migratory balance in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Percentage of the 

whole population (1998-2008)..............................................................................................................44 

Table 53 The structure of the population by age. Year 2008 ...............................................................45 

288

Table 54 Percentage of commuters in the active population................................................................47 

Tabele 55 Area’s social <strong>and</strong> economic profile. Demographic characteristics......................................47 

Table 56 Domiciled population by sector of employment ...................................................................48 

Table 57 Unemployment rate...............................................................................................................48 

Table 58 People employed in companies in the area, divided according to sectors.............................48 

Table 59 Local units: Main business sectors........................................................................................49 

Table 60 Economic characteristics of the Tesino-Vanoi area..............................................................50 

Table 61 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences from 1998 to 2008 in different types of accommodation ................51 

Table 62 The hotel structure by municipality. 2008 .............................................................................53 

Table 63 The average dimension of hotels. 2008 .................................................................................54 

Table 64 The non-hotel sector. 2008 ....................................................................................................54 

Table 65 The average capacity of non-hotel accommodation. 2008....................................................55 

Table 66 The rate regarding the use of the accommodation facilities. 2008 ........................................56 

Table 67 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in different types of accommodation in 2008...................................59 

Table 68 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in 2007 by municipality....................................................................60 

Table 69 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008..................................60 

Table 70 Hotel sector by municipality. Year 2007 ...............................................................................61 

Table 71 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2007...............................................................................61 

Table 72 Change in hotel structure, 1999-2007....................................................................................62 

Table 73 Non-hotel sector. Year 2007..................................................................................................62 

Table 74 Changes in the non-hotel sector, 1999-2007..........................................................................62 

Table 75 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2007 ............................................63 

Table 76 The touristic sector.................................................................................................................65 

Table 77 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences in different accommodation types in 2008 .......................................66 

Table 78 Arrivals <strong>and</strong> presences by municipality, year 2008 ...............................................................67 

Table 79 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008..................................68 

Table 80 Hotel structure by municipality, year 2008............................................................................68 

Table 81 Average dimension of hotels. Year 2008...............................................................................68 

289

Table 82 Change in hotel structure, 1998-2008....................................................................................69 

Table 83 Non-hotel sector. Year 2008..................................................................................................69 

Table 84 Changes in the non-hotel sector, 1997-2007..........................................................................70 

Table 85 Rate regarding the use of accommodation facilities, year 2008 ............................................70 

Table 86 The touristic sector................................................................................................................72 

Table 87 The natural touristic resources ..............................................................................................73 

Table 88 The cultural resources............................................................................................................74 

Table 89 Tourism resources “shows <strong>and</strong> events” .................................................................................75 

Table 90 SWOT anaylsis of the main resources ...................................................................................76 

Table 91 Natural touristic resources.....................................................................................................78 

Table 92 Cultural touristic resources....................................................................................................79 

Table 93 The touristic resources “events <strong>and</strong> festivals”.......................................................................80 

Table 94 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of the touristic resources .............................................................................82 

Table 95 Natural touristic resources.....................................................................................................83 

Table 96 Cultural tourism resources ....................................................................................................83 

Table 97 The “Events <strong>and</strong> festivals” touristic resources......................................................................84 

Table 98 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of the main touristic resources ....................................................................87 

Table 99 The elements of governance in Valle dei Mòcheni...............................................................94 

Table 100 Governance elements in the Tesino Vanoi area ..................................................................99 

Table 101 Characteristics of target territories (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) ..............107 

Table 102 Geographical characteristics (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>)........................107 

Table 103 Socio-economic profile (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) ...............................108 

Table 104 Tourism sector dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>).............109 

Table 105 Tourism Resource Database (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>)........................110 

Table 106 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) ...112 

Table 107 Analysis of governance system (České Švýcarsko / Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong>) ...................113 

Table 108 Characteristics of target territories (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>)........................................116 

Table 109 Characteristics of target territories (Dinosaur L<strong>and</strong>) .........................................................117 

290

Table 110 Characteristics of target territories (Nysa – Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong>) .........................................117 

Table 111 Characteristics of target territories (Euro Country) ...........................................................118 

Table 112 Geographical data (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) .................................................................119 

Table 113 Socio-economic data (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>).............................................................120 

Table 114 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) .......................................121 

Table 115 Geographical data (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>)................................................................................124 

Table 116 Socio-economic data (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>)............................................................................125 

Table 117 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) ......................................................126 

Table 118 Geographical data (Nysa - Glucholazy).............................................................................130 

Table 119 Socio-economic data (Nysa - Glucholazy) ........................................................................131 

Table 120 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Nysa - Glucholazy)...................................................132 

Table 121 Geographical data (Euro Country).....................................................................................135 

Table 122 Socio-economic data (Euro Country) ................................................................................136 

Table 123 Tourist sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Euro Country)...........................................................137 

Table 124 Tourism Resource Database- (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) ................................................141 

Table 125 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Kluczbork – Olesno L<strong>and</strong>).............................146 

Table 126 Tourism Resources Database (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>)...............................................................148 

Table 127 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>)............................................154 

Table 128 Tourism Resources Database (Nysa Glucholazy)..............................................................156 

Table 129 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Nysa Glucholazy)...........................................162 

Table 130 Tourism Resources Database (Euro Country) ...................................................................164 

Table 131 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Euro Country).................................................168 

Table 132 Local Action Groups: Stobrava river Valley <strong>and</strong> Upper Prosna (Kluczbork Olesno L<strong>and</strong>) 

............................................................................................................................................................169 

Table 133 Local Action Group Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> (Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong>) .................................................173 

Table 134 Local Action Groups: Nysa’s Principality of Lakes <strong>and</strong> Mountains <strong>and</strong> Common Sources 

(Nysa Glucholazy L<strong>and</strong>).....................................................................................................................174 

Table 135 Local Action Group Euro Country (Euro Country)...........................................................177 

Table 136 Characteristics of target territories (Usti Region)..............................................................178 

291

Table 137 Geographical characteristics (Usti Region) .......................................................................179 

Table 138 Socio-economic profile (Usti Region).............................................................................180 

Table 139 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (Usti Region)............................................................182 

Table 140 Tourism Resource Database (Usti Region)........................................................................184 

Table 141 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (Usti Region) ...................................................190 

Table 142 Analysis of governance system (Usti Region)...................................................................191 

Table 143 Characteristics of target territories (Cissaca Consortium) .................................................192 

Table 144 Geographical characteristics (Cissaca Consortium) ..........................................................193 

Table 145 Socio-economic profile (Cissaca Consortium) ..................................................................194 

Table 146 Tourism sector, supplì <strong>and</strong> dem<strong>and</strong> (Cissaca Consortium)................................................195 

Table 147 Tourism Resources Database (Cissaca Consortium) .........................................................196 

Table 148 Characteristics of target territories (part of Forchheim District) .......................................200 

Table 149 Geographical characteristics (part of Forchheim District).................................................201 

Table 150 Socio-economic profile (part of Forchheim District) ........................................................202 

Table 151 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (part of Forchheim District).....................................203 

Table 152 Tourism Resource Database (part of Forchheim District) .................................................204 

Table 153 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (part of Forchheim District).............................233 

Table 154 Analysis of governance system (part of Forchheim District) ............................................234 

Table 155 Characteristics of target territories (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>)........................................................236 

Table 156 Geographical characteristics (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) .................................................................238 

Table 157 Socio-economic profile (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>).........................................................................239 

Table 158 Tourism sector, dem<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> supply (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) .....................................................240 

Table 159 Tourism Resource Database (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>)..................................................................241 

Table 160 SWOT <strong>analysis</strong> of key tourism resources (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) .............................................243 

Table 161 Management effectiveness frameworks. Adapted from Cifuentes&Izurieta (1999); Courrau 

(1999); Ervin (2003b); Hockings & Dudley (2007); <strong>and</strong> Stolton et al. ..............................................272 

Table 162 Key steps, criteria <strong>and</strong> focus of evaluation. Adapted from Hockings et al. (2002). ..........274 

292

Figures Index 

Figure 1 The relationship between governance <strong>and</strong> tourism development 5 

Figure 2 Characteristic of corporate <strong>and</strong> community destination 7 

Figure 3 The Weaver model - destination possibilities 9 

Figure 4 The Weaver model - destination development scenarios 10 

Figure 5 The impact of tourism 11 

Figure 6 The carrying capacity in tourism 11 

Figure 7 The location of Valle del Chiese 13 

Figure 8 The location of Valle dei Mòcheni 14 

Figure 9 The location of Tesino-Vanoi 15 

Figure 10 Accessibility of Valle del Chiese 17 

Figure 11 Ca’ da Mont 18 

Figure 12 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of the Valle del Chiese municipalities. 1998 - 2008 20 

Figure 13 Accessibility to Valle dei Mòcheni 28 

Figure 14 Density (Inhabitants/km2) of Valle dei Mòcheni municipalities. 1998 - 2008 31 

Figure 15 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance of Valle dei Mòcheni. Percentage 32 

Figure 16 The structure of the population by age (1998-2008) 32 

Figure 17 Population Structure by age. 2008 33 

Figure 18 Accessibility to the Tesino-Vanoi area 41 

Figure 19 Density (Inhabitants/km²) of Tesino-Vanoi municipalities. 1998 - 2008 44 

Figure 20 Migratory <strong>and</strong> natural balance of the Tesino-Vanoi area of the whole population (1998- 

2008) 45 

Figure 21 The structure of the population by age (1998-2008) 46 

Figure 22 Population structure by age brackets (2008) 46 

Figure 23 Arrivals in Valle del Chiese. 1998-2008 51 

Figure 24 Presences in Valle del Chiese. 1998-2008 52 

Figure 25 <strong>and</strong> 26 Average stay duration according to accommodation type. 1998-2008 52 

Figure 27 The division of hotels by the number of stars 53 

Figure 28 The non-hotel sector structure by type 55 

293

Figure 29 Arrivals in Valle dei Mòcheni. 1998-2008 59 

Figure 30 Presences in Valle dei Mòcheni. 1998-2008 60 

Figure 31 Monthly presences in Valle dei Mòcheni in 2007 60 

Figure 32 Arrivals in the Tesino-Vanoi area. 1998-2008 66 

Figure 33 Presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area. 1998-2008 67 

Figure 34 Monthly presences in the Tesino-Vanoi area. Year 2008 67 

Figure 35 Existing resources census 85 

Figure 36 The logo of Valle del Chiese 88 

Figure 37 Valsugana Lagorai Terme Laghi br<strong>and</strong> 96 

Figure 38 San Martino di Castrozza - Passo Rolle - Primiero – Vanoi br<strong>and</strong> 96 

Figure 39 Vanoi br<strong>and</strong> 97 

Figure 40 Defined borders of the territory (Usti Region) 179 

Figure 41 Regional governance structure, actual situation (Masterplan ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 2009, adapted) 

(ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 244 

Figure 42 Stakeholder, local guide group participants <strong>and</strong> network structure <strong>and</strong> their relationship to 

the LISTEN project (ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong>) 245 

Figure 43 Governance <strong>and</strong> tourism development 246 

Figure 44 Stakeholder map of Valle deiMocheni 251 

Figure 45 Stakeholder map of TesinoVanoi 252 

Figure 46 Stakeholder map of Valle del Chiese 253 

Figure 47 Stakeholder map of JablaniškaDolina 254 

Figure 48 Stakeholder map of Dole priLitiji 1 

Figure 49 Stakeholder map of VelikaPlanina 1 

Figure 50 Stakeholder map of Bohemian Switzerl<strong>and</strong> 259 

Figure 51 Polish tourism system 261 

Figure 52 Municipalities <strong>and</strong> Local Action Groups 262 

Figure 53 From traditional approach to bottom up approach 262 

Figure 54 Stakeholder map of Dinosaur’s L<strong>and</strong> 263 

Figure 55 Stakeholder map of KluczborkOlesno L<strong>and</strong> 264 

294

Figure 56 Stakeholder map of Podkrušnohoří Pilot Area 265 

Figure 57 Stakeholder map of the area of CISSACA Consortium 265 

Figure 58 Stakeholder map of L<strong>and</strong>kreisForchheim Pilot Area 267 

Figure 59 Regional governance structure of ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 268 

Figure 60 Stakeholder mapof ökoEnergiel<strong>and</strong> 269 

Figure 61 Framework for assessing DMO effectiveness. 274 

Figure 62 A working framework for comprehensive ST assessment, planning <strong>and</strong> evaluation 275 

Figure 63 Governance model for LISTEN areas 278 

Figure 64 Governance model for LP 279 

Figure 65 Governance model for PP3 280 







Figure 72 VVA Logo 286 

295

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Research and analysis on sustainable tourism - Central Europe

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