Implementing food-based dietary guidelines for - United Nations ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

S12 J. C. King and C. Garza 15. West CE, Eilander A, van Lieshout M. Consequences of revised estimates of carotenoid bioefficacy for dietary control of vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. J Nutr 2002;132(9 suppl):2920S–6S. 16. World Health Organization. Measuring change in nutritional status: guidelines for assessing the nutritional impact of supplementary feeding programmes for vulnerable groups. Geneva: WHO, 1983. 17. World Health Organization. Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients for the control of micronutrient malnutrition. Geneva: WHO, 2006.
Introduction Janet C. King and Cutberto Garza The important roles of wholesome food supplies lead national governments or their designated agents to name expert groups periodically to derive and promulgate nutrient-based dietary standards, e.g., estimated average requirements, recommended intakes for individuals, and upper tolerable intake levels. Discrepancies often arise among diverse national efforts, in part because there is no global consensus regarding concepts and approaches for their derivation. These discrepancies create problems for health, trade, and other national authorities responsible for those sectors. The lack of a global consensus on the most appropriate concepts and approaches for the determination of national standards makes it difficult to resolve differences that arise in setting national and international nutrition standards and public and clinical health objectives, designing national and international food policies, and enhancing the transparency of national standards to trade and other regulatory and normative activities with economic, health, and safety implications. Resolution of these differences is most problematic for developing countries that often have to sift through disparate recommendations without the needed infrastructures to make decisions. Project objective To address these discrepancies in dietary standards worldwide that lead to international discrepancies in health, food policies, and trade, a working group The authors are co-chairs of the Working Group on International Harmonization of Approaches for Developing Nutrient-Based Dietary Standards. Janet C. King is affiliated with the Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute and the University of California at Berkeley and Davis, California, USA. Cutberto Garza is affiliated with Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Please direct queries to the corresponding author: Janet C. King, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA; e-mail: jking@chori.org. was convened to harmonize concepts and approaches (as opposed to deriving specific recommendations) for developing nutrient-based dietary standards. A major outcome of this effort is an improvement in the transparency of methods used to derive nutrient-based dietary standards and how to apply them to various functions. Approach The United Nations University (UNU) Food and Nutrition Programme in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Nutrition Department for Health and Development commissioned 10 papers from leaders in establishing and applying nutrient intake recommendations. Each paper focused on distinct aspects of the process for developing harmonized nutrient-based dietary standards. A brief description of the papers follows. King et al. [1] review the terminology used by various countries and regions for defining dietary standards. A general framework for establishing nutrient intake values is proposed and the rationale for the proposed framework is discussed. Aggett [2] reviews the approaches for identifying upper nutrient levels and proposes a framework for defining upper nutrient levels. Yates [3] reviews the possible approaches for identifying physiological criteria for establishing dietary standards (i.e., determining what physiological functions requirements will satisfy). Important components of this paper are how to estimate the numbers of subjects needed to estimate function-specific nutrient requirements and interindividual variation, how to identify the basis for that variation, and the assessment of approaches for identifying the physiological states or ages for which data are required. Murphy and Vorster [4] review the specific methologic approaches to plan and assess intakes for individuals and populations. The advantages of basing dietary Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 28, no. 1 (supplement) © 2007, The United Nations University. S13
Page 1 and 2: Contents International harmonizatio
Page 3 and 4: Executive summary Harmonization of
Page 5 and 6: Executive summary [11]. These are l
Page 7 and 8: Executive summary and converted to
Page 9 and 10: Executive summary very rapidly and
Page 11: Executive summary References Concep
Page 15 and 16: Introduction References 1. King JC,
Page 17 and 18: Terminology and framework for nutri
Page 27 and 28: Nutrient risk assessment: Setting u
Page 29 and 30: Setting upper levels for nutrient r
Page 39 and 40: Establishing nutrient intake values
Page 51 and 52: Methods for using nutrient intake v
Page 53 and 54: Using nutrient intake values to ass
Page 61 and 62: Determining life-stage groups and e
Page 63 and 64:
Life-stage groups and nutrient inta
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
The role of diet- and host-related
Page 79 and 80:
Diet- and host-related factors in n
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Human nutrition and genetic variati
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Application of nutrient intake valu
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Trade, development, and regulatory
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Beyond recommendations: Implementin
Page 143 and 144:
Dietary guidelines and nutrient int
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153:
International Dietary Harmonization
show all

Implementing food-based dietary guidelines for - United Nations ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?