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During 1965, 2.4 billion pounds of food, with a CCC value of $175 million, were donated under this authority, This brought to $2,908 million the CCC cost of corn- modities donated under this authority since the beginning of the program. From their own resources, the voluntary agencies are maintaining staffs of 800 U.S. citizens overseas as field representatives and employ 6,700 local personnel. Last year the services of these organizations reached 63 million people. The commodities donated and their costs are listed in tables XXXII and XXXIII. General Explanation of Operations Foreign donation programs are operated (1) by foreign recipient governments under bilateral agreements with the United States (title II); (2) on a multilateral basis by such governments through the World Food Programi (WFP) (title II); and, (3) under the direction of U.S. registered voluntary agencies such as CARE, Catholic Relief Services, and Church World Service (title II or III). Close collaboration is carried out with foreign governments, U.S. registered voluntary agencies, and international organizations such as FAO, United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), and the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). The U.S. Government provides commodities such as wheat, flour, bulgur, corn, cornmeal, nonfat dry milk, and vegetable oil and pays the costs of ocean transportation or, in the case of landlocked countries, transportation to the point of entry. The recipient government pays for the costs of handling, warehousing, internal transportation, preparation, and serving (where appropriate). It also often provides equipment and contributes funds for the purchase of other foods, ftiel, and processing. It pays the salaries of local administrators, cooks, teachers, and other personnel. The U.S. voluntary agencies supervise or assist in the supervision of the program, train local personnel, anl( contribute funds for the purchase of eqipliment, supplemental foods, and other necessary supplies. Such contributions are made possible by cash contributions to the voluntary agencies from citizens of the United States and other countries. The Agency for International Development (AID) is responsible for overall supervision of Food for Peace operations under titles I and III to assure effective use of food resources in recipient countries. In each of the countries or territories in which title II or III prograins are conducted, an All) Food for Peace officer or a member of the U.S. All) mission or the U.S. diplomatic mission provides direct supervision of operations. In addition AID auditors from Washington and mission comptroller staffs periodically audit title II and II I prograis to determine that programs are being operated in accordance with agreements, 'S. Government regulations, and accepted practicvs. 'olmntary agency staffs and foreign government persomiml also make periodic observations and checks of the pot!ramns. In practice, the "cooperating sponsor" (foreign government, international organization, or U.S. r-gistered volintary agency) develops a programi and submits a request for the necessary food, based on uttilization criteria. The U.S. Government representative reviews and evaluates the request and subimits it to Washington with a reconimmendation. Following! analysis in All) \Vashin g ton, the prograi is reviewed by au Int'ragencv Staff Commiittoe (ISC) consistinq of m'mciil ers of various interested U.S. Goverm eint agenicles. l'ollowing approval of a program, the commodities are Imiade available to the 'cooperating sponsor." Program Highlights in 1965 A number of significant trends in the use of donated food were accelerated during the past year-. There was at further swing away firom chronic relief and toward self-help and conmunity and econolmic d(evelo)pmiieit activitims. Effiorts were coltiu'd to haive' local governilicmits asstuli grelater reSjionsililit lr eii(tlictint )roqlills. Emlergencv mlicf procedilors wewe Iurther stmamilined to provide prompt adid tiii ely responses to rquests for assistance. l')ogra is reatchin g children r ceiv'd increased attentiom, and ne(w stress was laid on the qoal of combatingimalnutrition, particularly in pre-school children. 95
Above: L.S. voluntary agencies are involved increasingly in supporting self-help actiiti s abroad. CARE, working with the Iranian Government, supervises the distribution of P.L. 480 commodities on this food for work road construction project in southern Iran. Plans call for the completion of 1,200 kilometers of roads, employing over 3,000 workers daily on a rotation basis. Below: U.S. Army helicoptersioin in bringing emergency food supplies to isolated typhoon victims on Taiwan. More than 10 million disaster ictims, in 37 countries, received Foodfor Peace relief in 1965usually within hours after disaster struck. 96 .. -. ', A;, *In I Self-Help Activities Self-help projects supported by donations of U.S. farm commodities are becoming an increasingly important force in economic development. In 1965, 53 new foodfor-work projects were undertaken under title II, bringing to 179 the number of such economic and community development cfforts in operation in 65 countries. In extending Public Law 480 in 1964, Congress directed that assistance through voluntary agencies under the title III foreign donation program "shall, insofar as practicable, be directed toward community and other self-help activities designed to alleviate the cause of the need for such assistance." response to this mandate, the voluntary agencies have accelerated the trend away froin chronic relief to self-help activities on the part of needy people. By the end of tile year, alhnost a million people were benefiting from activities such as construction of schools and roads, reclamation of tidal lands, erection of flood embanknients, well digging, vocational training, water develop ment, vll d i t ation a l traning l a tr de welop mert, village sanitation, and clearing land for new agricultural settlements. Foreign Government Responsibilities Foreign governments have assumed increasingly greater responsibility for supervising and financing the COSTS of programs involving Food for Peace commodities. For example, agreement was reached this year for the Government of Korea to assume responsibility for the supervision of work projects and a school lunch program initiated and supervised for a number of years by private voluntary agencies. The Korean Governmient has more than doubled the amount of funds budgeted for this purpose. Disaster Relief Food assistance to disaster victimns is provided by voluntary agencies under title Ill and in direct governnient-to-government programis under title II. Assistance is normally provided within hours after disaster strikes. Voluntary agencies on-the-scene can initiate immediate food distribution. Government programs are
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owl. ------------ FOOD FOR PEACE 19
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This is a world problem. The stakes
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THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT
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6 CON TENTS-Continued Purchase of g
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AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT AND
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SUMMARY AND HIGHLIGHTS Increasing n
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TABLE I.-Authorizations: Titles I a
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A A " 9 I -4C tf
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ecipient governments can apply to e
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TABLE Ill.-Major commodity exports
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TITLE I SALES FOR FOREIGN CURRENCY
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100 80 Shipments-by Commodity S..-W
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600 400- The Relationship MILLIONS
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the Act (country uses) are availabl
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TABLE VII.-Status of foreign curren
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Status and Uses of Foreign Currency
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U.S. strawberriesscore a hit in Eur
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A British housewife samples America
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Utilization Research Awards of gran
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date, and ao budget requests have b
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Cooley loans of localcurrencies -.
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U.S. Information Agency Programs Si
Page 46 and 47: "Electricity in the Home, on the I'
Page 48 and 49: To assist in correcting inadequacie
Page 50 and 51: TABLE XV.-Loans for economic develo
Page 52 and 53: TABLE XV.-Programs administered by
Page 54 and 55: vided international travel for Amer
Page 56 and 57: During the reporting period the equ
Page 58 and 59: hybrid material resistant to diseas
Page 60 and 61: esearch, to conduct or attend semin
Page 62 and 63: translation of educational material
Page 64 and 65: India. Activities include the prepa
Page 66 and 67: (5-324 0 ----- In 1965for the first
Page 68 and 69: TABLE XXVI.-U.S. Government buildin
Page 70 and 71: Israel ($18,0OO).-New York Universi
Page 72 and 73: FOREIGN DONATIONS PROGRAMS American
Page 74 and 75: Dike construction in Korea. Self-he
Page 76 and 77: (A I El Salvador-Earthquake relief.
Page 78 and 79: - Voluntary organization works prog
Page 80 and 81: 'a Hog & feed grain production-Chej
Page 82 and 83: British Guiana-School feeding, mate
Page 84 and 85: World Food Program The World Food P
Page 86 and 87: Cambodia-Employing 3,000 workers --
Page 88 and 89: 00 Indonesia-Rehabilitation after v
Page 90 and 91: Sudan-Afforestation-Bahr El Ghazal
Page 92 and 93: Zambia-Training and maintenance of
Page 94 and 95: FOREIGN DONATIONS PROGRAMS These em
Page 98 and 99: normally approved by a prompt cable
Page 100 and 101: A ,A These Chilean students are amo
Page 102 and 103: At a refugee camp inSouth Vietnam,
Page 104 and 105: to 18.9 million in the previous yea
Page 106 and 107: BARTER OPERATIONS emergency stockpi
Page 108 and 109: TABLE XXXV.-Value of materials, equ
Page 110 and 111: TITLE IV LONG-TERM DOLLAR CREDIT SA
Page 112 and 113: a solid food and agriculture base f
Page 114 and 115: Countries buying commodities fff ti
Page 116 and 117: 116 TITLE II.-FOREIGN DONATIONS Pur
Page 118 and 119: Summary of 1965 Amendments Affectin
Page 120 and 121: TABLE 2.-Public Law 480 exports, qu
Page 122 and 123: .. TABLE 4.-Dollar value of commodi
Page 124 and 125: TABLE 4.-Dollar value of commoditie
Page 126 and 127: TABLE 5.-Dollar value of commoditie
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Page 130 and 131: TABLE 7.-Approximate quantities of
Page 132 and 133: TABLE 8.-Approximate quantities of
Page 134 and 135: oBarley. C ri . Total..............
Page 136 and 137: TABLE 10.--Uses of foreign currency
Page 138 and 139: TABLE 11.-Uses of foreign currency
Page 140 and 141: TABLE 13.-Status of foreign currenc
Page 142 and 143: TABLE 15.-Title I, Public Law 480,
Page 144 and 145: TABLE 16.-Title II, Public Law 480,
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TABLE 16.-Title II, Public Law 480,
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TABLE 24.-Title III, Public Law 480
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Area and country TABLE 24.-Title II
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TABLE 25.-Title III, value of mater
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TABLE 26.-Title 1l1,materials, equi
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TABLE 26.-Title III, materials, equ
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TABLE 27.-Title III, value of agric
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TABLE 29.-Dollar value of commoditi
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TABLE 32.-Approximate quantities of
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TABLE 3 3.-Approximate quantities o
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TABLE 3 4 .- Approximate quantities
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TABLE 36.-Title IV, Public Law 480,
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