Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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8 ’The Anatomy of the Parathyroid Glands in the Horse Shape, sixe, and weight. The shape of the upper parathyroid was usually ellipsoidal; the long diameter averaged about 6 mm. in a medium-sized adult horse. Parathyroids in close contact with the thyroid were flattened and sometimes elongated with a beanshaped appearance. The relative weights, i. e., mg. of parathyroid per kg. of body weight, are given in Chart 1 (for analysis, see Appendix, Table I). The range in relative weight was great from horse to horse. The regression coefficient for parathyroid weights as a function of age was negative, but the decrease in weight with age was not significant. There were no relative weight differences between the sexes. Other macroscopic characteristics. The surface was coarsely or finely lobulated, seldom smooth. The color was light grayish brown. The cut surface was finely lobulated, slightly moist, and light grayish brown in color; sometimes it presented grossly visible cysts, which in rare instances reached a diameter of 10 mm. Lower Paratbroids Topograpb. The location of the lower parathyroids is summarized in Fig. 2. Glands located at the bifurcation of the truncus bicaroticus were all from young horses. The glands were located at the anterior pole of the thymus or were actually embedded in the thymus. Glands scattered along the trachea were often, almost as a rule, associated with a cystic thymus rudiment. Shape and sixe. The shape was usually ellipsoidal; the long diameter averaged 8 to 9 mm. in a medium-sized horse. Irregularly shaped glands occurred (Fig. 3). The lower glands were on the average twice as large as the upper ones (Fig. 4). Other macroscopic characteristics of the two pairs were identical. 3. The Microscopic Anatomy of the Equine Parathyroid Glands a) Review of the Literature SANDSTR~M (1880) described briefly the histology of the equine parathyroid. He emphasized the fine lobulation of the gland in this species with epithelial cells irregularly packed together in acinuslike configuration. This is in contrast to the arrangement of the epithelial cells in anastomosing cords in most other mammalian species. The epithelial cells of equine parathyroids were, like those of the bovine, “somewhat larger than in man and have more protoplasm perhaps containing fine fat drops.” Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010
The Microscopic Anatomy of the Equine Parathyroid Glands 9 Thy roi d gland .Bicarotid trunk Fig. 2. Topography of lower parathyroid glands; summary of 10 cases. Filled circles united with line indicate pair of parathyroid glaiids in one horse. Unfillcd circle from case in which only one gland was found. Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010
Page 1 and 2: Pathologia Veterinaria Online http:
Page 3 and 4: Supplementum ad Vol. 1 (1964) Patho
Page 5 and 6: V . Experimental Nritritional Secon
Page 7 and 8: Introduction and Object of Investig
Page 9 and 10: I. The Anatomy of the Parathyroid G
Page 11 and 12: Comparative Aspects of the Embryolo
Page 13: The Aracroscopic Anatomy of the Equ
Page 17 and 18: 'I'hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of the E
Page 19 and 20: ’The I\licroscopic Anatomy of the
Page 21 and 22: 10 . 9 . a . 7 0 + 6 . 5 . 0 ’I
Page 23 and 24: ‘The hl icroscopic Anatomy of the
Page 25 and 26: ’I’hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of t
Page 27 and 28: ‘I’lic ihlrcroscopic Anatomy of
Page 29 and 30: ‘I’hc Alicroscopic Anatomy of t
Page 31 and 32: Discussion 25 7bbic 1 .. Avcragc si
Page 33 and 34: Discussion 27 Table VZZ. Nuclear si
Page 35 and 36: 11. Nutritional Secondary Hyperpara
Page 37 and 38: The Nature of the Osteopathy 31 Fig
Page 39 and 40: ’The Nature of the Osteopathy 33
Page 41 and 42: Etiology 35 Experiments and clinica
Page 43 and 44: Clinical Pathology 37 Table X. Seru
Page 45 and 46: 111. Experimental Nutritional Secon
Page 47 and 48: Ration 41 Table XI/. Calcium and ph
Page 49 and 50: Necrops y 43 6. Necropsy The animal
Page 51 and 52: Clinical Observations 45 During wee
Page 53 and 54: Clinico-pathologic Determinations 4
Page 55 and 56: 90. *. 90. 90. 70. / . Clinico-path
Page 57 and 58: (:linico-pathologic Determinations
Page 59 and 60: Rocntgencilogic Observations 53 Fie
Page 61 and 62: lioentgcnologic Ohscrvntions 55 I,'
Page 63 and 64: Pathologic Anatomy 57 7bb/e XIS. Si
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Pathologic Anatomy 59 fhb/c. A’X.
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Pathologic Anatoiny Downloaded from
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Pathologic Anatomy 67 Downloaded fr
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Pathologic Anatomy 69 Fiq. 37. Cont
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V. Experimental Nutritional Seconda
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Scruin Phosphorus, Calciiiiii, and
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Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
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Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
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The Parathyroid Glands 79 should be
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The Skeleton 81 5. The Skeleton The
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The Skeleton 83 ary hyperparathyroi
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Summary and Conclusions The thesis
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Siimmary and Conclusions 87 Rocntgc
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References 89 COILIP, J. B.: 'I'hc
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Refereiices 91 ~~CILAN, F. C. and U
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Appendix Tables and Statistical Ana
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Tables and Statistical Analyses 95
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’Tablcs and Statistical Analyscs
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Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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