Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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84 Expcrirncntal Nutritional Secondary 1-Iyperparalhyroidism in the I-lorse . larities thus occur, giving the articular surface a worm-eaten appearance. Such joint lesions did not occur in our experiment, and the morphologic background for the lameness is therefore different. As described above and as shown in Figs. 38 and 40, resorption of the outer circumferential lainella of cortical bone was an outstanding feature. The periosteum had thereby lost its osseous support and yielded to stretches from muscles and tendons attached in the area in question. This seems to be themost logicalexplanation for the lameness in our horses. In the gross description of the disease VAKNELL wrote in 1860: "The periosteal covering of all the flat and irregular, and some parts of the long bones, was very vascular, and codd easib be slripped off" (Italics ours). Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010
Summary and Conclusions The thesis consists of two parts, viz., a description of the iiormal anatomy of the equine parathyroid glands and an investigation of experimental iiutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism iti the horse. The first part serves as a basis for the interpretation of the changes in the parathyroid glands in iiutritintially induced Iiyl'e'l.'arathyroidisin ill horses. Part I. The Anatomy of the Equine Parathyroid 'l'hc material consisted of 46 horses of both sexes and of ages varyitig from 0 to 24 years. Only horses destroyed or dead from noiiosscous and nonrenal disease were considered. 'The following conclusions were drawn : 1. 'The horse has two pairs of parathyroid glands, viz., an upper and a lower pair. 'l'he upper glands are located along the thyroid artery on thc antcrodorso- lateral aspect of the thyroid, usually not in immediate contact with it. The lowcr parathyroids arc located in the subcervical area on the ventral aspect of the trachca. 'The location may vary from below the bifurcation of the hicarotid trunk to the upper third of the trachca. The lowcr parathyroids are about twice as large as the upper ones. 2. The light chief cells predominate in the histologic picture. Water-clear cells occur at any age and may be fairly coninion. Dark chief cells are rclativcly rare, and osyphil cells are very infrequent, occurring only in old horses. Stainable fat may be present ill the cytoplasm of light chief cells, but it is never abuiidaiit and decreases with age. 'I'he nucleus of the varinus cell types is the same size as in man but the cytoplasm is considerably larger. 3. 'There is no morphologic evidence for increased or decreascd parathyroid function with regard to sex and age. 4. Embryonic rudiments of the parathyroid-thymus union arc of vcry frequent occurrence in the equine parathyroid. 'l'hey consist of epithelium on the external surface of the parathyroid capsule, of KURSTEINI~R'S canals and cysts at the hilus and within the gland, and of thymus remnants. Ectopic thyroid tissue also occurs within the parathyroid. Any combination of these rudiments may be found in one gland. Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010
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Pathologia Veterinaria Online http:
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Supplementum ad Vol. 1 (1964) Patho
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V . Experimental Nritritional Secon
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Introduction and Object of Investig
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I. The Anatomy of the Parathyroid G
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Comparative Aspects of the Embryolo
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The Aracroscopic Anatomy of the Equ
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The Microscopic Anatomy of the Equi
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'I'hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of the E
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’The I\licroscopic Anatomy of the
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10 . 9 . a . 7 0 + 6 . 5 . 0 ’I
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‘The hl icroscopic Anatomy of the
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’I’hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of t
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‘I’lic ihlrcroscopic Anatomy of
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‘I’hc Alicroscopic Anatomy of t
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Discussion 25 7bbic 1 .. Avcragc si
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Discussion 27 Table VZZ. Nuclear si
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11. Nutritional Secondary Hyperpara
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The Nature of the Osteopathy 31 Fig
Page 39 and 40: ’The Nature of the Osteopathy 33
Page 41 and 42: Etiology 35 Experiments and clinica
Page 43 and 44: Clinical Pathology 37 Table X. Seru
Page 45 and 46: 111. Experimental Nutritional Secon
Page 47 and 48: Ration 41 Table XI/. Calcium and ph
Page 49 and 50: Necrops y 43 6. Necropsy The animal
Page 51 and 52: Clinical Observations 45 During wee
Page 53 and 54: Clinico-pathologic Determinations 4
Page 55 and 56: 90. *. 90. 90. 70. / . Clinico-path
Page 57 and 58: (:linico-pathologic Determinations
Page 59 and 60: Rocntgencilogic Observations 53 Fie
Page 61 and 62: lioentgcnologic Ohscrvntions 55 I,'
Page 63 and 64: Pathologic Anatomy 57 7bb/e XIS. Si
Page 65 and 66: Pathologic Anatomy 59 fhb/c. A’X.
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Page 71 and 72: Pathologic Anatoiny Downloaded from
Page 73 and 74: Pathologic Anatomy 67 Downloaded fr
Page 75 and 76: Pathologic Anatomy 69 Fiq. 37. Cont
Page 77 and 78: V. Experimental Nutritional Seconda
Page 79 and 80: Scruin Phosphorus, Calciiiiii, and
Page 81 and 82: Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
Page 83 and 84: Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
Page 85 and 86: The Parathyroid Glands 79 should be
Page 87 and 88: The Skeleton 81 5. The Skeleton The
Page 89: The Skeleton 83 ary hyperparathyroi
Page 93 and 94: Siimmary and Conclusions 87 Rocntgc
Page 95 and 96: References 89 COILIP, J. B.: 'I'hc
Page 97 and 98: Refereiices 91 ~~CILAN, F. C. and U
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Tables and Statistical Ana
Page 101 and 102: Tables and Statistical Analyses 95
Page 103 and 104: ’Tablcs and Statistical Analyscs
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Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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