Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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IV. Experimental Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse: Results 1. Clinical Observations A. Weight Gains All four colts made normal weight gains during the 41 weeks of the experiment (Table XVI). Horse NSH 3 was thin at the start but made up for this by gaining faster than the other three colts. The control animal was on a borderline nutritional level as judged by recommended levels (Table XIV). His comparatively low weight gains are evidence of this. He refused to eat more than 3.64 kg. of hay and 1.82 kg. of grain per day. Expected growth for horses with mature weight of 364 kg. is 0.32 kg. a day [Natl. Acad. Sci. (1961)l. B. Clinical Symptoms During week 0 through week I2 nothing abnormal was noted in the NSH horses. They were bright, active, and playful, Because of the large amounts of bran and sodium phosphate fed, the feces were soft. They were, however, formed and not liquid in consistency. Appetites were good and remained so throughout the 41-week experiment. During week 13 throzgb week 24 NSH 1 and NSH 3 showed no change. NSH 2 developed an insidious shifting lameness accompanied by muscular stiffness and shortened stride. Table XVI. Weight gains in experimental nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in horses Horse Initial Final Average gain weight, kg. weight, kg. kg./day NSH 1 195 NSH 2* 205 NSH 3 148 Control 183 300 299 280 270 * Final 14 days when NSH 2 could not rise are not included. Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010 0.37 0.35 0.46 0.30
Clinical Observations 45 During week 13 NSH 2 was observed dragging his left forefoot as the leg was moved forward. In addition, there was a hint of decrcased hock flexion while trotting. The lameness improved until 10 days later, when after exercise he came in lame on the left foreleg. Within a week, however, he was moving soundly and remained so until week 16. During week 15 hc slipped on a small patch of ice in the paddock and fell on his left side. No immcdiate 111 effects werc noted. Early in week 16 he became very lamc in his left rear leg. The limb was slightly pronated. When standing, the horse rested the leg most of the time. When moving he tended to carry the left hip higher than the right. The lameness improved somewhat. However, the colt looked incoordinated as well as lame. He would often walk with his right rear leg moving in the same path as his left front leg (“two track”). As he moved there was a rolling motion in his shoulders. His stride was shortened in all four legs. He wore his toes down. His heels grew long and his fetlocks became less angular. Trimming his feet helped correct the straight fetlocks. The other male colts began to mistreat him during play. In spite of his weight advantage he was too lame to protect himself, so he just rail away from them. Because of this he and NSH 3 were exercised in separate paddocks after week 16. Swelling of the mandible lateral to the cheek teeth was evident in NSH 2 from week 16 on. Between week 16 and week 24 only a slight increase in the size of the mandible was noted. Percussion of the frontal and maxillary sinuses showed a progressive lack of density. At week 24 they sounded like cardboard in comparison with those of the control colt. The time of the appearance and the degree of severity of the clinical symptoms are summarized in Table XVII. During week 25 tbroigh tveek 36 the symptoms progressed in NSH 2. NSH 3 developed symptoms similar to those shown by NSH 2 during the preceding 12-week period. Both NSH 2 and NSH 3 began to have difficulties in rising. NSH 1 showed only vague symptoms of lameness. NSH 1 was the leader of the colts. When they were separated into two paddocks, he remained the leader of the control colt until week 28. At that time the control colt began to chase NSH 1 at will. NSH 1 was more muscular and had a considerable weight advantage but had difficulty making sharp turns. He became Table XVII. Clinical symptoms in experimental nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in horses Enlargement of Percussion Lameness Mandible Maxilla of sinuses Front Rear NSH horse no. 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Week 6 11 16 21 25 30 34 39 - no symptoms; * mild symptoms; ** moderate symptoms; *** severe symptoms, Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by guest on April 14, 2010
Page 1 and 2: Pathologia Veterinaria Online http:
Page 3 and 4: Supplementum ad Vol. 1 (1964) Patho
Page 5 and 6: V . Experimental Nritritional Secon
Page 7 and 8: Introduction and Object of Investig
Page 9 and 10: I. The Anatomy of the Parathyroid G
Page 11 and 12: Comparative Aspects of the Embryolo
Page 13 and 14: The Aracroscopic Anatomy of the Equ
Page 15 and 16: The Microscopic Anatomy of the Equi
Page 17 and 18: 'I'hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of the E
Page 19 and 20: ’The I\licroscopic Anatomy of the
Page 21 and 22: 10 . 9 . a . 7 0 + 6 . 5 . 0 ’I
Page 23 and 24: ‘The hl icroscopic Anatomy of the
Page 25 and 26: ’I’hc hlicroscopic Anatomy of t
Page 27 and 28: ‘I’lic ihlrcroscopic Anatomy of
Page 29 and 30: ‘I’hc Alicroscopic Anatomy of t
Page 31 and 32: Discussion 25 7bbic 1 .. Avcragc si
Page 33 and 34: Discussion 27 Table VZZ. Nuclear si
Page 35 and 36: 11. Nutritional Secondary Hyperpara
Page 37 and 38: The Nature of the Osteopathy 31 Fig
Page 39 and 40: ’The Nature of the Osteopathy 33
Page 41 and 42: Etiology 35 Experiments and clinica
Page 43 and 44: Clinical Pathology 37 Table X. Seru
Page 45 and 46: 111. Experimental Nutritional Secon
Page 47 and 48: Ration 41 Table XI/. Calcium and ph
Page 49: Necrops y 43 6. Necropsy The animal
Page 53 and 54: Clinico-pathologic Determinations 4
Page 55 and 56: 90. *. 90. 90. 70. / . Clinico-path
Page 57 and 58: (:linico-pathologic Determinations
Page 59 and 60: Rocntgencilogic Observations 53 Fie
Page 61 and 62: lioentgcnologic Ohscrvntions 55 I,'
Page 63 and 64: Pathologic Anatomy 57 7bb/e XIS. Si
Page 65 and 66: Pathologic Anatomy 59 fhb/c. A’X.
Page 67 and 68: Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by
Page 69 and 70: Downloaded from vet.sagepub.com by
Page 71 and 72: Pathologic Anatoiny Downloaded from
Page 73 and 74: Pathologic Anatomy 67 Downloaded fr
Page 75 and 76: Pathologic Anatomy 69 Fiq. 37. Cont
Page 77 and 78: V. Experimental Nutritional Seconda
Page 79 and 80: Scruin Phosphorus, Calciiiiii, and
Page 81 and 82: Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
Page 83 and 84: Serum Phosphorus, Calcium, and Alka
Page 85 and 86: The Parathyroid Glands 79 should be
Page 87 and 88: The Skeleton 81 5. The Skeleton The
Page 89 and 90: The Skeleton 83 ary hyperparathyroi
Page 91 and 92: Summary and Conclusions The thesis
Page 93 and 94: Siimmary and Conclusions 87 Rocntgc
Page 95 and 96: References 89 COILIP, J. B.: 'I'hc
Page 97 and 98: Refereiices 91 ~~CILAN, F. C. and U
Page 99 and 100: Appendix Tables and Statistical Ana
Page 101 and 102:
Tables and Statistical Analyses 95
Page 103 and 104:
’Tablcs and Statistical Analyscs
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Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

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