Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse

42 Experimental Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in the Horse. . .
4. Clinico-pathologic Determinations
A 50-cc. sample of blood was taken from either jugular vein prior
to the afternoon feeding 1 day a week. Calcium, phosphorus, and
alkaline phosphatase levels in the serum were measured. The calcium
level was determined according to the method of KRAMER and TISDALL
(1921) as modified by CLARK and COLLIP (1925); the phosphorus
according to FISKE and SUBBAROW (1925), and the phosphatase by the
method of BESSEY et al. (1946).
5. Roentgenologic Examination
Intravitul examinations. Radiographs were takenat2-week intervals.
To control motion the animals were tranquilized (by 200 mg. of
promazine HC1 intravenously) and placed on an operating table in
right lateral recumbency. A lateral view of the face was taken, including
all tissues rostral to the fourth premolar. A lateral view of the
metatarsus was also taken. A lack of uniformity in the technique and
an excessive amount of tissue made lateral views of the face difficult to
interpret. At week 26 and every 2 weeks thereafter a ventrodorsal
view of the mandible was taken by placing a nonscreen film envelope
in the animal's mouth. Because of a minimum of soft tissue and no
superimposition of bones, these views of the rostral end of the
mandible were superior to views of the entire face.
Roentgenographic examination of post-mortem specimens. At necropsy
the soft tissue was removed from the bones and radographs were
made prior to fixation for sectioning. The radiographs were as follows :
a) Lateral view of a median longitudinal section, approximately
1 cm. thick, from all bones of both right limbs;
b) Proximodistal view of a transverse section, approximately
1 cm. thick, from the proximal, middle, and distal part of the diaphysis
of all bones of both left limbs;
c) Lateral view of each half of the head split midsagitally;
d) Anteroposterior view of a transverse section of the maxilla,
approximately 1 cm. thick, at the level of the second molar;
e) Ventrodorsal view of the rostral third of the mandible;
f) Lateral view of each half of the mandible split through the
symphysis ;
g) Anteroposterior and lateral views of right ribs 3 and 10.
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