color pdf

More documents

Recommendations

Info

BIMM118 Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Peptic Ulcer Disease Imbalance between defenses and aggressive factors • Defensive factors: Prevent the stomach and duodenum from self-digestion – Mucus: continually secreted, protective effect – Bicarbonate: secreted from endothelial cells – Blood flow: good blood flow maintains mucosal integrity – Prostaglandins: stimulate secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, promote blood flow, suppress secretion of gastric acid • Aggressive factors: – Helicobacter pylori: gram negative bacteria, can live in stomach and duodenum, may breakdown mucus layer => inflammatory response to presence of the bacteria also produces urease – forms CO 2 and ammonia which are toxic to mucosa – Gastric Acid: needs to be present for ulcer to form => activates pepsin and injures mucosa – Decreased blood flow: causes decrease in mucus production and bicarbonate synthesis, promote gastric acid secretion – NSAIDS: inhibit the production of prostaglandins – Smoking: nicotine stimulates gastric acid production
BIMM118 Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Peptic Ulcer Disease (~25 mill. Americans will have an ulcer in their life) Most common cause (> 85%): Helicobacter pylorii (not stress or hot sauce!) Treatment options: • Antibiotics • Antisecretory agents • Mucosal protectants • Antisecretory agents that enhance mucosal defenses • Antacids
Page 1 and 2:
BIMM118 “One of the features whic
Page 3 and 4:
BIMM118 Definitions • Prophylacti
Page 5 and 6:
BIMM118 History of Pharmacology •
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
BIMM118 New Drug Discovery • Synt
Page 13 and 14:
BIMM118 New Drug Discovery • Extr
Page 15 and 16:
BIMM118 Orphan Drugs • Drugs for
Page 17 and 18:
BIMM118 Drug Approval Historically,
Page 19 and 20:
BIMM118 • Safety Drug Approval -
Page 21 and 22:
BIMM118 Drug Efficacy • Efficacy
Page 23 and 24:
BIMM118 Drug Efficacy - Dietary Sup
Page 25 and 26:
BIMM118 Preclinical Studies • Pha
Page 27 and 28:
BIMM118 • Toxicological effects P
Page 29 and 30:
BIMM118 • Acute Toxicity Toxicity
Page 31 and 32:
BIMM118 • Animal Studies: Toxicit
Page 33 and 34:
BIMM118 Phase I Studies • Studies
Page 35 and 36:
BIMM118 Phase II Studies • Pharma
Page 37 and 38:
BIMM118 Phase III Studies • Rando
Page 39 and 40:
BIMM118 Phase IV studies: • Postm
Page 41 and 42:
BIMM118 The Four Cornerstones of Ph
Page 43 and 44:
BIMM118 Oral Drug Administration
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
BIMM118 Percutaneous Drug Administr
Page 51 and 52:
BIMM118 Percutaneous Drug Administr
Page 53 and 54:
BIMM118 Other Topical Drug Administ
Page 55 and 56:
BIMM118 • Advantages: - 100% “A
Page 57 and 58:
BIMM118 Drug Distribution • To be
Page 59 and 60:
BIMM118 • Membrane Permeation: -
Page 61 and 62:
BIMM118 Drug Distribution Bioavaila
Page 63 and 64:
BIMM118 Drug Distribution Volume of
Page 65 and 66:
BIMM118 Clearance (CL) [ml/min]: Dr
Page 67 and 68:
BIMM118 Drug Distribution Dosage Re
Page 69 and 70:
BIMM118 Drug Distribution • Drug
Page 71 and 72:
BIMM118 BLOOD LEVEL TOXIC LEVELS Ma
Page 73 and 74:
BIMM118 • Therapeutic Index: Ther
Page 75 and 76:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism • Most me
Page 77 and 78:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism
Page 79 and 80:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Oxidation
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
BIMM118 • Drug oxidation requires
Page 85 and 86:
BIMM118 Epoxidation: Dealkylation:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
BIMM118 Azo-reduction: Nitro-reduct
Page 91 and 92:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Phase I
Page 93 and 94:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Glucuroni
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
BIMM118 Acetylation: Drug Metabolis
Page 101 and 102:
BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Phase I &
Page 103 and 104:
BIMM118 Antagonists: Drug Action: R
Page 105 and 106:
BIMM118 Drug Targets
Page 107 and 108:
BIMM118 Drug Targets: Receptors Res
Page 109 and 110:
BIMM118 Receptors • Rapidly actin
Page 111 and 112:
BIMM118 Calcium as Second Messenger
Page 113 and 114:
BIMM118 Three types: Type L N T Cal
Page 115 and 116:
BIMM118 Removal of Ca ++ : • Ca +
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
BIMM118 G-Protein-coupled Receptors
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
BIMM118 Cyclic Nucleotides - PKA al
Page 131 and 132:
BIMM118 Phosphodiesterases: Cyclic
Page 133 and 134:
BIMM118 Regulation of Receptors •
Page 135 and 136:
BIMM118 Receptor Down-Regulation
Page 137 and 138:
BIMM118 • Examples: Nuclear Recep
Page 139 and 140:
BIMM118 Phospholipids, Phosphoinosi
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
BIMM118 • Prostaglandins: Arachid
Page 147 and 148:
BIMM118 • Leukotrienes: Arachidon
Page 149 and 150:
BIMM118 Growth Factor Receptors •
Page 151 and 152:
BIMM118 Signaling through Adapter p
Page 153 and 154:
BIMM118 • “Classical” hormone
Page 155 and 156:
BIMM118 Cytokine Receptors • Curr
Page 157 and 158:
BIMM118 Ser/Thr-kinase Receptors Tr
Page 159 and 160:
BIMM118 NFκB - originally identifi
Page 161 and 162:
BIMM118 Autonomic Nervous System
Page 163 and 164:
BIMM118 Transmitters: • Acetylcho
Page 165 and 166:
BIMM118 Cholinergic receptors: •
Page 167 and 168:
BIMM118 Cholinergic System - Agonis
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
BIMM118 Cholinergic System - Antago
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
BIMM118 Autonomic Nervous System
Page 183 and 184:
BIMM118 Transmitters: • Acetylcho
Page 185 and 186:
BIMM118 Adrenergic receptors: • a
Page 187 and 188:
BIMM118 Sympathomimetics Adrenergic
Page 189 and 190:
BIMM118 Sympathomimetics Non-select
Page 191 and 192:
BIMM118 Sympathomimetics α 1 - sel
Page 193 and 194:
BIMM118 β 1 - receptors • Mostly
Page 195 and 196:
BIMM118 Sympathomimetics β 2 - sel
Page 197 and 198:
BIMM118 Sympatholytics α 2 - selec
Page 199 and 200:
BIMM118 Sympatholytics β - selecti
Page 201 and 202:
BIMM118 β-Sympatholytics Epinephri
Page 203 and 204: BIMM118 Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Page 209 and 210: BIMM118 Potential drug targets: Ant
Page 211 and 212: BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs:Vaso
Page 213 and 214: BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: Vas
Page 215 and 216: BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: RAA
Page 217 and 218: BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: RAA
Page 219 and 220: BIMM118 • Nitroglycerin - Organic
Page 221 and 222: BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Cardiac Arrhyt
Page 223 and 224: BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Cardiac Arrhyt
Page 225 and 226: BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Other antiarrh
Page 227 and 228: BIMM118 Congestive Heart Failure Cl
Page 229 and 230: BIMM118 Cardiac Glycosides: Congest
Page 231 and 232: BIMM118 Cardiac Glycosides: Congest
Page 233 and 234: BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Diuretic
Page 235 and 236: BIMM118 Functions Renal Pharmacolog
Page 237 and 238: BIMM118 Diuretics: • Increase out
Page 239 and 240: BIMM118 Diuretics: Renal Pharmacolo
Page 241 and 242: BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Major si
Page 243 and 244: BIMM118 Diuretics: Osmotic diuretic
Page 245 and 246: BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Uric aci
Page 247 and 248: BIMM118 Gastrointestinal Pharmacolo
Page 249 and 250: BIMM118 Antacids: Gastrointestinal
Page 251 and 252: BIMM118 Antacids: Gastrointestinal
Page 253: BIMM118 Gastrointestinal Pharmacolo
Page 267 and 268: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Pancreas:
Page 269 and 270: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus
Page 271 and 272: BIMM118 Diabetis mellitus: Diabetes
Page 273 and 274: BIMM118 Insulin: Diabetes mellitus
Page 275 and 276: BIMM118 Insulin: • Insulin Glargi
Page 277 and 278: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Oral hypo
Page 279 and 280: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Oral hypo
Page 281 and 282: BIMM118 Novel concepts (cont’d):
Page 283 and 284: BIMM118 Artherosclerosis: Hyperlipi
Page 285 and 286: BIMM118 Artherosclerosis: Hyperlipi
Page 287 and 288: BIMM118 Cholesterol: - 60-70% (=100
Page 289 and 290: BIMM118 Lipid-lowering drugs: Hyper
Page 291 and 292: BIMM118 Lipid-lowering drugs: Hyper
Page 293 and 294: BIMM118 Hyperlipidemia
Page 295 and 296: BIMM118 Adrenal gland: • Medulla:
Page 297 and 298: BIMM118 Adrenocortical Hormones Ste
Page 299 and 300: BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): Adren
Page 301 and 302: BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): • H
Page 303 and 304: BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): • T
Page 305 and 306:
BIMM118 Steroid-based Drugs • Sex
Page 307 and 308:
BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Female rep
Page 309 and 310:
BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Female rep
Page 311 and 312:
BIMM118 Sex Steroids Estrogens - Es
Page 313 and 314:
BIMM118 Anti-Estrogens • Tamoxife
Page 315 and 316:
BIMM118 Progesterons Sex Steroids T
Page 317 and 318:
BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Male repro
Page 319 and 320:
BIMM118 Androgens Sex Steroids •
Page 321 and 322:
BIMM118 Anabolic Androgens • Dehy
Page 323 and 324:
BIMM118 GnRH analogs/modifiers Sex
Page 325 and 326:
BIMM118 Oral Contraceptives Sex Ste
Page 327 and 328:
BIMM118 Contraceptives Sex Steroids
Page 329 and 330:
BIMM118 Drugs against Allergies •
Page 331 and 332:
BIMM118 Allergy - Symptoms
Page 333 and 334:
BIMM118 Allergy - Food • Allergic
Page 335 and 336:
BIMM118 Latex has cross-reactive ep
Page 337 and 338:
BIMM118 Allergy - Drugs Predominant
Page 339 and 340:
BIMM118 Allergy - Mediators
Page 341 and 342:
BIMM118 Allergy - Histamine Histami
Page 343 and 344:
BIMM118 Allergy - Drugs Targeting H
Page 345 and 346:
BIMM118 H1-Antagonists (“Antihist
Page 347 and 348:
BIMM118 H1-Antagonists (“Antihist
Page 349 and 350:
BIMM118 Mast Cell Stabilizers • C
Page 351 and 352:
BIMM118 Allergy - Leukotrienes Cys-
Page 353 and 354:
BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS •
Page 355 and 356:
BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS Glu
Page 357 and 358:
BIMM118 Dopamine • Inhibitory ami
Page 359 and 360:
BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS Sit
Page 361 and 362:
BIMM118 Hypnotics / Anxiolytics Bar
Page 363 and 364:
BIMM118 Hypnotics / Anxiolytics Ben
Page 365 and 366:
BIMM118 Antidepressants Clinical De
Page 367 and 368:
BIMM118 Tricyclic antidepressants:
Page 369 and 370:
BIMM118 Schizophrenia Endogenous ps
Page 371 and 372:
BIMM118 Classical neuroleptics: Adv
Page 373 and 374:
BIMM118 Pathology: Parkinson’s Di
Page 375 and 376:
BIMM118 Dopamine replacement: Parki
Page 377 and 378:
BIMM118 Pathology: Epilepsy - Group
Page 379 and 380:
BIMM118 Treatment strategies: Inhib
Page 381 and 382:
BIMM118 Ethanol Most widely consume
Page 383 and 384:
BIMM118 Treatment strategies: • D
Page 385 and 386:
BIMM118 General Anesthetics State o
Page 387 and 388:
BIMM118 General Anesthetics Inhalat
Page 389 and 390:
BIMM118 General Anesthetics Intrave
Page 391 and 392:
BIMM118 Opioid Analgesics Opiates:
Page 393 and 394:
BIMM118 Opiates: Mechanism of analg
Page 395 and 396:
BIMM118 Codeine (3-methoxy-morphine
Page 397 and 398:
BIMM118 Meperidine (Pethidine): - A
Page 399 and 400:
BIMM118 Mode of action: Local Anest
Page 401 and 402:
BIMM118 Classification: Local Anest
Page 403 and 404:
BIMM118 Clinical use and Administra
Page 405 and 406:
BIMM118 NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-I
Page 407 and 408:
BIMM118 NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-I
Page 409 and 410:
BIMM118 Chemotherapeutic Agents •
Page 411 and 412:
BIMM118 Antibiotics • Resistance:
Page 413 and 414:
BIMM118 Classification: • Cell wa
Page 415 and 416:
BIMM118 Antibiotics - Cell wall syn
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
BIMM118 Antibiotics - Protein synth
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
BIMM118 Sulfonamides Antibiotics -
Page 435 and 436:
BIMM118 Quinolones Antibiotics - Qu
Page 437 and 438:
BIMM118 Antibiotics - Summary
Page 439 and 440:
BIMM118 Fungal Growth Patterns •
Page 441 and 442:
BIMM118 Fungal Habitats • Most cl
Page 443 and 444:
BIMM118 Superficial Mycoses • Tin
Page 445 and 446:
BIMM118 • Tinea corporis Cutaneou
Page 447 and 448:
BIMM118 • Sporotrichosis Subcutan
Page 449 and 450:
BIMM118 Systemic Mycosis • Histop
Page 451 and 452:
BIMM118 Opportunistic Mycosis - Som
Page 453 and 454:
BIMM118 Opportunistic Mycosis • C
Page 455 and 456:
BIMM118 Differences between fungi a
Page 457 and 458:
BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Polyenes
Page 459 and 460:
BIMM118 Imidazoles • Clotrimazole
Page 461 and 462:
BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Azoles T
Page 463 and 464:
BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Antimeta
Page 465 and 466:
BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Allylami
show all

color pdf

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?