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BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): • Prednisone – Inactive until converted to • Prednisolone Adrenocortical Hormones – Drug of choice for systemic application – Lower sodium-retaining effects O Prednisolone HO CH 3 O CH 3 OH OH O Prednisone O CH 3 O CH 3 OH OH
BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): • Triamcinoline Adrenocortical Hormones – Stronger anti-inflammatory (5x) than cortisol – No sodium-retaining effect Halogenated GC • Betamethasone • Dexamethasone – 30x more potent than cortisol – No water and sodium retaining effects O O O HO CH 3 HO HO CH 3 F CH 3 F O CH 3 O CH 3 O CH 3 OH O O OH OH OH CH 3 OH CH 3
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BIMM118 “One of the features whic
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BIMM118 Definitions • Prophylacti
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BIMM118 History of Pharmacology •
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BIMM118 New Drug Discovery • Synt
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BIMM118 New Drug Discovery • Extr
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BIMM118 Orphan Drugs • Drugs for
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BIMM118 Drug Approval Historically,
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BIMM118 • Safety Drug Approval -
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BIMM118 Drug Efficacy • Efficacy
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BIMM118 Drug Efficacy - Dietary Sup
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BIMM118 Preclinical Studies • Pha
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BIMM118 • Toxicological effects P
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BIMM118 • Acute Toxicity Toxicity
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BIMM118 • Animal Studies: Toxicit
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BIMM118 Phase I Studies • Studies
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BIMM118 Phase II Studies • Pharma
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BIMM118 Phase III Studies • Rando
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BIMM118 Phase IV studies: • Postm
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BIMM118 The Four Cornerstones of Ph
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BIMM118 Oral Drug Administration
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BIMM118 Percutaneous Drug Administr
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BIMM118 Percutaneous Drug Administr
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BIMM118 Other Topical Drug Administ
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BIMM118 • Advantages: - 100% “A
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BIMM118 Drug Distribution • To be
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BIMM118 • Membrane Permeation: -
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BIMM118 Drug Distribution Bioavaila
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BIMM118 Drug Distribution Volume of
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BIMM118 Clearance (CL) [ml/min]: Dr
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BIMM118 Drug Distribution Dosage Re
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BIMM118 Drug Distribution • Drug
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BIMM118 BLOOD LEVEL TOXIC LEVELS Ma
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BIMM118 • Therapeutic Index: Ther
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism • Most me
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Oxidation
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BIMM118 • Drug oxidation requires
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BIMM118 Epoxidation: Dealkylation:
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BIMM118 Azo-reduction: Nitro-reduct
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Phase I
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Glucuroni
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BIMM118 Acetylation: Drug Metabolis
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BIMM118 Drug Metabolism - Phase I &
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BIMM118 Antagonists: Drug Action: R
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BIMM118 Drug Targets
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BIMM118 Drug Targets: Receptors Res
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BIMM118 Receptors • Rapidly actin
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BIMM118 Calcium as Second Messenger
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BIMM118 Three types: Type L N T Cal
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BIMM118 Removal of Ca ++ : • Ca +
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BIMM118 G-Protein-coupled Receptors
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BIMM118 Cyclic Nucleotides - PKA al
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BIMM118 Phosphodiesterases: Cyclic
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BIMM118 Regulation of Receptors •
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BIMM118 Receptor Down-Regulation
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BIMM118 • Examples: Nuclear Recep
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BIMM118 Phospholipids, Phosphoinosi
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BIMM118 • Prostaglandins: Arachid
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BIMM118 • Leukotrienes: Arachidon
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BIMM118 Growth Factor Receptors •
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BIMM118 Signaling through Adapter p
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BIMM118 • “Classical” hormone
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BIMM118 Cytokine Receptors • Curr
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BIMM118 Ser/Thr-kinase Receptors Tr
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BIMM118 NFκB - originally identifi
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BIMM118 Autonomic Nervous System
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BIMM118 Transmitters: • Acetylcho
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BIMM118 Cholinergic receptors: •
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BIMM118 Cholinergic System - Agonis
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BIMM118 Cholinergic System - Antago
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BIMM118 Autonomic Nervous System
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BIMM118 Transmitters: • Acetylcho
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BIMM118 Adrenergic receptors: • a
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BIMM118 Sympathomimetics Adrenergic
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BIMM118 Sympathomimetics Non-select
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BIMM118 Sympathomimetics α 1 - sel
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BIMM118 β 1 - receptors • Mostly
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BIMM118 Sympathomimetics β 2 - sel
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BIMM118 Sympatholytics α 2 - selec
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BIMM118 Sympatholytics β - selecti
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BIMM118 β-Sympatholytics Epinephri
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BIMM118 Cardiovascular Pharmacology
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BIMM118 Potential drug targets: Ant
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BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs:Vaso
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BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: Vas
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BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: RAA
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BIMM118 Antihypertensive Drugs: RAA
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BIMM118 • Nitroglycerin - Organic
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BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Cardiac Arrhyt
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BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Cardiac Arrhyt
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BIMM118 Arrhythmias: Other antiarrh
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BIMM118 Congestive Heart Failure Cl
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BIMM118 Cardiac Glycosides: Congest
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BIMM118 Cardiac Glycosides: Congest
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BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Diuretic
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BIMM118 Functions Renal Pharmacolog
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BIMM118 Diuretics: • Increase out
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BIMM118 Diuretics: Renal Pharmacolo
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BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Major si
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BIMM118 Diuretics: Osmotic diuretic
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BIMM118 Renal Pharmacology Uric aci
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BIMM118 Gastrointestinal Pharmacolo
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BIMM118 Antacids: Gastrointestinal
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Page 267 and 268: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Pancreas:
Page 269 and 270: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus
Page 271 and 272: BIMM118 Diabetis mellitus: Diabetes
Page 273 and 274: BIMM118 Insulin: Diabetes mellitus
Page 275 and 276: BIMM118 Insulin: • Insulin Glargi
Page 277 and 278: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Oral hypo
Page 279 and 280: BIMM118 Diabetes mellitus Oral hypo
Page 281 and 282: BIMM118 Novel concepts (cont’d):
Page 283 and 284: BIMM118 Artherosclerosis: Hyperlipi
Page 285 and 286: BIMM118 Artherosclerosis: Hyperlipi
Page 287 and 288: BIMM118 Cholesterol: - 60-70% (=100
Page 289 and 290: BIMM118 Lipid-lowering drugs: Hyper
Page 291 and 292: BIMM118 Lipid-lowering drugs: Hyper
Page 293 and 294: BIMM118 Hyperlipidemia
Page 295 and 296: BIMM118 Adrenal gland: • Medulla:
Page 297 and 298: BIMM118 Adrenocortical Hormones Ste
Page 299 and 300: BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): Adren
Page 301: BIMM118 Glucocorticoids (GC): • H
Page 305 and 306: BIMM118 Steroid-based Drugs • Sex
Page 307 and 308: BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Female rep
Page 309 and 310: BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Female rep
Page 311 and 312: BIMM118 Sex Steroids Estrogens - Es
Page 313 and 314: BIMM118 Anti-Estrogens • Tamoxife
Page 315 and 316: BIMM118 Progesterons Sex Steroids T
Page 317 and 318: BIMM118 Sex Steroids • Male repro
Page 319 and 320: BIMM118 Androgens Sex Steroids •
Page 321 and 322: BIMM118 Anabolic Androgens • Dehy
Page 323 and 324: BIMM118 GnRH analogs/modifiers Sex
Page 325 and 326: BIMM118 Oral Contraceptives Sex Ste
Page 327 and 328: BIMM118 Contraceptives Sex Steroids
Page 329 and 330: BIMM118 Drugs against Allergies •
Page 331 and 332: BIMM118 Allergy - Symptoms
Page 333 and 334: BIMM118 Allergy - Food • Allergic
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Page 337 and 338: BIMM118 Allergy - Drugs Predominant
Page 339 and 340: BIMM118 Allergy - Mediators
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BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS •
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BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS Glu
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BIMM118 Dopamine • Inhibitory ami
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BIMM118 Drugs Targeting the CNS Sit
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BIMM118 Hypnotics / Anxiolytics Bar
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BIMM118 Hypnotics / Anxiolytics Ben
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BIMM118 Antidepressants Clinical De
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BIMM118 Tricyclic antidepressants:
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BIMM118 Schizophrenia Endogenous ps
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BIMM118 Classical neuroleptics: Adv
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BIMM118 Pathology: Parkinson’s Di
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BIMM118 Dopamine replacement: Parki
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BIMM118 Pathology: Epilepsy - Group
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BIMM118 Treatment strategies: Inhib
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BIMM118 Ethanol Most widely consume
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BIMM118 Treatment strategies: • D
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BIMM118 General Anesthetics State o
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BIMM118 General Anesthetics Inhalat
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BIMM118 General Anesthetics Intrave
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BIMM118 Opioid Analgesics Opiates:
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BIMM118 Opiates: Mechanism of analg
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BIMM118 Codeine (3-methoxy-morphine
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BIMM118 Meperidine (Pethidine): - A
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BIMM118 Mode of action: Local Anest
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BIMM118 Classification: Local Anest
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BIMM118 Clinical use and Administra
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BIMM118 NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-I
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BIMM118 NSAIDs Non-Steroidal Anti-I
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BIMM118 Chemotherapeutic Agents •
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BIMM118 Antibiotics • Resistance:
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BIMM118 Classification: • Cell wa
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BIMM118 Antibiotics - Cell wall syn
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BIMM118 Antibiotics - Protein synth
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BIMM118 Sulfonamides Antibiotics -
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BIMM118 Quinolones Antibiotics - Qu
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BIMM118 Antibiotics - Summary
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BIMM118 Fungal Growth Patterns •
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BIMM118 Fungal Habitats • Most cl
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BIMM118 Superficial Mycoses • Tin
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BIMM118 • Tinea corporis Cutaneou
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BIMM118 • Sporotrichosis Subcutan
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BIMM118 Systemic Mycosis • Histop
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BIMM118 Opportunistic Mycosis - Som
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BIMM118 Opportunistic Mycosis • C
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BIMM118 Differences between fungi a
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BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Polyenes
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BIMM118 Imidazoles • Clotrimazole
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BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Azoles T
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BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Antimeta
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BIMM118 Antifungal Drugs - Allylami
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