Staying Healthy in Child Care - National Health and Medical ...

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Preventing Illness Infections are common in children and often lead to illness. At home, children are reasonably well protected from infectious diseases because they don’t come in contact with many people. The adults they meet are generally immune to many childhood illnesses because they had them as children. Because of this immunity, adults cannot transmit those infections to children. When children spend time in child care or other facilities and are exposed to a large number of children for some time, infectious diseases spread. It is not possible to prevent the spread of all infections and illnesses within centres. However, a lot of illnesses from infectious disease can be prevented. You can reduce illness. There is good evidence that the infection control methods that are recommended in this section reduce illness in children in care. The methods initially seem to be time consuming, but they quickly become part of acceptable daily routine. 1 Draft for Public Consultation
How infections spread There are four steps to the spread of infections 1. The person with the infection spreads the germ into their environment. 2. The germ must survive in the appropriate environment e.g. air, food, water, on objects and surfaces. 3. The germ is then passed to another person. 4. The next person becomes infected. 1. The person who has the infection This child or adult may or may not show any signs of illness. They may be infectious before they become unwell, during their illness, after they have recovered, or without any signs of illness at all. For example, in cases of diarrhoea due to Giardia, children and staff who no longer have diarrhoea may still have infectious Giardia in their bowel motions. For this reason, the infection control process must always be followed by all people in the child care centre. 2. The germ must survive in the environment Infectious illnesses may be due to viruses, bacteria, protozoa or fungi. All of these organisms are too small to see with the naked eye. These germs can survive on hands and objects, for example toys, door handles and bench tops. The length of time a germ may survive on a surface depends on the germ itself, the type of surface it has contaminated and how often the surface is cleaned. Washing with detergent and water is a very effective way of removing germs. 3. The germ is then passed to another person Germs can be transmitted in a number of ways, including through the air by droplets; through contact with faeces and then contact with mouths; through direct contact with skin; and through contact with other body secretions (such as urine, saliva, discharges or blood). Airborne droplets from nose and throat Some infections are spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs out tiny airborne droplets. The droplets in the air may be breathed in directly by another person, or indirectly enter another person through contact with surfaces and hands with the droplets on them 1 . Examples… • Chickenpox • Mumps • Common cold • Streptococcal sore throat • Diphtheria • Heamophilus influenzae type b (Hib) • Influenza • Measles • Whooping cough (Pertussis) • Tuberculosis • Pneumococcal disease • Rubella 2 Draft for Public Consultation
Page 1 and 2: Staying Healthy in Child Care Preve
Page 3: Salmonella……………………
Page 7 and 8: Blood Some infections are spread wh
Page 9 and 10: • Encourage parents to tell you w
Page 11 and 12: Sample report form for parent/docto
Page 13 and 14: Responsibilities of parents • Com
Page 15 and 16: Exclusion of sick children and staf
Page 17 and 18: for 24 hours Campylobacter Exclude
Page 19 and 20: Norovirus swelling goes down (which
Page 21 and 22: Hand washing Infections can be spre
Page 23 and 24: Cover your cough and stop the sprea
Page 25 and 26: the paper and do not reach the tabl
Page 27 and 28: Cleaning the centre Washing germs a
Page 29 and 30: Wear gloves when handling soiled li
Page 31 and 32: Dealing with spills of blood, faece
Page 33 and 34: Sandpits Sandpits can be great fun.
Page 35 and 36: Immunisation Childhood vaccination
Page 37 and 38: antibiotic (neomycin). Reactions to
Page 39 and 40: Meningococcal C immunisation A sing
Page 41 and 42: Vaccine Key Hepatitis B Hepatitis B
Page 43 and 44: Mumps - contagious virus spread by
Page 45 and 46: Parent Advice Sheet Commonly observ
Page 47 and 48: 23vPPV 23-valent pneumococcal polys
Page 49 and 50: • Keep a non-mercury thermometer
Page 51 and 52: Occupational Health and Safety for
Page 53 and 54: Erythema infectiosum, also called p
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Part 2 Respiratory complaints Asthm
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Bronchiolitis Description Bronchiol
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Bronchitis Description Many childre
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Common cold Description The common
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Croup Description Croup is caused b
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Ear infections (otitis) Description
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Influenza Description Influenza is
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Pneumococcal disease Description Pn
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Runny noses (with green or yellow d
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Responsibilities of the parents Kee
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Treatment People with TB require an
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Controlling the spread of infection
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Controlling the spread of infection
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Make sure that effective hand washi
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with infectious diarrhoea should no
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Giardiasis Description Giardiasis i
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Norovirus Description Norovirus is
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Rotavirus Description Rotavirus is
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Salmonellosis Description Salmonell
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Shigellosis Description Shigellosis
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Worms: Pinworms Description There a
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Worms: Roundworm, hookworm and tape
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Chickenpox (varicella) Description
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Cold sores (herpes simplex) Descrip
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Parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosu
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Head lice (Pediculosis capitis) Des
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7. Comb each section twice until yo
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Measles Description Measles is a hi
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Molluscum contagiosum Description A
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Responsibilities of parents Observe
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Rubella (german measles) Descriptio
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Scabies and other mites causing ski
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Scarlet fever Description Scarlet f
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Thrush (candida) Description Thrush
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Treatment Warts will usually go awa
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Responsibilities of child care prov
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• not kissing infants on the mout
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Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
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Hepatitis A Description Hepatitis A
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Hepatitis B Description Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C Description Hepatitis C
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HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus),
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Meningococcal infection Description
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Mumps Description Mumps is an infec
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Viral Meningitis Description Viral
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the invading organisms. Immunoglobu
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Useful Web Sites (Taken from Health
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References 1 You’ve got what? 200
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38 Parenting and Child Health - Cro
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79 You’ve got what? 2004. Fifth d
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118 You’ve Got What? Meningococca
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