Staying Healthy in Child Care - National Health and Medical ...

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Part 4 Skin complaints General notes on rashes Rashes are common in children. They can be caused by many different viral infections and may not be infectious. It is important to be able to describe the rash as this may help with diagnosis. Some features to notice with rashes are: Illness Does the child look unwell? The rash may not affect the child’s well-being at all. Fever Take the child’s temperature with a thermometer. Appearance What colour is the rash? (Is it dark red like a blood blister? Red? Pink?) What does the rash look like? • small, red, pin-heads • fine and lacy • large red blotches • solid red area all joined together • blisters How does the rash feel to the touch? • raised slightly, with small lumps • swollen Is the rash itchy? Where on the body did the rash start (for example, head, neck)? Where is the rash now (for example, head, neck, abdomen, arms, legs)? 95 Draft for Public Consultation
Chickenpox (varicella) Description Chickenpox is a viral illness that comes on suddenly and is highly contagious. The chickenpox virus is also called varicella virus. Chickenpox usually starts with one spot, but more quickly appear, with fever, headache, runny nose, a cough and feeling very tired. The rash starts on the chest and back and spreads to the face, scalp, arms and legs. The rash can develop all over the body, inside the ears, on the eyelids, inside the nose and within the vagina, everywhere. The rash continues to spread for three or four days. It is usually very itchy. Within a few hours after each spot appears, a blister forms. It may appear full of yellow fluid. After a day or so, the fluid turns cloudy. These spots are easily broken and form a scab. The spots heal at different stages, some faster than others, so it is possible the child may have the rash in several stages at once. Some children appear to ‘breeze’ through chickenpox with just a few spots. Others have a terrible time with hundred of itchy spots. In families with several children, outbreaks can last for weeks, because of the relatively long incubation period. It is spread by coughing and contact with the fluid from the blisters. One infection gives long-lasting immunity. People rarely get chickenpox twice. Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by the same virus. It is an eruption in someone who has previously had chickenpox. Direct contact with the moist shingles rash can cause chickenpox in a person who has not already had it. Incubation period The average incubation period is 14 to 15 days, but may range from 10 to 21 days 68 . Infectious period From two days before the rash appears (that is, during the coughing, runny nose stage) and until all blisters have formed scales or crusts. Exclusion period Exclude until all blisters have dried. This is usually at least 5 days after the rash first appeared in unimmunised children and less in immunised children 69 . Responsibilities of child care providers/staff Report the infection to the director. Remind parents that aspirin should not be given. (See below in treatment - Reye’s syndrome). Pregnant women should be advised to avoid contact with chickenpox. Vaccination for chickenpox during pregnancy is not recommended and pregnancy should be avoided for one month following chickenpox vaccination 70 . If pregnant staff members are concerned, refer them to their doctor. Responsibilities of the parents Keep the child home until all blisters have dried. This is usually at least 5 days after the rash first appeared in unimmunised children and less in immunised children. 71 96 Draft for Public Consultation
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Staying Healthy in Child Care Preve
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Salmonella……………………
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How infections spread There are fou
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Blood Some infections are spread wh
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• Encourage parents to tell you w
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Sample report form for parent/docto
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Responsibilities of parents • Com
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Exclusion of sick children and staf
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for 24 hours Campylobacter Exclude
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Norovirus swelling goes down (which
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Hand washing Infections can be spre
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Cover your cough and stop the sprea
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the paper and do not reach the tabl
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Cleaning the centre Washing germs a
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Wear gloves when handling soiled li
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Dealing with spills of blood, faece
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Sandpits Sandpits can be great fun.
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Immunisation Childhood vaccination
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antibiotic (neomycin). Reactions to
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Meningococcal C immunisation A sing
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Vaccine Key Hepatitis B Hepatitis B
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Mumps - contagious virus spread by
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Parent Advice Sheet Commonly observ
Page 47 and 48: 23vPPV 23-valent pneumococcal polys
Page 49 and 50: • Keep a non-mercury thermometer
Page 51 and 52: Occupational Health and Safety for
Page 53 and 54: Erythema infectiosum, also called p
Page 55 and 56: Part 2 Respiratory complaints Asthm
Page 57 and 58: Bronchiolitis Description Bronchiol
Page 59 and 60: Bronchitis Description Many childre
Page 61 and 62: Common cold Description The common
Page 63 and 64: Croup Description Croup is caused b
Page 65 and 66: Ear infections (otitis) Description
Page 67 and 68: Influenza Description Influenza is
Page 69 and 70: Pneumococcal disease Description Pn
Page 71 and 72: Runny noses (with green or yellow d
Page 73 and 74: Responsibilities of the parents Kee
Page 75 and 76: Treatment People with TB require an
Page 77 and 78: Controlling the spread of infection
Page 79 and 80: Controlling the spread of infection
Page 81 and 82: Make sure that effective hand washi
Page 83 and 84: with infectious diarrhoea should no
Page 85 and 86: Giardiasis Description Giardiasis i
Page 87 and 88: Norovirus Description Norovirus is
Page 89 and 90: Rotavirus Description Rotavirus is
Page 91 and 92: Salmonellosis Description Salmonell
Page 93 and 94: Shigellosis Description Shigellosis
Page 95 and 96: Worms: Pinworms Description There a
Page 97: Worms: Roundworm, hookworm and tape
Page 101 and 102: Cold sores (herpes simplex) Descrip
Page 103 and 104: Parvovirus B19 (Erythema infectiosu
Page 105 and 106: Head lice (Pediculosis capitis) Des
Page 107 and 108: 7. Comb each section twice until yo
Page 109 and 110: Measles Description Measles is a hi
Page 111 and 112: Molluscum contagiosum Description A
Page 113 and 114: Responsibilities of parents Observe
Page 115 and 116: Rubella (german measles) Descriptio
Page 117 and 118: Scabies and other mites causing ski
Page 119 and 120: Scarlet fever Description Scarlet f
Page 121 and 122: Thrush (candida) Description Thrush
Page 123 and 124: Treatment Warts will usually go awa
Page 125 and 126: Responsibilities of child care prov
Page 127 and 128: • not kissing infants on the mout
Page 129 and 130: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
Page 131 and 132: Hepatitis A Description Hepatitis A
Page 133 and 134: Hepatitis B Description Hepatitis B
Page 135 and 136: Hepatitis C Description Hepatitis C
Page 137 and 138: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus),
Page 139 and 140: Meningococcal infection Description
Page 141 and 142: Mumps Description Mumps is an infec
Page 143 and 144: Viral Meningitis Description Viral
Page 145 and 146: the invading organisms. Immunoglobu
Page 147 and 148: Useful Web Sites (Taken from Health
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References 1 You’ve got what? 200
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38 Parenting and Child Health - Cro
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79 You’ve got what? 2004. Fifth d
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118 You’ve Got What? Meningococca
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