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Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition 1860 AMERICAN PIPE THREADS PIPE AND HOSE THREADS The types of threads used on pipe and pipe fittings may be classed according to their intended use: 1) threads that when assembled with a sealer will produce a pressure-tight joint; 2) threads that when assembled without a sealer will produce a pressure-tight joint; 3) threads that provide free- and loose-fitting mechanical joints without pressure tightness; and 4) threads that produce rigid mechanical joints without pressure tightness. American National Standard Pipe Threads American National Standard pipe threads described in the following paragraphs provide taper and straight pipe threads for use in various combinations and with certain modifications to meet these specific needs. Thread Designation and Notation.—American National Standard Pipe Threads are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal size, number of threads per inch, and the symbols for the thread series and form, as: 3 ⁄ 8—18 NPT. The symbol designations are as follows: NPT—American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread; NPTR—American National Standard Taper Pipe Thread for Railing Joints; NPSC—American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread for Couplings; NPSM—American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread for Free-fitting Mechanical Joints; NPSL—American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread for Loose-fitting Mechanical Joints with Locknuts; and NPSH— American National Standard Straight Pipe Thread for Hose Couplings. American National Standard Taper Pipe Threads.—The basic dimensions of the ANSI Standard taper pipe thread are given in Table 1a. Form of Thread: The angle between the sides of the thread is 60 degrees when measured in an axial plane, and the line bisecting this angle is perpendicular to the axis. The depth of the truncated thread is based on factors entering into the manufacture of cutting tools and the making of tight joints and is given by the formulas in Table 1a or the data in Table 2 obtained from these formulas. Although the standard shows flat surfaces at the crest and root of the thread, some rounding may occur in commercial practice, and it is intended that the pipe threads of product shall be acceptable when crest and root of the tools or chasers lie within the limits shown in Table 2. Pitch Diameter Formulas: In the following formulas, which apply to the ANSI Standard taper pipe thread, E0 = pitch diameter at end of pipe; E1 = pitch diameter at the large end of the internal thread and at the gaging notch; D = outside diameter of pipe; L1 = length of hand-tight or normal engagement between external and internal threads; L2 = basic length of effective external taper thread; and p = pitch = 1 ÷ number of threads per inch. E0 = D – ( 0.05D + 1.1)p E1 = E0 + 0.0625L1 Thread Length: The formula for L2 determines the length of the effective thread and includes approximately two usable threads that are slightly imperfect at the crest. The normal length of engagement, L1 , between external and internal taper threads, when assembled by hand, is controlled by the use of the gages. L2 = ( 0.80D + 6.8)p Taper: The taper of the thread is 1 in 16, or 0.75 inch per foot, measured on the diameter and along the axis. The corresponding half-angle of taper or angle with the center line is 1 degree, 47 minutes. Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY
AMERICAN PIPE THREADS 1861 Table 1a. Basic Dimensions, American National Standard Taper Pipe Threads, NPT ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983 (R2001) ;;; ;;; For all dimensions, see corresponding reference letter in table. Angle between sides of thread is 60 degrees. Taper of thread, on diameter, is 3 ⁄ 4 inch per foot. Angle of taper with center line is 1°47′. The basic maximum thread height, h, of the truncated thread is 0.8 × pitch of thread. The crest and root are truncated a minimum of 0.033 × pitch for all pitches. For maximum depth of truncation, see Table 2. Nominal Pipe Size E 3 L 3 Outside Dia. of Pipe, D Threads per Inch, n Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition L 5 L 2 Pitch of Thread, p L 4 2p ;;;; L1 E 0 E 1 E 5 E 2 D Pitch Diameter at Beginning of External Thread, E 0 Handtight Engagement Effective Thread, External Length, a L 1 Dia., b E 1 Length, c L 2 Inch Inch 1 ⁄16 0.3125 27 0.03704 0.27118 0.160 0.28118 0.2611 0.28750 1 ⁄8 0.405 27 0.03704 0.36351 0.1615 0.37360 0.2639 0.38000 1 ⁄4 0.540 18 0.05556 0.47739 0.2278 0.49163 0.4018 0.50250 3 ⁄8 0.675 18 0.05556 0.61201 0.240 0.62701 0.4078 0.63750 1 ⁄2 0.840 14 0.07143 0.75843 0.320 0.77843 0.5337 0.79179 3 ⁄4 1.050 14 0.07143 0.96768 0.339 0.98887 0.5457 1.00179 1 1.315 11 a Also length of thin ring gage and length from gaging notch to small end of plug gage. b Also pitch diameter at gaging notch (handtight plane). c Also length of plug gage. 1 ⁄ 2 0.08696 1.21363 0.400 1.23863 0.6828 1.25630 11 ⁄ 4 1.660 111 ⁄ 2 0.08696 1.55713 0.420 1.58338 0.7068 1.60130 11 ⁄ 2 1.900 111 ⁄ 2 0.08696 1.79609 0.420 1.82234 0.7235 1.84130 2 2.375 111 ⁄ 2 0.08696 2.26902 0.436 2.29627 0.7565 2.31630 21 ⁄ 2 2.875 8 0.12500 2.71953 0.682 2.76216 1.1375 2.79062 3 3.500 8 0.12500 3.34062 0.766 3.38850 1.2000 3.41562 31 ⁄ 2 4.000 8 0.12500 3.83750 0.821 3.88881 1.2500 3.91562 4 4.500 8 0.12500 4.33438 0.844 4.38712 1.3000 4.41562 5 5.563 8 0.12500 5.39073 0.937 5.44929 1.4063 5.47862 6 6.625 8 0.12500 6.44609 0.958 6.50597 1.5125 6.54062 8 8.625 8 0.12500 8.43359 1.063 8.50003 1.7125 8.54062 10 10.750 8 0.12500 10.54531 1.210 10.62094 1.9250 10.66562 12 12.750 8 0.12500 12.53281 1.360 12.61781 2.1250 12.66562 14 OD 14.000 8 0.12500 13.77500 1.562 13.87262 2.2500 13.91562 16 OD 16.000 8 0.12500 15.76250 1.812 15.87575 2.4500 15.91562 18 OD 18.000 8 0.12500 17.75000 2.000 17.87500 2.6500 17.91562 20 OD 20.000 8 0.12500 19.73750 2.125 19.87031 2.8500 19.91562 24 OD 24.000 8 0.12500 23.71250 2.375 23.86094 3.2500 23.91562 V Imperfect Threads due to Chamfer on die Taper of Thread 1 in 16 Measured on Diameter Copyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NY Dia., E 2
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