Constraints to Increasing Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria: A Review

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The implementation of the various presidential commodity initiatives has suffered significant setbacks. FDA/FMARD (2006) cited the following constraints to the implementation of the PIOC and PIOR: inadequate and untimely fund release by all tiers of government lack of funds to procure processing machinery and equipment lack of state and local government implementation committees For the PIOC especially, the PRCU (2006) identified three external trade constraints including the absence of:storage warehouses for processed cassava products railway systems for large-volume movement from inland locations to warehouses designated and equipped ports for agricultural exports These VODEP implementation constraints were cited by FDA/FMARD (2006): aging and inefficient processing equipment, inability to install new processing equipment due to high offshore costs, high costs of production inputs and farm machinery, inability of local vegetable oil to compete with cheaper imported products, inadequate and untimely funding of the program, and delay in the certification of projects. The recurrence of funding as one of the key implementation constraints of the presidential initiatives is better appreciated in relation to the information in Table 1, in which fund allocations for 2004 and 2005 were dismally low compared to the estimated project cost for each commodity in the package of initiatives. Figures 1 and 2 show the indices of area planted and national outputs of rice, cassava, groundnuts, and maize from 2001–02 to 2005–06. Relative to the base year (2001–02), the indices for the area planted with rice decreased annually except for the year 2005–06. The cropped area indices for cassava, maize, and groundnuts relative to 2001–02 increased generally but not consistently. The output indices for rice fell in 2002–03 and 2003–04 relative to 2001–02 but rose in 2004–05 and 2005–06. The output indices for cassava rose consistently relative to the base year. That was not the case for maize and groundnuts, for which the output indices showed declines relative to the base year. Maize was not among the presidential initiative commodities. But it is significant that the performance of its planted area and outputs relative to the base year is not entirely inferior to those observed for the presidential initiative crops. Thus, the seeming gain in the area planted and outputs of such crops as rice, cassava, and groundnuts cannot be totally attributed to the launch of presidential initiatives for them. 17
Figure 1. Plot of indices of area planted, selected crops, Nigeria (2001/02-2005/06, 2001/02=100) H e c t a r a g e I n d e x Source: computed and plotted based on http://faostat.fao.org/ Figure 2. Plot of Indices of Outputs of Selected Agricultural Commodities Nigeria (2001/02-2005/06, 2001/02=100) Quantity Index 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 Year 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 Year 2004/05 2005/06 Source: computed and plotted based on http://faostat.fao.org/ Evaluation of the National Special Programme on Food Security (NSPFS) The NSPFS is another recent agricultural program in Nigeria. It was initiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, with 42 of the participating countries in Africa. The NSPSF was initially piloted in Kano in 1998 and later extended to all 36 Nigerian states (FAO 2006). The initial scope of the NSPFS was broadly defined to include attainment of 18 Rice Cassava Maize G/nut Rice Cassava Maize G/nut
Page 1 and 2: NSSP Background Paper 6 Constraints
Page 3 and 4: Constraints to Increasing Agricultu
Page 5 and 6: Table 13. Adoption rates (%) of sel
Page 7 and 8: NEPAD New Partnership for African D
Page 9 and 10: presidential initiative commodities
Page 11 and 12: When research is poorly funded, agr
Page 13 and 14: harvesting is about N70,000, if all
Page 15 and 16: facilities in abattoirs at wholesal
Page 17 and 18: establishment of a poultry products
Page 19 and 20: fostering many other economic activ
Page 21 and 22: challenge is to develop and dissemi
Page 23: Table 2. Activities, targets, and i
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3. Conceptual Framework: Typ
Page 29 and 30: largely ineffective because the gro
Page 31 and 32: constraint to agricultural producti
Page 33 and 34: There is a growing demand to weigh
Page 35 and 36: It is relevant to add that, from th
Page 37 and 38: technologies, partly because the NA
Page 39 and 40: inadequate extension services as im
Page 41 and 42: Table 15. Parameters for classifyin
Page 43 and 44: Table 17. Distribution of farmers b
Page 45 and 46: Transport Materials (e.g., bags) As
Page 47 and 48: Taking the case of cassava pellets
Page 49 and 50: tuber contains 60-70 percent moistu
Page 51 and 52: Most of the maize processing in Nig
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4. Map of Nigeria showing ri
Page 55 and 56: As was noted for maize, the cost pe
Page 57 and 58: (GPS) affects productivity, especia
Page 59 and 60: those affecting feeds and nutrition
Page 61 and 62: The government should sustain the c
Page 63 and 64: Carter, J. 1995. Alley cropping: Ha
Page 65 and 66: Proceedings of an international con
Page 67 and 68: Spencer, D., A. Doward, G. Abalu, D
Page 69 and 70: the realization of the full potenti
Page 71: Appendix 3: Nigerian National and A

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