Ye Pleasant Mount: 1989 1990 Excavations - Open site which ...

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Mollusca A total of 46 fragments of American oyster and freshwater mussel shell was recovered from the sampled proveniences (Tables 1, 2, and 3). These shell fragments represent a minimum of two mussels and one oyster, based on hinge fragments. Shellfish provided a consistently low percentage ofthe biomass in the sample. The majority (67%) of the fragments were found in Levels 1 and 2. Differential preservation and secondary use or discard of shells probably affected the low count, and fragmentary nature of, the remains. Fish Sixty-four fragments (12% of total remains) of fish bone are identified from the samples at Mt. Pleasant, and ten were identifiable to genus or species.(Table 1, 2, 3). A brown bullhead catfish was identified in Levels 1 and 2 ofTest Units 21 and 22. A channel catfish and probable largemouth bass were identified in Levels 3, 4, and 5 of the same units. Feature 6 produced channel catfish remains. Unidentified fish scales were found in all levels and Features 6 and 18. The majority (84%; n=54) of fish elements were scales, which are difficult to identify below the family level, even with a comparative collection. The vast majority of fish remains and the majority of biomass contributed by fish in the sample was represented by remains from Levels 3, 4, and 5 (Table 2). These results suggest that fish provided a small, but consistent, portion ofthe diet at the site, especially during the protohistoric and contact period (Levels 3, 4, and 5). No burning was noted on fish remains in the sample. Birds A total of 35 fragments (6% of total remains) of bird bone is identified from the samples at Mt. Pleasant. Ofthese, five (14%) are identifiable to the species level, and represent chicken and turkey remains (Table 1). Birds provided approximately 2.5 percent of the biomass in both the upper and lower levels (Tables 1 and 2). Unidentified medium-large bird remains were found in Features 6 and 18 (Table 3). Medullary bone (indicating an egg-laying female bird) was identified in only one bird shaft fragment, suggesting either (1) that Galliforme birds were not regularly kept for egg production, or (2) that it represents a season when the birds were not laying, or (3) that faunal evidence for this was discarded elsewhere during deposition. One cut mark was noted on an unidentified bird shaft fragment. No burning was noted on bird elements in the sample. Mammals Domestic mammals were probably born, raised, butchered, and consumed on or near the site. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries domestic animals were allowed to range freely and forage for food. They were often butchered in the 3
summer/fall, before they lost the weight put on during months of plentiful grazing. A total of 390 mammal remains (71% of total remains) was recovered from the sample proveniences Two domestic mammal species (cattle, pigs) and three wild mammal species (raccoon, fox squirrel, and deer) are identified in this sample. Cattle (Bos taurus) provide the largest proportion of biomass, followed by deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and domestic pig (Sus scrota). Raccoons (Procyon Zotor) and a fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) from Levels 1 and 2 provided the fourth highest percentage of biomass, and the highest MNI (4) (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Cattle, pork, and unidentified medium-large mammals provided the highest percentage of biomass in Levels 1 and 2, while deer and unidentified mediumlarge mammals provided the largest amount ofbiomass in Levels 3, 4, and 5. The data suggest that the utilization of deer during the historic period at Mt. Pleasant decreased, and was supplanted to some extent by cattle and small wild mammals in the diet. The percentage of biomass provided by pork remains between 3-4 percent through time (Tables 1 and 2). Modifications noted on mammal bone included cut and hack marks. Fourteen cow, deer and unidentified medium-large mammal bones exhibited superficial cuts or hack marks. No sawed cuts were identified. The only cut identified on pig bone was a cut through the distal humerus just above the articular end. Four elements of cattle exhibited cut or hack marks. Cuts through a vertebra may represent a rib or loin cut. A hacked fragment of pelvis could represent a rump or "aitchbone" cut (Gerrard 1949). One rib fragment was cut on two ends, and probably is part of a 6.5 in (16 cm) long portion ofribs. One unidentified long bone fragment was cut on one end. Three elements of deer exhibited cut or hack marks. A proximal radius and toe bone with superlicial cuts, and a proximal metacarpal with hack nuttks, probably represent butchering and discard of non-meaty shin and foot elements from the carcass. A pathologically "lipped" deer vertebra represents an arthritic individual. Forty-five unidentified medium-large mammal. bone fragments contained superficial cuts or hack marks. These included five rib fragments and 40 shaft fragments. Forty-five unidentified medium-large mammal bone fragments (9.4%) in the sample are burned. One medium-large mammal shaft fragment was rodent gnawed, and seven deer and unidentified medium-large mammal bones had been gnawed by carnivores. DISCUSSION This small assemblage of bone from Mt. Pleasant appears to reflect a relatively self-sufficient economy, and it is assumed that most of the domestic animals and birds represented in the assemblage were raised, butchered, and consumed on the site proper. Some species, such as the squirrel, raccoons, and turkey, might have been procured elsewhere, and then brought to the site for consumption. 4
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Ye Pleasant Mount: 1989 & 1990 Exca
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Chapter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Table of
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Figure List ofFigures, continued 31
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Acknowledgements The author is inde
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is not known, it may have been sett
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Laboratory Methods All artifacts we
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Chapter 2. History of Mount Pleasan
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visited by Bartram was located in 1
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Ebenezer, he purposed to quit the w
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Uchee Creek in Columbia County, wit
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was: "supplying some Creek Indians
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He [Oglethorpe] stationed small gar
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Thomas Wiggin was dead by 1756, and
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continued to live near Mount Pleasa
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Table 2, Continued. Artifact Summar
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--- Area C Area D Level bluff top M
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Table 3. Area C, Test Unit Summary.
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Chapter 4. Excavations at Trader Po
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Table 4. Artifact Summary, Midden,
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G ·' ;:. ,: ,': .:' . : ..... A B
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Figure 11. Pewter .p001l8 ad iron k
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Table 6. Ceramic Summary, Midden, c
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Tobie 7. Ceramic SU111DUIIY. FeaIUr
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Table 8. Minimum Vessel Estimate, N
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y the addition of a notched/pinched
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century, further confirming the age
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Table 10. Button Attributes. Levell
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Table 11, Continued. Glass Bead Typ
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while Mount Pleasant had fewer than
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It B Fi ur 23 En isb E em J
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Type G, which is associated with Br
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o CIII 2 Fi ure 28. Bottle lass too
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581N SOOE 10 YR 5/4 Y.Uowish Brown
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10 YR S/3 Brown Sand 10 YR 3/1 Very
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Feature 1. Feature 1 was a circular
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x 28 cm north-south and it was 19 c
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own sand. The feature contained onl
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Table 13. Mean Ceramic Dale Calcula
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documented period (1735 to 1757) wh
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In Table 16, the Trader Point midde
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Period pottery. The paucity of Chat
Page 111 and 112: with it. Since we know that Schremp
Page 113 and 114: Table 19, Continued. Summary of Eur
Page 115 and 116: Table 19, Continued. Summary of Eur
Page 119 and 120: Hemperley, Marion 1974 English Crow
Page 121 and 122: Kelly, A. R. and R. S. Neitzel 1961
Page 123 and 124: Smith, Marvin T. 1990 Historic Peri
Page 125 and 126: Appendix I. Glass Beads from Mount
Page 127 and 128: value for comparative purposes, and
Page 129 and 130: There is no Kidd designation for th
Page 131 and 132: Ontario. Kidd, Kenneth E. 1979 Glas
Page 133 and 134: ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE M
Page 136 and 137: specimens that have been studied by
Page 138 and 139: The next largest taxon category by
Page 140 and 141: The domestic animals, pig, cow, chi
Page 142 and 143: Fort Michilimackinac fit well with
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCES CITED Anderson, Jay Alle
Page 146 and 147: Schmid, Elizabeth F. 1972 Atlas of
Page 150 and 151: Table 4. Species List, The Mt. Plea
Page 152 and 153: Table 7. Bone Measurements' (in mil
Page 154 and 155: Table 10. Element Distribution of M
Page 156 and 157: Table 12. Element Fusion Data, Mt.
Page 158 and 159: INTRODUCTION ZOOARCHAEOLOGICALANALY
Page 162 and 163: These data allow us to draw some co
Page 164 and 165: Analysis of butchering patterns on
Page 166 and 167: REI ...ERENCES Aldrich, Paul I. (ed
Page 170: Table 3. Fauna from Mt. Pleasant, F
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