Ye Pleasant Mount: 1989 1990 Excavations - Open site which ...

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was: "supplying some Creek Indians [19 people] from Mount Pleasant with Provisions for their Journey to Charleston." Wiggin later became commander of the fort at Mount Pleasant (Easterby 1951:447; McDowell 1958:175; S.C. Commons Journal 1739 1741:389). Four other traders with 13 assistants listed Mount Pleasant as their primary residence in a 1743 inventory of Georgia Indian traders. A list of the Mount Pleasant traders is presented in Table 1. Table 1. Deerskin Traders at Mount Pleasant. TRADER ASSISTANTS HORSES Mr. Spencer 3 16 Mr. Gilmore 4 20 Mr.Bameu 3 20 Mr. Ladson 3 20 (Source: Collections of the Georgia Historical Society 2:123) John Spencer, among those listed in the 1743 inventory, swore in an affidavit in 1752 that he was an Upper Creek Indian trader in the town of Mucklassies. Spencer also was licensed as a trader with South Carolina authorities and he owned land near Augusta. No references to the Indian traders Barnett, Ladson, or Gilmore were found by our research in the South Carolina records, and little else is known about them (McDowell 1958:337-338). In 1752, Stephen Forest was listed by South Carolina as a trader in the Utehee town of Ausichee probably located in present-day Russell County, Alabama. Forest had an assistant named Peter Randal. Randal's name appears in the early land grant records claiming the area along the lower Savannah River within five miles of Mount Pleasant. Perhaps Stephen Forest and Peter Randal were among the 16 unnamed assistants to the Indian traders who had been stationed earlier at Mount Pleasant. By that time, however, the Yuchi no longer lived at Mount Pleasant. As early as 1743, the trader, Forest, warned the Carolina government ofbad feelings between the Lower Creeks and the Carolina Yuchi (S. C. Commons Journal 11:286-287). Although the Indian trade at Mount Pleasant diminished during the 176Os, the location continued to be an important transit point for goods and services as indicated by a 1764 15
oat advertisment in the Georgia Gazette: "To be sold by the Subscriber at Mount Pleasant, A New Boat, eight feet wide, and forty feet long, with a small cabin, and every thing necessary for immediate use. Robert Hudson." (Georgia Gazette June 7,1764, p. 5, c.1). Vessels of this type transported goods up and down the Savannah River during the eighteenth century. Mount Pleasant served as an important trading point for people headed north or south by both river and overland routes, and for those headed east or west by the overland route. By the 1770s, however, Mount Pleasant's importance as a river crossing had been surpassed by more convenient ferrying points located both upstream and downstream. The Ranger Era In December, 1717, the government of South Carolina reorganized the Company of Southern Rangers and their base of operation was transferred to the Savannah River. These rangers were stationed near Mount Pleasant, which at that time was considered territory belonging to Carolina. The Company of Southern Rangers was disbanded in June, 1718. In 1723, a new group ofrangers built Fort Prince George near Apalachacola Old Town and this fort was maintained until 1742 (Ivers 1973, 1984). Larry Ivers, an authority on eighteenth century military affairs, provides a description of the typical ranger one might have encountered at Fort Prince George or Mount Pleasant during the early eighteenth century Compared with smartly dressed British dragoons, the rangers of the southern colonies would have louked more like outlaws than soldiers. Rangers were nonnally required to outfit themselves with horses, saddles, bridles, weapons, clothing, and food. Their horses were small but rugged, bred in the colonies. The primary weapon was a flintlock carbine or a musket with the barrel sawed off short for easier handling on horseback. Two flintlock pistols were holstered in front of the saddle. Initially, only a sword was required to complement the three slow loading firearms, but by the end of the seventeenth century, rangers had begun to carry hatchets, which served as both weapons and tools on the forest trails. Clothing was usually the same civilian apparel worn by the English workingmen of the period. Rangers usually received good wages, paid in tobacco in Virginia and Maryland, in inflated paper currency in South Carolina, and later in bills of exchange in Georgia. (Ivers 1984:157) General Oglethorpe readily adopted the ranger system then in use by Carolina to form the Georgia rangers. Ivers provides a description of how the Georgia rangers were organized 16
Page 1 and 2: Ye Pleasant Mount: 1989 & 1990 Exca
Page 3 and 4: Chapter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Table of
Page 5 and 6: Figure List ofFigures, continued 31
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements The author is inde
Page 10 and 11: is not known, it may have been sett
Page 12 and 13: Laboratory Methods All artifacts we
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2. History of Mount Pleasan
Page 16 and 17: visited by Bartram was located in 1
Page 18 and 19: Ebenezer, he purposed to quit the w
Page 20 and 21: Uchee Creek in Columbia County, wit
Page 24 and 25: He [Oglethorpe] stationed small gar
Page 26 and 27: Thomas Wiggin was dead by 1756, and
Page 28: continued to live near Mount Pleasa
Page 31 and 32: Table 2, Continued. Artifact Summar
Page 33 and 34: --- Area C Area D Level bluff top M
Page 35 and 36: Table 3. Area C, Test Unit Summary.
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 4. Excavations at Trader Po
Page 39 and 40: Table 4. Artifact Summary, Midden,
Page 46 and 47: G ·' ;:. ,: ,': .:' . : ..... A B
Page 49: Figure 11. Pewter .p001l8 ad iron k
Page 53 and 54: Table 6. Ceramic Summary, Midden, c
Page 55 and 56: Tobie 7. Ceramic SU111DUIIY. FeaIUr
Page 57 and 58: Table 8. Minimum Vessel Estimate, N
Page 59 and 60: y the addition of a notched/pinched
Page 61 and 62: century, further confirming the age
Page 66 and 67: Table 10. Button Attributes. Levell
Page 68 and 69: Table 11, Continued. Glass Bead Typ
Page 70: while Mount Pleasant had fewer than
Page 74:
It B Fi ur 23 En isb E em J
Page 77:
Type G, which is associated with Br
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o CIII 2 Fi ure 28. Bottle lass too
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581N SOOE 10 YR 5/4 Y.Uowish Brown
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10 YR S/3 Brown Sand 10 YR 3/1 Very
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Feature 1. Feature 1 was a circular
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x 28 cm north-south and it was 19 c
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own sand. The feature contained onl
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Table 13. Mean Ceramic Dale Calcula
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documented period (1735 to 1757) wh
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In Table 16, the Trader Point midde
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Period pottery. The paucity of Chat
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with it. Since we know that Schremp
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Table 19, Continued. Summary of Eur
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Table 19, Continued. Summary of Eur
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Hemperley, Marion 1974 English Crow
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Kelly, A. R. and R. S. Neitzel 1961
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Smith, Marvin T. 1990 Historic Peri
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Appendix I. Glass Beads from Mount
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value for comparative purposes, and
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There is no Kidd designation for th
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Ontario. Kidd, Kenneth E. 1979 Glas
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ZOOARCHAEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE M
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specimens that have been studied by
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The next largest taxon category by
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The domestic animals, pig, cow, chi
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Fort Michilimackinac fit well with
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REFERENCES CITED Anderson, Jay Alle
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Schmid, Elizabeth F. 1972 Atlas of
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Table 4. Species List, The Mt. Plea
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Table 7. Bone Measurements' (in mil
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Table 10. Element Distribution of M
Page 156 and 157:
Table 12. Element Fusion Data, Mt.
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INTRODUCTION ZOOARCHAEOLOGICALANALY
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Mollusca A total of 46 fragments of
Page 162 and 163:
These data allow us to draw some co
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Analysis of butchering patterns on
Page 166 and 167:
REI ...ERENCES Aldrich, Paul I. (ed
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Table 3. Fauna from Mt. Pleasant, F
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