The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve: Final

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Table 14: Primary threats to cave-dwelling fauna in JKCR ranked as to their priority for management action. Methods for determining the ranks are given in section 3.2. This table is an excerpt from Table 10 specifically for cave-dwelling fauna. Priority cave-dwelling fauna 122 Artificial lighting of caves Cave specific threats Threats common to caves and the remainder of JKCR Highest High Future Highest High Moderate Future Changes in temperature and humidity Interference by the public Noise inappropriate gating of cave entrances Brush-tailed rock-wallaby X X X X X X X X X X Large-eared pied bat X X X X X X X X X X X X Eastern bentwing-bat X X X X X X X X X X X X Spotted-tail quoll X X X X X Sooty owl X X X X X X X X Eastern horseshoe bat X X X X X X X X X X X X 9.5 MANAGEMENT OF THREATS TO CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA Introduction of white nose syndrome 9.5.1 Recommendations for the management of threats to cave-dwelling fauna There are numerous programs already in place to manage the cave-dwelling fauna at JKCR. The following section, however, addresses every threat identified in the section above (9.4) and details management activities that address that threat (many of these management actions are already in place). The following table (Table 15) lists all threats as relevant to cave-dwelling fauna and gives recommendations for the management of these threats along with key habitats or areas this management activity should be focused. Also given is the species potentially benefited by the introduction or continuation of this management action. Table 15: Management of the key threats to cave-dwelling fauna are listed below Management response Target areas or habitats Cave-dwelling species affected CAVE-SPECIFIC THREATS Artificial lighting of caves Ensure appropriate site-based impact studies are conducted before changing or expanding existing lighting systems in the tourist caves. Consider upgrading existing lighting systems to those which minimise light pollution and interference with cave-dwelling fauna, possibly including the use of low-voltage lighting systems, light timers, motion sensors and aiming light away from locations used by fauna. Changes in temperature and humidity Continue to avoid activities that alter the temperature and humidity of the caves (e.g. use of low-heat emitting lights) Introduced predators Introduced herbivores and pigs Weed invasion Tourist caves, especially those where bats are known to regularly roost, e.g. Nettle Cave and Devil’s Coach House. The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve Inbreeding Fire Alteration to natural flow regimes Climate change Cave-dwelling bats, possibly sooty owl. Brush-tailed rockwallaby shelter sites. Tourist caves. Cave-dwelling bats, possibly sooty owl. All developed caves where bats are known to roost. Cave-dwelling bats.
Management response Target areas or habitats Cave-dwelling species affected Ensure potential changes to temperature and humidity is included in any impact assessment when upgrading or installing new infrastructure in the caves. Consider the cumulative impact of management actions on the temperature and humidity of caves. Interference by the public Continue to follow the cave access policy and guidelines for mitigating human impacts on cave values (DECCW 2010a, 2010c) Continue implementation of the permit system for non-show caves with restrictions on accessing known bat roosts in the cooler months, and complete closure to the public of bat roosts in winter. There should be no access permits granted to identified important bat roosts, especially during hibernation, unless significant cause is given (as per DECCW 2010c). Develop a management plan for Mammoth Cave that formalises the strategies that must be taken by cave guides and speleological groups to avoid impacting roosting bats, particularly during hibernation. Provide education for visitors and permit applicants on ways to minimise impacts on cave fauna e.g. not approaching roosting bats, touching or feeding animals, and keeping noise to a minimum. Noise Within the caves, avoid construction and maintenance in winter when bats are vulnerable to disturbance. Within the caves, avoid noisy activities where sooty owls are nesting. This will usually be in winter. Ensure known nesting sites are not being used before planning outdoor concerts or construction works. Sealing up or inappropriate gating of cave entrances Follow policy directives outlined in the OEH cave gating guidelines (DECCW 2010b) Avoid new gating on natural cave entrances where bats are present Use copola or cage gates where possible to allow for bats that will not fly though vertical exits Position gates where they will not interfere with air flow or water regimes. Ensure new or upgraded gates are designed to minimise impacts on bats. Site assessment and consultation with a bat ecologist and monitoring is advised. Gate installation should not occur at critical points in the lifecycle of cave-dwelling fauna. All developed caves where bats are known to roost. All developed caves where bats are known to roost. Cave-dwelling bats. Cave-dwelling bats. All caves. All cave-dwelling fauna. All wild caves where large colonies of bats roost. All cave-dwelling bats. Paradox Cave. Eastern bentwing-bat. Mammoth Cave. Eastern bentwing-bat, eastern horseshoe bat. All caves where vertebrate fauna occur. All developed caves where bats roost. Known and potential sooty owl nesting sites. All caves where bats are known to occur. All caves where bats are known to occur. All caves where bats are known to occur. All caves where vertebrate fauna occur. Any gated cave where bats are known to roost or have roosted in the past. All caves where vertebrate fauna occur. All cave-dwelling fauna. All cave-dwelling bats. Sooty owl. All cave-dwelling bats. All cave-dwelling bats. All cave-dwelling bats. All cave-dwelling fauna. All cave-dwelling bats. All cave-dwelling fauna The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve 123
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The Vertebrate Fauna of the Jenolan
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Published by: Office of Environment
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CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION............
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6.4.12 Inbreeding..................
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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT RATIONAL
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Map 1: Location and features of Jen
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Hydrology JKCR encompasses the uppe
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1.3.5 Vegetation Much of the vegeta
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wheel-driving and other motor sport
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Multiple banding trips undertaken b
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ground mammal surveys in all vegeta
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Bat Ultrasonic (‘Anabat’) Call
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undisturbed in situ. As agreed with
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Table 4: Statewide vegetation class
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Map 5: Location of OEH standard sys
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3 METHODS USED TO ASSESS AND PRIORI
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Table 5: Factors used to calculate
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Common name Scientific name Reason
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species occur in the southern Blue
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The proximity of the reserve to mor
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extinct. A remnant population there
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Table 8: Comparison of detection ra
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Map 7: Distribution of introduced b
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5.2 NATIVE SPECIES PROFILES This se
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STUTTERING FROG MIXOPHYES BALBUS EP
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FLAME ROBIN MELANODRYAS CUCULLATA C
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GLOSSY BLACK-COCKATOO CALYPTORHYNCH
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LITTLE EAGLE HIERAAETUS MORPHNOIDES
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REGENT HONEYEATER ANTHOCHAERA PHRYG
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SPECKLED WARBLER CHTHONICOLA SAGITT
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VARIED SITTELLA DAPHOENOSITTA CHRYS
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POWERFUL OWL NINOX STRENUA EPBC Act
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BETTONG SPECIES BETTONGIA SPP. EPBC
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BRUSH-TAILED PHASCOGALE PHASCOGALE
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Management Considerations Continue
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EASTERN QUOLL DASYURUS VIVERRINUS E
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KOALA PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS EPBC A
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NEW HOLLAND MOUSE PSEUDOMYS NOVAEHO
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PLATYPUS ORNITHORHYNCHUS ANATINUS E
Page 81 and 82: SMOKY MOUSE PSEUDOMYS FUMEUS EPBC A
Page 83 and 84: SPOTTED-TAILED QUOLL DASYURUS MACUL
Page 85 and 86: WHITE-FOOTED RABBIT-RAT CONILURUS A
Page 87 and 88: EASTERN BENTWING-BAT MINIOPTERUS SC
Page 89 and 90: EASTERN FALSE PIPISTRELLEFALSISTREL
Page 91 and 92: GREATER BROAD-NOSED BAT SCOTEANAX R
Page 93 and 94: LARGE-EARED PIED BAT CHALINOLOBUS D
Page 95 and 96: FERAL CAT FELIS CATUS Feral cat. Ph
Page 97 and 98: FERAL DOG CANIS LUPUS Feral dog. Ph
Page 99 and 100: FERAL PIG SUS SCROFA Occurrence in
Page 101 and 102: RABBIT ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS Occurr
Page 103 and 104: 6.3 RELATIVE PRIORITY OF THREATS In
Page 105 and 106: 6.4.6 Environmental degradation, co
Page 107 and 108: operations (particularly during mop
Page 109 and 110: 7 MANAGEMENT OF THREATS 7.1 RECOMME
Page 111 and 112: Management response Target areas or
Page 115 and 116: 8 FURTHER SURVEY AND MONITORING 8.1
Page 117 and 118: esolved and projects are rarely fun
Page 119 and 120: 8.3.3 Suggested monitoring programs
Page 121 and 122: OVERVIEW Limestone karst is a limit
Page 123 and 124: Cook visited after limited installa
Page 125 and 126: adept climbers and may predate on b
Page 127 and 128: Interference by the public Some ver
Page 129 and 130: Predation and competition by the fo
Page 131: can also alter the temperature and
Page 137 and 138: Much of this data is then available
Page 139 and 140: Spotted-tailed quoll The spotted-ta
Page 141 and 142: Overall, the current study shows th
Page 143 and 144: Common Name Morris et al. (1997) OE
Page 145 and 146: DECC (2007) Terrestrial vertebrate
Page 147 and 148: Keith, D.A. (2004) Ocean shores to
Page 149 and 150: Soderquist, T.R., Traill, B.J., Far
Page 151 and 152: Common name Scientific name NSW leg
Page 159: Cave Date inspected Mattagang Cave
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The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve: Final

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