The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve: Final

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iv Gang-gang Cockatoo ........................... Callocephalon fimbriatum.......................... 44 Glossy Black-cockatoo.......................... Calyptorhynchus lathami........................... 45 Hooded Robin..................................... Melanodryas cucullata cucullata ............... 46 Little Eagle......................................... Hieraaetus morphnoides ........................... 47 Red-backed Button-quail ...................... Turnix maculosa ........................................ 48 Regent Honeyeater.............................. Anthochaera phrygia ................................. 49 Scarlet Robin ..................................... Petroica boodang ...................................... 50 Speckled Warbler ................................ Chthonicola sagittata................................. 51 Swift Parrot ........................................ Lathamus discolor ..................................... 52 Varied Sittella ..................................... Daphoenositta chrysoptera ....................... 53 Barking Owl........................................ Ninox connivens ........................................ 54 Powerful Owl ...................................... Ninox strenua ............................................ 55 Sooty Owl .......................................... Tyto tenebricosa........................................ 56 Bettong Species .................................. Bettongia spp. ........................................... 57 Broad-toothed Rat ............................... Mastacomys fuscus................................... 58 Brush-tailed Phascogale ....................... Phascogale tapoatafa................................ 59 Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby ..................... Petrogale penicillata.................................. 60 Eastern Pygmy-possum ........................ Cercartetus nanus ..................................... 62 Eastern Quoll...................................... Dasyurus viverrinus................................... 63 Hastings River Mouse........................... Pseudomys oralis...................................... 64 Koala ................................................ Phascolarctos cinereus ............................. 65 Long-nosed Potoroo............................. Potorous tridactylus................................... 66 New Holland Mouse ............................ Pseudomys novaehollandiae .................... 67 Plains Rat .......................................... Pseudomys australis ................................. 68 Platypus ............................................ Ornithorhynchus anatinus ......................... 69 Red-necked Pademelon........................ Thylogale thetis ......................................... 70 Smoky Mouse..................................... Pseudomys fumeus................................... 71 Southern Brown Bandicoot .................... Isoodon obesulus ...................................... 72 Spotted-tailed Quoll.............................. Dasyurus maculatus.................................. 73 Squirrel Glider..................................... Petaurus norfolcensis................................ 74 White-footed Rabbit-rat......................... Conilurus albipes....................................... 75 Yellow-bellied Glider............................. Petaurus australis...................................... 76 Eastern Bentwing-bat ........................... Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis ......... 77 Eastern False Pipistrelle........................ Falsistrellus tasmaniensis ......................... 79 Eastern Horseshoe Bat......................... Rhinolophus megaphyllus ......................... 80 Greater Broad-nosed Bat ...................... Scoteanax rueppellii.................................. 81 Grey-headed Flying-fox......................... Pteropus poliocephalus............................. 82 Large-eared Pied Bat ........................... Chalinolobus dwyeri .................................. 83 5.3 INTRODUCED SPECIES ...................................................................................................... 84 Feral Cat ........................................... Felis catus ................................................. 85 Feral Deer.......................................... Cervus spp. ............................................... 86 Feral Dog........................................... Canis lupus................................................ 87 Feral Goat.......................................... Capra hircus .............................................. 88 Feral Pig............................................ Sus scrofa ................................................. 89 Fox................................................... Vulpes vulpes ............................................ 90 Rabbit ............................................... Oryctolagus cuniculus ............................... 91 6 THREATS TO NATIVE FAUNA..................................................................................................... 92 6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 92 6.2 KEY THREATENING PROCESSES ........................................................................................ 92 6.3 RELATIVE PRIORITY OF THREATS....................................................................................... 93 6.4 MOST IMPORTANT THREATS AT JKCR ............................................................................... 94 6.4.1 Predation and competition by the fox .............................................................. 94 6.4.2 Predation and competition by the feral cat ...................................................... 94 6.4.3 Human disturbance of roosts and nests.......................................................... 94 6.4.4 Road mortality.................................................................................................. 94 6.4.5 Off-target poisoning (from 1080 or rodenticides)............................................. 94 6.4.6 Environmental degradation, competition and disease transmission by pigs... 95 6.4.7 Weed invasion ................................................................................................. 95 6.4.8 Environmental degradation and competition by feral goats ............................ 95 6.4.9 Environmental degradation and competition by feral deer.............................. 95 6.4.10 Environmental degradation and competition by rabbits .................................. 95 6.4.11 Inappropriate gating of cave entrances ........................................................... 96 The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve
6.4.12 Inbreeding........................................................................................................ 96 6.4.13 Predation and hybridisation by dogs ............................................................... 96 6.4.14 Disease............................................................................................................ 96 6.4.15 Removal of dead wood and dead trees .......................................................... 96 6.4.16 Loss of hollow-bearing trees (including standing dead trees)......................... 96 6.4.17 Inappropriate fire regimes ............................................................................... 97 6.4.18 Competition for hollows by feral honeybees ................................................... 97 6.4.19 Predation and competition by black rats ......................................................... 97 6.4.20 Alteration to natural flow regimes and reduced water quality ......................... 97 6.5 OTHER THREATS .............................................................................................................. 97 6.5.1 Future threats .................................................................................................. 97 6.5.2 Threats of lower relevance to JKCR ............................................................... 98 7 MANAGEMENT OF THREATS..................................................................................................... 99 7.1 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THREATS TO FAUNA.................................. 99 7.2 MANAGEMENT OF NEW SPECIES FOR THE RESERVE......................................................... 104 7.3 MAINTAINING WILDLIFE DATA SYSTEMS ........................................................................... 104 8 FURTHER SURVEY AND MONITORING................................................................................... 105 8.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE CURRENT SURVEY........................................................................... 105 8.2 FURTHER FAUNA SURVEY ............................................................................................... 105 8.2.1 Frogs ............................................................................................................. 105 8.2.2 Reptiles.......................................................................................................... 106 8.2.3 Birds .............................................................................................................. 106 8.2.4 Mammals....................................................................................................... 106 8.3 FAUNA MONITORING ....................................................................................................... 106 8.3.1 Background ................................................................................................... 106 8.3.2 Implementing a fauna monitoring program ................................................... 107 8.3.3 Suggested monitoring programs ................................................................... 109 9 CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA ......................................................................................................... 110 9.1 CAVE INVESTIGATIONS.................................................................................................... 112 9.2 SPECIES THAT USE THE CAVES....................................................................................... 112 9.2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................... 112 9.2.2 Historic reports of fauna at Jenolan Caves ................................................... 112 9.2.3 Birds .............................................................................................................. 113 9.2.4 Bats ............................................................................................................... 114 9.2.5 Other mammals............................................................................................. 114 9.2.6 Frogs and reptiles.......................................................................................... 115 9.3 PRINCIPAL CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA AT JENOLAN CAVES ................................................... 115 9.4 THREATS TO CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA .............................................................................. 116 9.4.1 Cave-specific threats..................................................................................... 116 9.4.2 Threats common to cave environments and the remainder of JKCR ........... 118 9.4.3 Summary of threats to cave-dwelling fauna.................................................. 121 9.5 MANAGEMENT OF THREATS TO CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA ................................................... 122 9.5.1 Recommendations for the management of threats to cave-dwelling fauna.. 122 9.5.2 Maintaining wildlife data systems for cave-dwelling fauna............................ 126 9.6 MONITORING, FURTHER SURVEY AND RESEARCH ON CAVE-DWELLING FAUNA................... 127 9.6.1 Suggested monitoring programs ................................................................... 128 9.6.2 Further fauna survey ..................................................................................... 129 9.6.3 Potential research projects............................................................................ 129 9.7 MANAGEMENT OF MAMMOTH CAVE ................................................................................. 129 9.8 ANALYSIS OF SOOTY OWL PELLETS................................................................................. 130 9.9 FURTHER RESEARCH OF SOOTY OWL PELLETS................................................................ 133 10 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 134 APPENDIX A: VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF JENOLAN KARST CONSERVATION RESERVE ... 140 APPENDIX B: CAVE INVESTIGATIONS AT JENOLAN, FEBRUARY – MAY 2011................... 148 The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve v
Page 1: The Vertebrate Fauna of the Jenolan
Page 4 and 5: Published by: Office of Environment
Page 7: CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION............
Page 11 and 12: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT RATIONAL
Page 13 and 14: Map 1: Location and features of Jen
Page 15 and 16: Hydrology JKCR encompasses the uppe
Page 17 and 18: 1.3.5 Vegetation Much of the vegeta
Page 19 and 20: wheel-driving and other motor sport
Page 21 and 22: Multiple banding trips undertaken b
Page 23 and 24: ground mammal surveys in all vegeta
Page 25 and 26: Bat Ultrasonic (‘Anabat’) Call
Page 27 and 28: undisturbed in situ. As agreed with
Page 29 and 30: Table 4: Statewide vegetation class
Page 31 and 32: Map 5: Location of OEH standard sys
Page 33 and 34: 3 METHODS USED TO ASSESS AND PRIORI
Page 35 and 36: Table 5: Factors used to calculate
Page 37 and 38: Common name Scientific name Reason
Page 39 and 40: species occur in the southern Blue
Page 41 and 42: The proximity of the reserve to mor
Page 43 and 44: extinct. A remnant population there
Page 45 and 46: Table 8: Comparison of detection ra
Page 47 and 48: Map 7: Distribution of introduced b
Page 49 and 50: 5.2 NATIVE SPECIES PROFILES This se
Page 51 and 52: STUTTERING FROG MIXOPHYES BALBUS EP
Page 53 and 54: FLAME ROBIN MELANODRYAS CUCULLATA C
Page 55 and 56: GLOSSY BLACK-COCKATOO CALYPTORHYNCH
Page 57 and 58: LITTLE EAGLE HIERAAETUS MORPHNOIDES
Page 59 and 60:
REGENT HONEYEATER ANTHOCHAERA PHRYG
Page 61 and 62:
SPECKLED WARBLER CHTHONICOLA SAGITT
Page 63 and 64:
VARIED SITTELLA DAPHOENOSITTA CHRYS
Page 65 and 66:
POWERFUL OWL NINOX STRENUA EPBC Act
Page 67 and 68:
BETTONG SPECIES BETTONGIA SPP. EPBC
Page 69 and 70:
BRUSH-TAILED PHASCOGALE PHASCOGALE
Page 71 and 72:
Management Considerations Continue
Page 73 and 74:
EASTERN QUOLL DASYURUS VIVERRINUS E
Page 75 and 76:
KOALA PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS EPBC A
Page 77 and 78:
NEW HOLLAND MOUSE PSEUDOMYS NOVAEHO
Page 79 and 80:
PLATYPUS ORNITHORHYNCHUS ANATINUS E
Page 81 and 82:
SMOKY MOUSE PSEUDOMYS FUMEUS EPBC A
Page 83 and 84:
SPOTTED-TAILED QUOLL DASYURUS MACUL
Page 85 and 86:
WHITE-FOOTED RABBIT-RAT CONILURUS A
Page 87 and 88:
EASTERN BENTWING-BAT MINIOPTERUS SC
Page 89 and 90:
EASTERN FALSE PIPISTRELLEFALSISTREL
Page 91 and 92:
GREATER BROAD-NOSED BAT SCOTEANAX R
Page 93 and 94:
LARGE-EARED PIED BAT CHALINOLOBUS D
Page 95 and 96:
FERAL CAT FELIS CATUS Feral cat. Ph
Page 97 and 98:
FERAL DOG CANIS LUPUS Feral dog. Ph
Page 99 and 100:
FERAL PIG SUS SCROFA Occurrence in
Page 101 and 102:
RABBIT ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS Occurr
Page 103 and 104:
6.3 RELATIVE PRIORITY OF THREATS In
Page 105 and 106:
6.4.6 Environmental degradation, co
Page 107 and 108:
operations (particularly during mop
Page 109 and 110:
7 MANAGEMENT OF THREATS 7.1 RECOMME
Page 111 and 112:
Management response Target areas or
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
8 FURTHER SURVEY AND MONITORING 8.1
Page 117 and 118:
esolved and projects are rarely fun
Page 119 and 120:
8.3.3 Suggested monitoring programs
Page 121 and 122:
OVERVIEW Limestone karst is a limit
Page 123 and 124:
Cook visited after limited installa
Page 125 and 126:
adept climbers and may predate on b
Page 127 and 128:
Interference by the public Some ver
Page 129 and 130:
Predation and competition by the fo
Page 131 and 132:
can also alter the temperature and
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Much of this data is then available
Page 139 and 140:
Spotted-tailed quoll The spotted-ta
Page 141 and 142:
Overall, the current study shows th
Page 143 and 144:
Common Name Morris et al. (1997) OE
Page 145 and 146:
DECC (2007) Terrestrial vertebrate
Page 147 and 148:
Keith, D.A. (2004) Ocean shores to
Page 149 and 150:
Soderquist, T.R., Traill, B.J., Far
Page 151 and 152:
Common name Scientific name NSW leg
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159:
Cave Date inspected Mattagang Cave
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The Vertebrate Fauna of Jenolan Karst Conservation Reserve: Final

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