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London British Museum), Istanbul A (Selefkeh), Istanbul B (Sidemara), Istanbul I and Hierapolis A sarcophagi. It has been suggested that the balance of figures in movement and figures at rest is a 4 th -century BC legacy (Elderkin, 1939: 104). One of the major funerary monuments of this era, the “Mausoleum” at Halikarnassos, for example, has friezes full of action and still figures standing among its columns (Mansel, 1999: 424- 429). Among the columnar sarcophagi with hunting scenes, the Athens A1 (Fig. 86), Istanbul A (Selefkeh) (Fig. 22) and Istanbul I sarcophagi show the hunter on a horse with an attendant next to him, and they occupy one of the short sides. On the other hand, the Istanbul B and Hierapolis A sarcophagi have the hunting scene on their long sides as with the Antakya Sarcophagus. However, the hunting scene of the Istanbul B (Sidemara) Sarcophagus (Fig. 23) does not only occupy one of the long sides, but also one of the short sides. Moreover, on this example, the sides with the hunting scenes are not a “standard type”, but an “arcaded type” with continuous arches, unlike the two other sides. The common point between Istanbul B and the Antakya Sarcophagus is that they both depict a lion-hunt, an unusual theme on Asiatic columnar sarcophagi, which make the two examples exceptional. The sarcophagus which is most similar to the Antakya sarcophagus with respect to the composition of the hunting scene is Hierapolis A (Fig. 87). This example is unfortunately very fragmentary and is reproduced in C. Morey’s catalogue only as a drawing (Morey, 1924: fig. 31). The hunter in the middle is mounted on a horse about to strike the prey, and he is flanked by four attendants (Wiegartz, 1965: 156). However, the prey is a boar instead of a lion. 58
Other than the hunting side, the other sides of Hierapolis A were probably similar to those of the Antakya Sarcophagus as well, although the fragmentary nature of this example has caused some dispute among scholars regarding the exact identification of the figures. For example, there is a nude heroized male in the middle aedicula of the second long side, a common point with the Antakya Sarcophagus. It is not clear however, whether he is flanked by four females, or two females and two males (Wiegartz, 1965: 156). There is also a tomb-portal on one of the short sides of Hierapolis A, but it is again disputed whether the figures flanking the portal are two females, or a male and a female (Wiegartz, 1965: 156). On the other short side, the identification is clear, there is a female in the middle flanked by two males, again a similar point to the Antakya Sarcophagus (Wiegartz, 1965: 156). The fragmentary nature of the Hierapolis A, unfortunately, does not allow us to compare it with the Antakya Sarcophagus with respect to architectural ornamentation and thus suggest the relative chronology for the two examples. Thus, we will have to be content with the compositional similarity of them. 59
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To My Family and Uğraş Uzun
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APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have
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ÖZET ANTAKYA LAHDİ: BEZEK UNSURLA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.........
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CHAPTER VI: DATING.................
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LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Map of Roma
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Fig. 35. Map of Ancient Antioch. (K
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Fig. 68. Sarcophagus from Via Amend
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Fig. 101. Diadora. 140-30 BC. Delos
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Antakya
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Antakya sarcophagus is proposed and
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Matz’s unfinished “Corpus der A
Page 25 and 26: described the Iznik S (Iznik- Nikai
Page 27 and 28: Fittschen and W. Trillmich are toge
Page 29 and 30: The question of who owned the marbl
Page 31 and 32: Other evidence for the high price o
Page 33 and 34: specially for carrying marble, whic
Page 35 and 36: The columnar sarcophagi were, there
Page 37 and 38: type” (Morey, 1924: 29). This typ
Page 39 and 40: certainly makes sense, given their
Page 41 and 42: Indeed, G.W. Elderkin compares the
Page 43 and 44: the barracks today strengthens this
Page 45 and 46: The necklace found in the sarcophag
Page 47 and 48: During the joint reign of Gallienus
Page 49 and 50: 4.3 Dimensions The dimensions of th
Page 51 and 52: A (Selefkeh) (Lawrence, 1958: 289).
Page 53 and 54: standing in the bays are at the sam
Page 55 and 56: The rear side of the sarcophagus is
Page 57 and 58: On the inner-acroteria of the lunet
Page 59 and 60: 4.4.6 Lid The lid is composed of tw
Page 61 and 62: corner (Fig. 66) has slimmer propor
Page 63 and 64: ight leg, and the left leg is at ea
Page 65 and 66: 4.5.2 Right Side The right side is
Page 67 and 68: low relief. The right forefoot of t
Page 69 and 70: and the left hand are entirely invi
Page 71 and 72: him. The boundary between his left
Page 73 and 74: waist level. She has calcei on her
Page 75: position. He is wearing a chiton an
Page 79 and 80: west allegedly after the aristocrac
Page 81 and 82: 1999: 144). On the other hand, the
Page 83 and 84: he and his wife his wife Julia Domn
Page 85 and 86: inging offerings to stelae, with or
Page 87 and 88: “Gates of Hades” through which
Page 89 and 90: The seated and standing male figure
Page 91 and 92: similar to that of the Antakya Sarc
Page 93 and 94: Hunting acquired a different signif
Page 95 and 96: theme on these sarcophagi, on Istan
Page 97 and 98: 1939: 110). Another suggestion is t
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER VI DATING Proposing a date
Page 101 and 102: stylistic grounds difficult. The ch
Page 103 and 104: Crassus (Morey, 1924: 15). This sug
Page 105 and 106: the Antakya Sarcophagus (on the cen
Page 107 and 108: portal of the Antakya Sarcophagus.
Page 109 and 110: portrait characters and they may ha
Page 111 and 112: and the deep strong drill work appl
Page 113 and 114: craftsmen and the inspirations for
Page 115 and 116: early 3rd centuries must be studied
Page 117 and 118: Bland, R.F. 1996. “The Developmen
Page 119 and 120: Herz, N., and D.B. Wenner. 1981.
Page 121 and 122: Morwood, J. 1994. The Pocket Oxford
Page 123 and 124: Waelkens, M. 1982. Dokimeion: Die W
Page 125 and 126: FIGURES 107
Page 127 and 128:
Fig. 2. Distribution map of Phrygia
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Fig. 4. Rome B (Torre Nova) Sarcoph
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Fig. 6. Antalya M (Herakles Sarcoph
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Fig. 8. Melfi Sarcophagus. 160-70 A
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Fig. 10. The Nereid Monument. c.390
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Fig. 12. Reconstruction of the Hero
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Fig. 15. The scaenae frons of the t
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Fig. 17. Marble cornice from the th
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Fig. 20. “Mourning Women Sarcopha
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Fig. 22. Istanbul A (Selefkeh) Sarc
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Fig. 24. Iznik Sarcophagus. Late He
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Fig. 26. Drawing of the front side
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Fig. 28. Drawing of the right side
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Fig. 30. Drawing of the rear side o
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Fig. 32. Drawing of the left side o
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Fig.4. Map of the Antioch Excavatio
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Fig. 36. Plan of Antioch in 1931 dr
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Fig. 38. Gold earrings from the Ant
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Fig. 44. Roman copy of Doryphoros f
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Fig. 48. Column capital of the Melf
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Fig. 52. Detail of the first bay of
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Fig. 56. The corner figure of the r
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Fig. 60. Lid on the right side of t
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Fig. 63. Right part of the lid on t
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Fig. 68. Sarcophagus from Via Amend
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Fig. 71. Figure E on the Antakya Sa
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Fig. 75. Figure J1, J2, and K on th
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Fig. 80. Figure S on the Antakya Sa
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Fig. 86. Reconstruction of the Athe
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Fig. 88. Cremating and inhuming are
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Fig. 90. Panel from triumphal arch
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Fig. 94. South frieze of the Ara Pa
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Fig. 97. Lid of the Sarcophagus of
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Fig. 99. Large and Small Herculaneu
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Fig. 102. Chrysippos, Stoic. Origin
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Fig. 107. Satrap Sarcophagus from t
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Fig. 109. Lid of an Etruscan sarcop
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Fig. 111. Detail of the architectur
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Fig. 115. Detail of the architectur
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Fig. 119. The Adana Sarcophagus. c.
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Fig. 122. Melos Aphrodite. 2 nd cen
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Fig. 124. Bust of Queen Cleopatra V
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