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THE PRACTICES THAT HELP ACHIEVE THE GOALS Suggestion for further reading and research www.aish.com/literacy/lifecycle/what_is_circumcision$.asp Bar Mitzvah Literally meaning a ‘son of the commandment’, Bar Mitzvah is the term given to a boy when he reaches Jewish religious maturity, which in Jewish law takes place for boys at the age of thirteen. This is when he becomes a full member of the community. From this time onwards he becomes personally responsible for observing the commandments which incorporate his entire religious behaviour. However, this does not mean that his parents no longer continue to encourage, teach and advise him how to behave. Of course they do, and he should continue to respect them and follow their good advice and teaching. The boy is initiated into the ranks of the community by fulfilling two mitzvot which, as a minor, he was not obliged to do. These commandments are putting on tefillin during weekday morning prayers and being called up to perform the reading of the Law (the Torah scroll) in synagogue. The Bar Mitzvah boy will receive instruction in putting on tefillin, and in reading and singing a portion from the Five Books of Moses (the weekly sidra) and from the Prophets (the haftarah, a passage that has a similar theme to the weekly sidra). This involves a lot of practice. A Bar Mitzvah boy does not have to read his portion on a Saturday. After he has reached the age of thirteen years and a day he may be called up to read the Torah on a Monday or a Thursday, the two other days of the week when the Torah is read in synagogue, whichever is closest to his birthday. If he does this, he may be called up again on the following Shabbat. This is the boy’s first public reading of the Torah and is a celebratory family occasion. Most Bar Mitzvah celebrations take place on the Shabbat after the boy’s thirteenth birthday. Many friends and relatives will come to the synagogue to hear him. Several male relatives and friends will be honoured by being called to recite a blessing or participate in the service in some other way. The rabbi usually addresses the Bar Mitzvah boy in his sermon and congratulates him. Bar Mitzvah celebrations take place any time after the service and can take many forms, e.g. a meal or a party. Celebrations may be left till after Shabbat in keeping with the Shabbat laws, since, for example, playing a 80 RMPS: WORLD RELIGIONS – JUDAISM (INT 2, H) © Learning and Teaching Scotland
THE PRACTICES THAT HELP ACHIEVE THE GOALS musical instrument is not allowed on Shabbat. The Bar Mitzvah boy receives presents from his family and friends. It is important to understand that such a celebration, though memorable, is of secondary importance; boys become Bar Mitzvah whether they have a celebration or not. As a male adult, the Bar Mitzvah boy can now be counted as a member of the minyan which is required for public prayers; he is now obliged to fully observe the fast days; and he may be called up to the reading of the Torah in synagogue at any time. Bat Mitzvah Literally meaning a ‘daughter of the commandment’, Bat Mitzvah is a term given to a girl when she reaches Jewish adulthood and is a recent religious custom. Judaism accepts that girls mature earlier than boys and sets this at twelve years. This is when a girl reaches religious maturity and is responsible for observing the commandments. Though girls do not have required mitzvot to perform when they reach adulthood, they too are now obliged to fully observe the fast days. Whilst they can celebrate the day on which they attain personal responsibility in their faith, unlike boys who reach the age of thirteen and are expected to study and learn for their Bar Mitzvah, there is no such obligation for girls, though they may do so. There are various ways in which this can take place. The girl may speak about the sidra or the significance of the actual day, after the morning Shabbat service; or she may make a speech about a theme from the Torah on a Shabbat afternoon, to the congregation. This will display her knowledge of Judaism and is likely to be the product of attending special classes on Jewish Studies. Orthodox Judaism does not allow women to read the Torah or Haftarah, or to lead prayers. The rabbi may additionally address the Bat Mitzvah girl and congratulate her. The Bat Mitzvah girl will receive gifts from friends and family members. Bat Chayil Literally meaning a ‘daughter of worth’, a Bat Chayil (pr. ‘ch’ as in ‘loch’ – heye-eel) is an alternative to a Bat Mitzvah and is sometimes identical, the two terms being interchangeable. Whilst practices vary from community to community, this ceremony commonly takes place on a Sunday in the synagogue and the girl, or a group of girls, reads in RMPS: WORLD RELIGIONS – JUDAISM (INT 2, H) 81 © Learning and Teaching Scotland
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Religious, Moral and Philosophical
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CONTENTS Introduction 1 Section 1:
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INTRODUCTION Using these support ma
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SECTION 1 JUDAISM - AN OVERVIEW The
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JUDAISM - AN OVERVIEW that commemor
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SECTION 2 What does it mean to be h
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The concept and image of God THE HU
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THE HUMAN CONDITION He had already
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Creation THE HUMAN CONDITION Jews b
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Shabbat THE HUMAN CONDITION God res
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THE HUMAN CONDITION of the Torah, c
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Suggestions for further reading and
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THE HUMAN CONDITION Yet, even in ju
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SECTION 3 Yetzer Harah and Yetzer T
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THE CAUSE OF THE HUMAN CONDITION Su
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Suffering is at times inexplicable
Page 33 and 34: SECTION 4 THE GOALS The meaning of
Page 35 and 36: THE GOALS The Shema is the most imp
Page 37 and 38: THE GOALS The meaning of obedience
Page 39 and 40: THE GOALS Activity 17 1. Give the r
Page 43 and 44: Activity 18 1. Read the Ten Command
Page 47 and 48: THE GOALS rest is commentary. Go an
Page 49 and 50: The importance of repentance Repent
Page 51 and 52: Rosh Hashanah THE GOALS Rosh Hashan
Page 53 and 54: Source THE GOALS For the sin that w
Page 55 and 56: 3. Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur are
Page 57 and 58: SECTION 5 The concept of the Messia
Page 59 and 60: Olam ha-Bah THE FINAL AIM OF EXISTE
Page 61 and 62: THE FINAL AIM OF EXISTENCE Genesis
Page 63 and 64: SECTION 6 The Torah THE MEANS Torah
Page 65 and 66: THE MEANS The prophetic writings al
Page 67 and 68: The Ten Commandments THE MEANS The
Page 69 and 70: Activity 26 THE MEANS (a) Categoris
Page 71 and 72: THE MEANS fifth century these were
Page 73 and 74: A page from the Talmud (see Activit
Page 75 and 76: THE MEANS Theoretically, the term h
Page 77 and 78: SECTION 7 Moral and social responsi
Page 79 and 80: THE PRACTICES THAT HELP ACHIEVE THE
Page 83: Rites of passage and education Brit
Page 89 and 90: APPENDIX Glossary APPENDIX Amidah:
Page 91 and 92: APPENDIX Tanakh: the term for the H
Page 93 and 94: Useful addresses J E Levingstone (f
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RMPS - Int2/Higher - World Religions - Judaism - Education Scotland

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