Dryandra Woodland - Department of Environment and Conservation ...

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in contrast to Phytophthora and Armillaria where the fungi infect plant roots and gradually starve the plant. The range of plants affected appears to be wide, with many Banksia and Eucalyptus species (including Wandoo) having been found to be infected. The geographical range of these fungi currently extends from Eneabba to Hopetoun, encompassing Dryandra Woodland where the canker Botryosphaeria ribis is present (B. Shearer pers comm.). ISSUES • Phytophthora, Armillaria and canker disease fungi infections have been found in Dryandra Woodland. These diseases have the potential to impact on Dryandra, not only in terms of the loss of plant diversity and abundance, but also through the loss of food sources and habitats of fauna. • Stringent dieback disease hygiene practices need to be carried out for all activities involving the movement of soil, particularly the maintenance of tracks. OBJECTIVES • Prevent, as far as practicable, the introduction of plant diseases into disease-free areas. • Control or, if practicable, eradicate plant diseases likely to cause major environmental problems. STRATEGIES 1. Continue to follow, in all operations, the hygiene practices given in the CALM Dieback Hygiene Manual. Develop new procedures as necessary. 2. Continue plan disease surveys of Dryandra to identify and then isolate diseased areas. Redevelop or close any access tracks (vehicular, horse or pedestrian) that passes through inundated, infected or high risk areas. 3. Consider provision of footbaths (containing fungicide) at the entrances to walk tracks that traverse dieback disease susceptible plant communities. 4. Consider temporary closure of tracks when the risk of disease spread is high, for example, after significant summer rainfall. 5. Inform and educate Woodland users about plant diseases and the need to stay on well-formed roads or tracks. Include dieback hygiene information in each Settlement hut. 6. Ensure staff associated with Dryandra are trained in plant disease recognition, sampling and management techniques. Research and Monitoring 69
7. Monitor known fungal disease infections. Develop a comprehensive description of each infection, including information on species affected, vegetation association, infection area, rate of spread, soil profile, topography and threat to ground and surface waters. Use this information to update predicted hazard ratings for vegetation associations in the Woodland. 8. Investigate possible disease control and eradication procedures, while ensuring that they do not place other areas or values at risk. 19. FIRE BACKGROUND Introduction The management of fire in Dryandra will need to be flexible to achieve the multiple objectives of management. During the term of this Plan there will be an on-going requirement for the protection of life, property, and the commercial Brown Mallet plantations, and an increasing emphasis upon the maintenance of habitat and species diversity. Fire History We do not have a complete understanding of the fire regimes of the wheatbelt area prior to European settlement. In other south-west areas, however, especially the coastal plain, it is well known that Aboriginal people used fire to modify their environment and increase the availability of food resources. This activity has commonly been termed fire stick farming. The object of fire stick fanning in wooded areas was probably to favour or attract game, and to improve access to food sources such as rivers and swamps (Hallam 1985). The present vegetation types have evolved under a fire regime that was influenced by Aboriginal burning and occasional lightning fires. Since records have been kept, there have been very few wildfires which have started in Dryandra. Of the nine wildfires started in Dryandra between 1938 and 1985, the largest burnt 260 ha of the Woodland and the average area burnt was 40 ha. Clearing for farmland has led to further fragmentation and a reduction in the area of native vegetation over this period (see Map 2). To date, no wildfire has burnt out of Dryandra into private property. Over this same period, there were approximately 69 wildfires in surrounding farmland within a 20 km radius of Dryandra fire tower. The period 1946-1970 was the worst in terms of numbers of wildfires and total area burnt by wildfire. This was due to the clearing of vegetation and associated burning which took place after the Second World War. There have been considerably fewer wildfires since the 1970s following the reduction in land clearing. These records suggest that Dryandra is under greater threat from wildfires burning into the Woodland than vice versa, and that the fire risk is lower than for the forests in higher rainfall areas of 70
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DRYANDRA WOODLAND MANAGEMENT PLAN 1
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The planning team
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Map 1 Locality iv
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Mallet (a source of tannins) was a
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A range of access will continue to
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE _________
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PRINCIPAL MANAGEMENT DIRECTIONS 1.
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Map 2. Remnant Vegetation outside D
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Changes in Use and Management Since
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natural bush north of Narrogin sati
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4. GEOLOGY, LANDFORMS AND SOILS BAC
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3. The supply of domestic quality w
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• the exotic plant species along
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south coast national parks of Fitzg
Page 32 and 33: - Ensure that a record of the locat
Page 34 and 35: Twenty-four species of native mamma
Page 36 and 37: • The movement of biota between i
Page 38 and 39: CULTURAL RESOURCES 9. ABORIGINAL HE
Page 40 and 41: STRATEGIES - Identify Noongar peopl
Page 42 and 43: After 1959, the amount of mallet ba
Page 44 and 45: - Dryandra will be managed to attra
Page 46: 10. Retain all vehicle access to pr
Page 50 and 51: 1. Redesign, modify and manage recr
Page 52 and 53: STRATEGY 1. Ensure all buildings, e
Page 54 and 55: 1. Provide a variety of opportuniti
Page 56 and 57: Currently, the only walking track i
Page 58 and 59: 1. Camping areas need to be shelter
Page 60 and 61: 13.6 SWIMMING BACKGROUND The Congel
Page 62 and 63: 2. Ensure orienteering, rogaining a
Page 64 and 65: 3. Exclude competitive horse riding
Page 66 and 67: as such, provides the area with a s
Page 68 and 69: 3. Encourage and facilitate commerc
Page 70 and 71: In Dryandra, natural mallet stands
Page 72 and 73: The inventory also revealed that ma
Page 74 and 75: LONG TERM VISION No bushland in agr
Page 76 and 77: 8. outline revegetation prescriptio
Page 78 and 79: 16. APICULTURE BACKGROUND Commercia
Page 80 and 81: the Environmental Protection Act (1
Page 84 and 85: the south-west. This is despite Dry
Page 86 and 87: - long-unburnt vegetation (fuel dat
Page 88 and 89: circumstances it is considered by C
Page 92 and 93: 20. WEEDS BACKGROUND A weed is defi
Page 94 and 95: 5. Remove exotic and non-local tree
Page 96 and 97: Feral animal biology and control is
Page 98 and 99: • The major roads in Dryandra wil
Page 100 and 101: 6. Liaise with mining companies, go
Page 102 and 103: Programs will complement related th
Page 104 and 105: interest. The community benefits fr
Page 106 and 107: Inventory, research and monitoring
Page 108 and 109: Table 6. Summary of inventory, -res
Page 110 and 111: local authorities and Government de
Page 112 and 113: REFERENCES Australia ICOMOS (1988)
Page 114 and 115: Forests Department (198 1) Land use
Page 116 and 117: Saunders, D. A. (1989) Changes in t
Page 118 and 119: Conservation Codes R. Declared Rare
Page 120: Appendix 2 Crown Land outside the D
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