12: Adjunct Proceedings - Automotive User Interfaces and ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

hierarchically nested functions is no longer possible. This might lead to longer task completion times and—depending on the visualization—might increase visual distraction. The introduction of new electronic consumer devices like smart phones and game consoles has brought with it new ways of interacting with computers and embedded devices. Thus, a growing number of people today are used to interacting with touch-sensitive devices (touchscreens and touchpads) and many have some first-hand experience with speech technologies. Within HCI research, “natural user interfaces” (NUIs) 0 have become a fruitful research topic encompassing multi-touch and full body gestures, conversational dialogs and affective systems, among many others. The introduction of computer vision-based tracking technology like the Kinect for Xbox 360 1 and natural speech systems like Apple’s Siri 2 has extended the interaction space for consumer devices. Inspired by these developments, the question arises whether these interaction techniques might also be suitable for automotive UIs. Although some early research has been carried out in the automotive context (e.g., [1], [5], [7], [9]), only some basic touch- and voice-activated interfaces have found their way into deployed in-vehicle systems so far. Gestural and multimodal interfaces are not yet broadly deployed. As they might facilitate the execution of secondary or tertiary tasks without increasing driver distraction, the integration of such interfaces is of particular interest (e.g., [6]). Additionally, natural user interfaces have the potential to enhance the user experience. Designing experiences with these user interfaces can address and fulfill psychological needs of the user while interacting with the car (e.g., [3]). The resulting emotional attachment to the car can ease the acceptance of a system and avoid disuse. Considering the daily drive times mentioned above, the user experience offered by automotive computer systems is likely to gain prominence in the car-buying decision. Besides integrating these technologies into the car in general, we must also be concerned with how potential new interaction techniques are designed and evaluated. How can individual NUI technologies be used, and how might they be combined in new and interesting ways to foster the overall user experience? 2. OBJECTIVES This workshop addresses the following issues: • Generating an overview of which (natural) user interfaces are already used in the car and how they might be used in the future. • Concepts for future multimodal interactions in the car. • Automotive user interface frameworks and toolkits • Looking into special sub-domains: the driver, the co-driver, the backseat area, or connection to the outside.. • Understanding the definition of “natural” for different users. What are the differences across generations, cultures, and driving habits (occasional drivers vs. professional drivers)? • Understanding how NUIs can be used in the automotive domain: do they replace or rather augment other interfaces? • Discussion of potential issues of bringing NUIs into the car. 1 http://www.xbox.com/kinect 2 http://www.apple.com/iphone/features/siri.html 38 Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '12), October 17–19, 2012, Portsmouth, NH, USA • Researching the relevance of traditional UX factors to the automotive NUI context • Researching how UX factors might motivate the integration of new NUIs into the car. • New concepts for in-car user interfaces enhancing UX and experience design in the car • Multimedia interfaces, in-car entertainment, in-car gaming • Future trends: the ubiquitous car in a mobile society 3. OUTCOMES We have identified the potential for a fruitful continuation of our 1 st workshop on Automotive Natural User Interfaces [8]. We want to give researchers and practitioners the possibility to discuss the ways of integrating NUIs into the car and measuring the “naturalness” of their designs. We think that it is furthermore necessary to identify challenges related to understanding and addressing users’ psychological and affective needs with respect to automotive user experiences. We expect that the coverage of these topics will further participants’ understanding of the role of NUIs in the car, and that workshop outcomes advancing automotive NUIs will more broadly advance the entire discipline of automotive user experience. 4. REFERENCES [1] Althoff, F., Lindl, R., Walchshäusl, L. 2006. Robust Multimodal Hand- and Head Gesture Recognition for controlling Automotive Infotainment Systems. VDI-Tagung - Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert, VDI. [2] Geiser, G. Man Machine Interaction in Vehicles. 1985. ATZ 87, 74–77. [3] Hassenzahl, M. Experience Design. 2010. Technology for All the Right Reasons. Synthesis Lectures on Human- Centered Informatics, 3, 1, 1–95. [4] Kern, D., Schmidt, A. 2009. Design space for driver-based automotive user interfaces. In Proc. AutomotiveUI '09. ACM, New York, NY, 3–10. [5] Lindl, R., Schwartz, J., Walchshäusl, L. 2002. Erkennen von Kopfgesten in Videosequenzen, Interdisziplinäres Projekt (IDP). [6] Norman, D. A. 2004. Emotional Design: Why We Love (or Hate) Everyday Things. Basic Books, New York, NY, p. 248. [7] Pfleging, B., Kienast, M., Schmidt, A., Döring, T.: SpeeT: A Multimodal Interaction Style Combining Speech and Touch Interaction in Automotive Environments. In Adjunct Proc. AutomotiveUI ’11 (Salzburg, Austria, November 30 – December 02, 2011). [8] Pfleging, B., Döring, T., Knobel, M., Schmidt, A.: A Workshop on Automotive Natural User Interfaces. In Proc. AutomotiveUI ’11 (Salzburg, Austria, November 30 – December 02, 2011). [9] Weinberg, G., Harsham, B., Forlines, C., and Medenica, Z. 2010. Contextual push-to-talk: shortening voice dialogs to improve driving performance. In Proc. MobileHCI '10. ACM, New York, NY, 113–122. [10] Wigdor, D. and Wixon, D. 2011. Brave NUI World : designing Natural User Interfaces for Touch and Gesture. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington, MA.
Eye-based head gestures for interaction in the car Diako Mardanbegi IT University of Copenhagen Rued Langgaards Vej 7, DK-2300 Copenhagen S +45 72 18 53 72 dima@itu.dk ABSTRACT In this paper we suggest using a new method for head gesture recognition in the automotive context. This method involves using only the eye tracker for measuring the head movements through the eye movements when the gaze point is fixed. It allows for identifying a wide range of head gestures that can be used as an alternative input in the multimodal interaction context. Two approaches are described for using this method for interaction with objects inside or outside the car. Some application examples are described where the discrete or continuous head movements in combination with the driver’s visual attention can be used for controlling the objects inside the car. Categories H.5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation (e.g., HCI)]: User Interfaces – Interaction styles (e.g., commands, menus, forms, direct manipulation). General Terms Human Factors; Measurement. Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '12), October 17–19, 2012, Portsmouth, NH, USA Keywords Gaze tracking; Head gesture; Interaction; Eye movements 1. INTRODUCTION In the last decades, automotive user interfaces have become more complex with much new functionality. Besides controlling the vehicle and operating the primary tasks (maneuvering the car e.g. controlling the speed or checking the distance to other cars), drivers need to interact with a variety of digital devices and applications in the car when driving. However, driver’s focus on driving, is still the primary task, and should have the highest priority. The other tasks should be as minimally distracting as possible for the safety reasons [11]. New interaction techniques like speech, touch, gesture recognition, and also gaze have found their way to be used for interaction with user interfaces in a multifunctional space like car. This paper proposes using eyebased head gestures as a potential technique for interaction with automotive user interfaces. Eye-based head gesture [13] is a technique for recognizing head gestures. It uses the driver’s gaze and eye tracking data for a) distinguishing the gestures from the natural head movements, b) for measuring the head gestures, and Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright held by author(s) AutomotiveUI'12, October 17-19, Portsmouth, NH, USA. Adjunct Proceedings. Dan Witzner Hansen IT University of Copenhagen Rued Langgaards Vej 7, DK-2300 Copenhagen S +45 72 18 50 88 witzner@itu.dk c) for using the driver’s intention in interaction with objects. Among the new interaction methods that have so far been studied in the automotive context, techniques like speech and head gestures have the advantage of providing a way for hands-free interaction. However, speech, and head gesture recognition often require a short explicit command like pushing a button before they can be used. Therefore, they can be used in multimodal interaction systems combined with the other input modes and help to minimize the amount of time that the driver's hand is off the steering wheel. Associated level of physical, visual, and mental workload should be considered when designing a user interface and thinking about the interaction with an automotive user interface [3]. There have been some studies that report that certain kinds of voice-activated interfaces impose inappropriately high cognitive loads and can negatively affect driving performance [5, 6]. The main reason is that we are still far from achieving high-performance automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. There are also some tasks like controlling radio volume, opening the window just slightly, continuously zoom or scrolling the map which are not intuitive operations to perform solely via speech-based interaction. Speech input cannot also be used when the environment is too noisy. In contrast, head gesture recognition is more reliable and can be a good alternative to speech input. Even if the number of different detected gestures is relatively small, they can be used as both continuous and discrete commands. Interaction by head gestures involves less driver’s cognitive load as it can use the natural human communication skills. However the head gesture recognition has been mostly concentrated on detecting head shakes and nods to communicate approval or rejection and as an intuitive alternative in any kind of yes/no decision of systeminitiated questions or option dialogs. On the other hand, much work has been done in driver fatigue detection, and a fatigue monitoring device have been studied as a tool that allow for implicit interaction between the car and the driver to improve driving safety [16]. Eye and the visual behaviors measured by a video-based eye tracker provide significant information about driver’s attention [14, 15] and the state of drowsiness and vigilance [18]. A video based eye tracker can also be used for recognizing head gestures using the eye and gaze information. It is possible to detect a wide range of head gestures as well as nods and shakes, which can be used for interaction. Head gestures can also be interpreted as different interaction commands by using the other modalities like gaze and intention proving an inferred interaction. The paper is organized as follows. Some related works are described in the next section. Then, eye-based head gesture and the interaction method are described. Some application scenarios 39
Page 1 and 2: Andrew'L.'Kun' Linda'Ng'Boyle' Brya
Page 3 and 4: Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th Inte
Page 7 and 8: ! AutomotiveUI+2012+ ! + + 4th+Inte
Page 13 and 14: ! AutomotiveUI+2012+ ! + + 4th+Inte
Page 19 and 20: ABSTRACT Situation-Aware Personaliz
Page 23 and 24: A Layout-based Estimation of Presen
Page 25 and 26: Erin Treacy Solovey MIT 77 Massachu
Page 37 and 38: Video camera Markam Eye-tracker dat
Page 39 and 40: Platform-Dependent GUI Android Widg
Page 41: Bastian Pfleging Institute for Visu
Page 57 and 58: Designing & Rapid Prototyping a Ges
Page 61 and 62: Emotional Adaptive Vehicle User Int
Page 63 and 64: interaction were included in the ta
Page 93 and 94:
Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th Inte
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Comparing Visual and Subjective Mea
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
On the track: Comparing Distraction
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
! Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th In
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
COPE1 - Incorporating Coping Strate
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Preface 123 Message from the Worksh
Page 129 and 130:
Preface 125 Workshop Organizers And
Page 131 and 132:
ABSTRACT “The Social Car”: Work
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Exploring Car-to-Car Communication
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Age and Gender Differences in the A
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
MobiliNet: A Social Network for Opt
Page 151 and 152:
Users • Calendar • Preferences
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
The AVACARS Project: Examining Cars
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Design challenges for the ‘Social
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
ABSTRACT Adjunct Proceedings of the
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
“Yes, Free Parking Lot App, No, I
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
List of Authors 171 List of Authors
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Human Factors for Connected Vehicle
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Chuan Shi University of Minnesota &
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
show all

12: Adjunct Proceedings - Automotive User Interfaces and ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?