12: Adjunct Proceedings - Automotive User Interfaces and ...

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adges and points for real world behavior can be used to make people try new things or to do things repeatedly. Psychological experiments in the area of educational and professional training have shown that the effect of gamification is triggered by introducing an emotional component [5]. Several examples demonstrate that gamification is working. For example, Foursquare1 uses the gamification elements ‘leaderboards’ and ‘badges’ in order to make people check-in into locations, such as stores, restaurants or outdoor locations. In addition, people like to share and compare the things they are doing. This is the basis of many social platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter or Google+. An example that combines gamification elements with ‘share and compare’ is Nike+ 2 . On Nike+, users have the ability to track, share and challenge with friends and other runners across the world. Game elements, such as challenges, badges, achievements and rewards create an engaging experience that enriches the real world activity. In the automotive domain, Ford’s MyFord3 is a first example of using game elements for deepening the relation to cars through gamification. Pfleging et al. have also addressed the issue that natural user interfaces can be challenging when they are used isolated in automotive environments [7]. For that reason, they have created the interactive system SpeeT that combines touch gestures with speech. Among other things, this system allows making opportunities for action visible to users. GAMIFICATION FOR NUI EXPLORATION Since humans like competing, winning, sharing and comparing, we want to bring up the usage of gamification for motivating users to explore functionality of NUIs for discussion. In the following, we have gathered some short thoughts about how such a system could be made up. The approach could be mainly based on two different types of awards. For more common functions that can be more easily accessed (for example, such that are placed in higher menu levels), a simple one time-awarded badge should be sufficient. This can be used as motivation for exploring little common things. However, the choice of functions for which badges are awarded should not include to many trivial things so that the user has the feeling that s/he is taken seriously. For actions that may be less known to many people, the system could use experience levels that rise with every n-th activation of a function. This would ensures that the users are motivated to use a function for several times. An example could be ‘changing the chassis configuration’ via the IVR system. In order to get an overview of what can be explored, the user should have an easy to access list showing all available badges and experience levels. This could, for example, be realized in DriveAssist by adding a little cup icon in the main menu. That way, the user can quickly identify what functions are still unexplored or could be explored more. In addition to 1 http://www.foursquare.com, last accessed August 14, 2012 2 http://nikeplus.nike.com/plus/, last accessed August 14, 2012. 3 http://social.ford.com/our-articles/cuvs/c-max/ eight-new-ford-badges-ready-to-be-grabbed/, last accessed September 3, 2012. 48 Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '12), October 17–19, 2012, Portsmouth, NH, USA 2 the awards, a short instruction should be accessible from the overview screen. An important factor for automotive applications is that the driver is not distracted by any non-driving related action. For that reason, it could be better not to directly award gathered badges or experience level-ups when the car is moving. For example, when the user activated a function while driving, the system could inform her/him about new awards when the car stops for the next time. In cases the car is standing still, the gained badge or experience level should be announced directly. In that way, the user’s memory can directly link the performed action with the activated functionality. In order to make use of the ‘share and compare’ motivation, the user’s social network accounts could be linked to the system. This would allow sharing new badges and experience level-ups directly with the user’s friends in real time. CONCLUSION Natural user interfaces are a great interaction approach. But in many cases, users do not see the opportunities for action. With our gamification-supported approach, we hope to provide enough motivation for the users to explore NUIs in the automotive domain. We are currently working on a preliminary concept of this feature and are planning to integrate it into DriveAssist in the near future. Afterwards, we plan to conduct a user study in order to analyse the effect of the gamification elements on the users’ behavior. REFERENCES 1. Deterding, S., Sicart, M., Nacke, L., O’Hara, K., and Dixon, D. Gamification: Using Game Design Elements in Non-Gaming Contexts. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA ’11, ACM (New York, NY, USA, 2011), 2425–2428. 2. Diewald, S., Leinmüller, T., Atanassow, B., Breyer, L.-P., and Kranz, M. Mobile Device Integration and Interaction with V2X Communication. In Proceedings of the 19th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, ITS (Oct. 2012). 3. Diewald, S., Möller, A., Roalter, L., and Kranz, M. Mobile Device Integration and Interaction in the Automotive Domain. In AutoNUI: Automotive Natural User Interfaces Workshop at the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI 2011) (Nov.–Dec. 2011). 4. Diewald, S., Möller, A., Roalter, L., and Kranz, M. DriveAssist - A V2X-Based Driver Assistance System for Android. In Automotive HMI Workshop at Mensch und Computer, MuC ’12 (Sept. 2012). 5. Landers, R. N., and Callan, R. C. Casual Social Games as Serious Games: The Psychology of Gamification in Undergraduate Education and Employee Training. In Serious Games and Edutainment Applications, M. Ma, A. Oikonomou, and L. C. Jain, Eds. Springer London, 2011, 399–423. 6. Norman, D. A. Natural user interfaces are not natural. interactions 17 (May 2010), 6–10. 7. Pfleging, B., Kienast, M., Schmidt, A., and Dring, T. SpeeT: A Multimodal Interaction Style Combining Speech and Touch Interaction in Automotive Environments. In Adjunct Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, AutomotiveUI 11 (2011). 8. Röckl, M., Frank, K., Strang, T., Kranz, M., Gacnik, J., and Schomerus, J. Hybrid Fusion Approach combining Autonomous and Cooperative Detection and Ranging Methods for Situation-aware Driver Assistance Systems. In Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2008. PIMRC 2008. IEEE 19th International Symposium on (Sept. 2008), 1–5.
Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '12), October 17–19, 2012, Portsmouth, NH, USA Experimenting Kinect interactions in the car Mario Chiesa Istituto Superiore Mario Boella via Boggio 61 10138 Torino chiesa@ismb.it ABSTRACT As an input device for pervasive computing, the Kinect perfectly fits into several scenarios and use cases. However, pervasive computing typically crafts services and experiences in a new fashion, splitting them into micro-interactions, that needs special attention for designing the best Kinect’s usability. We are exploring these new requirements into the car environment, with some insights that can be extended to other scenarios. Our experiments, after initial in-lab tests, are conceived within a new concept for a user interface and visualization for assistive driving. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.5.2 User Interfaces – Input devices and strategies Keywords Interaction design; Kinect; Natural user interfaces 1. INTRODUCTION Kinect was born originally as a motion sensing device for video games. Recently, Microsoft released a PC-version of the device, aiming to open the implementation of the interface into several other domains, potentially everywhere, and hopefully generating what Microsoft calls “The Kinect Effect” [1]. Kinect in games and in many other scenarios can be used in different ways. Typically the use cases and the context of interactions require users to interact with the system for a time that can last from few minutes to hours. The concepts of pervasive computing and pervasive interactions open up new scenarios where each interaction with the system, and therefore with the Kinect sensor, can last only few seconds. This rises up new requirements and needs, which we have tried to explore in a specific setting. 1.1 The pervasiveness of touchpoints In fact, pervasive scenarios redefine the human-computer interaction model and distribute services’ touchpoints throughout the whole people everyday experience: through spaces, along time and mindsets. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright held by author(s) AutomotiveUI'12, October 17-19, Portsmouth, NH, USA. Adjunct Proceedings Alessandro Branciforti Istituto Superiore Mario Boella via Boggio 61 10138 Torino branciforti@ismb.it For this reason, instead of having ‘sessions’ where users interact for an amount of time with a service, people have and will have more and more a series of single interactions with multiple services. It could be a simple status update about the tracking of an order, the selection of an option from a short list of alternatives, the request for a stock exchange index, the confirmation for a specific action (to sell stocks, buy a ticket, book a flight), etc. 1.2 Touchpoints for micro-interactions In other terms, people’s life will be more and more interrupted with and disseminated of several micro-interactions or microtransactions. These micro-transactions define all together the lifecycle of the service, which has to be designed and implemented for being ‘used’ and interacted through several platforms, in different contexts and mindsets. This has an immediate effect on the dynamics of each single interaction. They have to be fast, reliable, and simple. In one word: natural. So from this point of view, user interfaces like the Kinect fit well into these scenarios; however, having to be fast, reliable and simple, they introduce also some additional requirements, that have to be fulfilled. 2. PERVASIVE INTERACTIONS 2.1 A three-steps process To highlight the main focus of our paper, we introduce a simple model to describe the process through which an interaction with a service happens. In brief, every interaction (in a pervasive scenario, but this is true everywhere) can be roughly described as structured into three steps: An initial step, where the user is recognized by the system: it can be a login page, an identification system, or a sort of ‘wake-up’ for the touchpoint. A core step, where the user, once the contact is successfully established, interacts with the system or the service: it can be short and simple, like an on/off switch or the selection from an options’ list, or complex and longer like the management of the entire service. A final step, where the user can logout, or simply moves away from the touchpoint; this step can sometimes be an optional one: the user simply stops to interact with the system, without logging out or going away. 2.2 The three-steps process for Kinect When a user interacts with the Kinect, this is how typically the three steps are perceived by her/him: An initial step, where the user lets her/himself to be recognized by the system: ‘waving’ her/his hand in front 49
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