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traditionally placed in Zygomycota are distributed among Glomeromycota and several
subphyla incertae sedis, including Mucoromycotina, Entomophthoromycotina,
Kickxellomycotina, and Zoopagomycotina. Microsporidia are included in the Fungi, but no
further subdivision of the group is proposed. Several genera of “basal” Fungi of
uncertain position are not placed in any higher taxa, including Basidiobolus,
Caulochytrium, Olpidium, and Rozella.
Keywords: AFTOL, Eumycota, Lichens, Molecular phylogenetics, Mycota, Nomenclature,
Systematics
Introduction
The molecular revolution in fungal taxonomy commenced in the early 1990s, with
analyses of PCR-amplified ribosomal RNA genes (White et al. 1990). Today, fungal
molecular systematics is a mature discipline in which multi-locus datasets, extensive
taxon sampling, and rigorous analytical approaches are standard. To gain an overview
of the current state of the science it is only necessary to survey the recent “Deep Hypha”
issue of Mycologia (98(6), 2007 ["2006"]), which contains 21 phylogenetic studies, all of
which employ multiple genes to some extent (in some cases, multiple rRNA genes) and
that address broad relationships in every major group of Fungi (except Microsporidia).
Another recent milestone is the kingdom-level study of James et al. (2006), which used a
dataset of six genes (nuc-ssu, -lsu, and 5.8S rRNA, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1) sampled in nearly
200 species from every major clade of Fungi (including Microsporidia).
As the broad outlines of fungal phylogeny have come into focus, there have been
repeated attempts to summarize the state of knowledge and to restructure higher-level
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