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Order: Entomophthorales G. Winter, Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 1(1): 74 (1880). Exemplar genera: Entomophthora Fresen. 1856, Ballocephala Drechsler 1951, Conidiobolus Bref. 1884, Entomophaga Batko 1964, Neozygites Witlaczil 1885. Subphylum: Zoopagomycotina Benny, subphylum nov. MycoBank no.: MB 501283 Fungi endo- vel ectoparasitici microanimalium vel fungorum. Corpus vegetativum ex thallo simplici ramoso vel nonramoso vel mycelio nonseptato plus minusve extense ramoso constans. Ectoparasitae haustoria intra hospitem formantes. Reproductio asexualis arthrosporis, chlamydosporis vel sporangiolis uni- vel multisporis perfecta; sporangiosporae sporangiolorum multispororum in catenenis (merosporangiis) simplicibus vel ramosis dispositae. Reproductio sexualis zygosporis paene globosis perfacitur; hyphae sexuales hyphis vegetativis similes vel plus minusve ampliatae. Typus: Zoopage Drechsler 1935. Endo- or ectoparasites of microanimals and fungi. Vegetative body consisting of a simple, branched or unbranched thallus or more of less extensively branched mycelium. Ectoparasites forming haustoria inside the host. Asexual reproduction by arthrospores, chlamydospores or uni- or multispored sporangiola; sporangiospores of multispored sporangiola formed in simple or branched chains (merosporangia). Sexual reproduction by nearly globose zygospores; sexual hyphae similar to the vegetative hyphae or more or less enlarged. The description of this group is based mostly on the validating description for the Zoopagales by Benjamin (1979), except that arthrospores have been added, based on Barron’s (1975) report of arthrospores in Helicocephalum Thaxt. 1891. Order: Zoopagales Bessey ex R. K. Benj., in Kendrick (ed.), Whole Fungus 2: 590 (1979). 26
Synonym: Zoopagales Bessey, Morph. Tax, Fungi : 177 (1950), nomen nudum. Exemplar genera: Cochlonema Drechsler 1935, Rhopalomyces Corda 1839, Piptocephalis de Bary 1865, Sigmoideomyces Thaxt. 1891, Syncephalis Tiegh. & G. Le Monn. 1873, Zoopage Drechsler 1935. Subphylum: Kickxellomycotina Benny, subphylum nov. MycoBank no.: MB 501284 Fungi saprotrophici vel mycoparasitici vel obligate symbiotici. Thallus in nonnullis generibus e tenaculo fungos alios parasitans et haustoriis penetrans; mycelium septatum, ramosum vel simplex; septa in medio excavata et obturata. Reproductio asexualis merosporangiis uni- vel bisporis vel trichosporis vel arthrosporis effecta. Reproductio sexualis zygosporis globosis, biconicis vel allantoideis circinatis effecta. Typus: Kickxella Coem. 1862. Fungi saprobes, mycoparasites, or obligate symbionts. Thallus arising from a holdfast on other fungi as a haustorial parasite, or branched, septate, subaerial hyphae. Mycelium branched or unbranched, regularly septate. Septa with median, disciform cavities containing plugs. Asexual production by 1- or 2-spored merosporangia, trichospores, or arthrospores. Sexual reproduction by zygospores that are globose, biconical, or allantoid and coiled. Order: Kickxellales Kreisel ex R. K. Benj., in Kendrick (ed.), Whole Fungus 2: 610 (1979). Synonym: Kickxellales Kreisel, Grundz. nat. Syst. Pilze: 65 (1969), nomen nudum. Exemplar genera: Kickxella Coem. 1862, Coemansia Tiegh. & G. Le Monn. 1873, Linderina Raper & Fennell 1952, Spirodactylon R.K. Benj. 1959. 27
Page 1 and 2: Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for M
Page 3 and 4: Cover Letter February 8, 2007 Dr. D
Page 5 and 6: A higher-level phylogenetic classif
Page 7 and 8: 18 Institute of Applied Ecology, Ch
Page 9 and 10: 47 Systematic Mycology and Lichenol
Page 11 and 12: classifications. Two important work
Page 13 and 14: promote communication and awareness
Page 15 and 16: summarized in Tables 1-3, which lis
Page 17 and 18: Pucciniomycotina, and Ustilaginomyc
Page 19 and 20: Many of the citations and authoriti
Page 21 and 22: Class: Chytridiomycetes Caval.-Sm.,
Page 23 and 24: ibosomal aggregation, and rumposome
Page 25 and 26: Synonym: Allomycetes Caval.-Sm., Bi
Page 27 and 28: Order: Paraglomerales C. Walker & A
Page 29: Fungi pathogenici obligate animalib
Page 33 and 34: Unicellular or filamentous Fungi, l
Page 35 and 36: Class: Pneumocystidomycetes O. E. E
Page 37 and 38: Order: Dothideales Lindau, in Engle
Page 39 and 40: Lichenized, parasitic, and saprobic
Page 41 and 42: Order: Onygenales Cif. ex Benny & K
Page 43 and 44: vel infirme ramosae, septatae, medi
Page 45 and 46: Exemplar genera: Coccocarpia Pers.
Page 47 and 48: Lecanoromycetes incertae sedis (not
Page 49 and 50: Based on current character and taxo
Page 51 and 52: Order: Coronophorales Nannf., Nova
Page 53 and 54: Order: Coniochaetales Huhndorf, A.
Page 55 and 56: Exemplar genera: Huangshania O. E.
Page 57 and 58: Order: Cystobasidiales R. Bauer, Be
Page 59 and 60: Exemplar genera: Microbotryum Lév.
Page 61 and 62: Class: Ustilaginomycetes R. Bauer,
Page 63 and 64: Emend. Bauer, Oberwinkler & Vánky,
Page 65 and 66: Order: Cystofilobasidiales Fell, Ro
Page 67 and 68: Order: Agaricales Underw., Moulds,
Page 69 and 70: phylogenetics of Cantharellales. An
Page 71 and 72: cylindrical or suballantoid, with t
Page 73 and 74: subicular hyphae with or without am
Page 75 and 76: REFERENCES 1 Adl SM, Simpson AGB, F
Page 77 and 78: Begerow D, Bauer R, Oberwinkler F,
Page 79 and 80: Clements FE, Shear CL. 1931. The Ge
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Galagan JE, Henn MR, Ma L-J, Cuomo
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Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota). Molec
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Keeling PJ, 2003. Congruent evidenc
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Lindau G, 1896. Hysteriineae. In: E
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Margulis L, Corliss JO, Melkonian M
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Nannfeldt JA, 1932. Studien über d
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Sampaio JP, Gadanho M, Bauer R, Wei
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Sugiyama J, Hosaka K, Suh S-O, 2007
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Glomeromycota. Mycological Research
Page 100 and 101:
Sordariomycetes systematics: An ove
Page 102 and 103:
MICROSPORIDIA Kickxellales Dimargar
Page 104 and 105:
Agaricostilbales Agaricostilbomycet
Page 106 and 107:
James et al. (2007) lsu, ssu, 5.8S
Page 108 and 109:
Table 2. Support for major groups o
Page 110 and 111:
MPbs < 50 SC Dothideomycetidae Scho
Page 112 and 113:
4 Bpp = 1.00 MLbs = 100 WPbs > 70 9
Page 114 and 115:
pb2, tef1 MLbs = 93 Bpp = 1.00 Miad
Page 116 and 117:
Reeb et al. (2004, fig. 1) lsu, ssu
Page 118 and 119:
tef1 WPbs = 96 MLbs = 90 Bpp = 1.00
Page 120 and 121:
Bpp = 1.00 Miller & Huhndorf (2005,
Page 122 and 123:
Table 3. Support for major groups o
Page 124 and 125:
Sampaio (2004, fig. 1) lsu 7 Bpp =
Page 126 and 127:
O Ustilaginales Matheny et al. (200
Page 128 and 129:
pb2, tef1 MPbs = 50-69 Fell et al.
Page 130:
Larsson et al. (2007, fig. 3) lsu,
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