DOLOMITES - Annexes 2-8 - Provincia di Udine

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NOMINATION OF THE DOLOMITES FOR INSCRIPTION ON THE WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE LIST UNESCO 34 caused by different reactions based on the type of paleoenvironment. A significant drop in sea level caused intense erosion. The flood plains formed by tangled streams and carried eroded detritus from the highest elevations of the islands into the sea. In the sands of these ancient beaches, between rain drops and traces of insects, the animal tracks from the dinosaurs’ predecessors remained impressed: a few are among the best ever to be found. These detritus accumulated in many areas of the Dolomites in the form of thick, red sandy mounds and whitish piles (Voltago Conglomerate). This unit is prevalently formed by rounded polygenic clasts with alternating sandstones, reddish arenaceous dolomites, gray laminate calcisiltstones and pelites; towards the top there are fine arenites, polychromatic micaceous quartzitic silts and gray arenaceous-silty limestones (often bioturbated) that form the transition to the overlying Recoaro and Dont Formations. The lower boundary of the Voltago Conglomerate is sharp and erosive, it is possible to observe an angular unconformity that causes the unit to rest on older formations (from the Monte Rite to the Werfen Formations). In the area of Monte Pore (the Pelmo Nuvolau system) deep incisions tens of meters deep can be seen (Blendinger, 1983) and interpreted as incised valleys. The depositional environment, Voltago Conglomerate, can be interpreted as a continental deposit that was transported by braided-rivers (Pisa et alii, 1979). The coastal plain facies consists of marine incursions, and then by marginal marine facies, as documented by ripples, flaser- and wavy-bedding facies – a testimony to a tidal influx, and by the presence of marine fossils a unusual associations of trace fossils. Following this erosional phase the entire Dolomites experienced a new submersion phase and marine conditions were established in the whole region. In many areas, however, some smaller basins were already formed, such as in the eastern and southern Dolomites. These basinal conditions have been documented by the sediments of the Dont Formation (Dontkalk in Mojsisovics, 1882). The Dont Formation is very important from a biostratigraphic point of view because it documents precise detail of the biological associations of the Anisian and is known for its fossil fauna, with collections found in many museums in the Alpine area. From a lithological perspective, it can be subdivided into two informal units. The lower one is prevalently formed of gray sandstones (yellow due to alteration) with a grain size that ranges from very fine to medium, becoming coarser moving towards the top. Grains are represented by mica, quartz and carbonates, with sporadic intercalations of silty marlstones and calcisiltites. The strata are nodular or pseudonodular, 5-30 cm thick, with ellipsoidal or spherical nodules that are even 8-10 cm large. At the base of the beds, it is possible to observe a crossed lamination (due to waves) which is not very clear because of bioturbation. On the other hand, current structures can be seen on the top beds (plane- parallel lamination, asymmetric ripples). The upper unit is characterized by a progressive decrease in arenaceous levels, with thinly stratified (5-15 cm) alternating gray and gray-greenish pelagic limestones, rich in radiolarian, pelagic lamellibranchs, and spicule of siliceous sponge, and rather brown coarse-grained graded calcarenites and biocalcarenites, rich in crinoids, lamellibranchs, and brachiopods (Pisa et alii, 1979; Farabegoli & Guasti, 1980). In the eastern Dolomites and the area of Monte Bivera, in the lower section of the unit, there are huge accumulations of calcareous olistoliths rich in algae and encrusting organisms produced by collapses from the Monte Rite carbonate platform. The fossiliferous content, as already stated, is characterized by an abundant fauna, particularly of ammonoids (Beyrichites, Balatonites, Semyornites, Bulogites e Judicarites, Megaceratites, Paraceratites, Lanceoptychites) (Assereto, 1971; Pisa et alii, 1979; Mietto and Manfrin, 1995a; Balini, 1993, Balini and Nicora, 1998), conodonts (Paragondolella bulgarica, P. bifurcata, P. hanbulogi, P. praeszabói, Gladigondolella tethydis, Nicoraella sp.) and brachiopods (Mentzelia mentzeli e “Rhynchonella” tommasi), that permit the unit to be attributed to early Pelsonian to Illyrian times. Towards the west, in less subsident areas than the Giudicarie, and near Tione, a large, shallow, low-energy gulf extended, characterized periodically by bottom anoxic conditions as documented by the Angolo Limestone. These bottom conditions prevented the development of communities of detritivorous endobiont organisms. Nevertheless, crinoids can often be found along with ammonites and brachiopods when the sediments become more marly. Similar sit-
NOMINATION OF THE DOLOMITES FOR INSCRIPTION ON THE WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE LIST UNESCO 35 uations also characterize the southern (Piccole Dolomiti) and western sectors, where the dark limestone (Recoaro Limestone) contained remains of placodont and nothosaurus reptiles which recently been found. This latter formation is typical of the areas overlooking the growing carbonate platforms and documents a series of depositional environments that evolved from a mixed carbonate-terrigenous sedimentation shelf, progressively deepening, into an open carbonate ramp setting. The fundamental lithotypes that make up the formation are decimeters thick and represented by marly limestones, light gray dolomitic limestones in regular beds, and with wavy boundaries that are characterized by siltitic interstratifications. Towards the top of the Recoaro Limestone, transitions into bioclastic calcarenities rich in articles of crinoids, brachiopods and bivalves. The terrigenous component seems to decrease progressively even though there may be thin layers of paraconglomerates and sandstones. Near the boundary of the overlying Upper Serla Formation, small microbialitic mounds meters thick are sometimes present (Gaetani et alii, 1981; Blendinger, 1983). The Recoaro Limestone, in the Dolomites, is particularly fossiliferous. The following fauna is present: brachiopods (Coenothyris vulgaris, Mentzelia mentzeli, Tetractinella trigonella, Decurtella decurtata), crinoids (Encrinus carnali, E. liliformis), bivalves (Plagiostoma taramelli, P. lineatum), gastropods, poriferas, chetitidis, corals and sometimes pelsonic ammonoides (Achrocordas spp., Balatonites spp., Gymmnites sp., Bulogites zoldianus). Voltzia- Dont Fm
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Systems: 1. Pelmo - Nuvolau 2. Marm
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visitors NOMINATION OF THE DOLOMITE
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others (malghe, alberghi, ristorant
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mountain cabins others (malghe, alb
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visitors footpath NOMINATION OF THE
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ANNEX 5 A5.1 PROTECTIVE DESIGNATION
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49. 50. 51. NOMINATION OF THE DOLOM
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ANNEX 7 A7.1 DVD (PHOTOGRAPHS) A7.2
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ANNEX 8 A8.1 OTHER LOCAL AUTHORITIE
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DOLOMITES - Annexes 2-8 - Provincia di Udine

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