Bulletin 2/2010 - Siempelkamp NIS

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operating map which shows the operating point, the current condition of the reactor (green cross hairs) in the image displaying the power throughput and coolant fl ow rate. If the operating point goes up, there is more power throughput without increasing the coolant fl ow rate, therefore, more power would be generated. However, the limit values would soon be reached and the consequence would be an automatic shut down of the reactor by inserting the neutron-absorbing control rods. If the operating point shifts to the right, resulting in a higher coolant fl ow rate without increasing the power throughput, the fuel rods are cooled better, but less steam is generated, and therefore less electricity. Therefore, the objective is to achieve an optimal combination of fl ow-rate and power output which is identifi ed by the blue curve (“URK-Nenn”) in the image. In the current operating map, the reactor operator sees immediately that the plant operates within the optimum range (marked SIEMPELKAMP | NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY Plant cooling circuit schematic with white backing) and knows that the operation is within the limit values. At the bottom of the screen he can see the history of the power output progression and can identify what tasks were carried out by an earlier shift. More in-depth information is available to the reactor operator on demand: He can, for example, select a plant diagram which displays entered, measured and arithmetic values. By clicking on a numerical value, he can have a chronological sequence displayed immediately and fi nd out how this value has changed over time. The plant diagram “cooling circuit” demonstrates in a simplifi ed way how the coolant is heated inside the reactor, is turning into steam (red), and is then fed to the turbine. Here the energy is released, the steam condensates to water which is then fed as water back to the reactor.
SIEMPELKAMP | NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY Plant pump schematic This does not happen totally on its own: Pumps are used in the process, for example, the feed-water pumps which pump the coolant from the turbines back into the core or the coolant circulation pumps which maintain the coolant fl ow in the reactor. These pumps can also help control the reactor. If less electricity is needed, the reactor operator reduces the pumping speeds. This, in turn, reduces the reactor’s power output. The image of the core is another available view. For each of the 784 fuel elements the difference between the output to the limit value is illustrated in color here. A red mark would mean the limit value is almost reached or has been exceeded. In this image everything is working normally. Core simulator: intelligent and proactive A core simulator can plan ahead for future events: If on a weekend when less electricity is needed, the plant is supposed to run at partial load but then on Monday back at full load, the core simulator can calculate these events in advance. The program instructs the user on which measures have to be taken at what time so that the desired condition for the reactor is reached quickly and safely. General view of the fuel elements power outputs Conclusion: The core simulator is an important system for a nuclear power plant. Without it the reactor operator is blind. If the simulator fails, the plant operation is limited which results in a reduced power output. Therefore, the core simulator has to be available at all times, which means, it has to have a backup. The core simulator in Gundremmingen exists in quadruple redundancy – two processors in Unit B and two in Unit C. One of the two processors per Unit is always in stand-by mode. This secondary processor is supplied with measured data constantly without ever taking actions. If, however, the primary processor should fail, the secondary will take over immediately. With more than three decades of experience in the area of core simulators, <strong>NIS</strong> is the ideal partner for generating electricity safely, reliably, and economically. This also includes the 26 th operating cycle at Gundremmingen! 34 35
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