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EU industrial structure 2011 — Trends and Performance Overview 12 This publication aims to satisfy the increasing need for analysis of the competitiveness of the EU economy from a sectoral perspective. Analyses of this kind provide evidence of the industrial structure in the different Member States, differences in performance of different sectors within the EU, and differences in sector performance across Member States. They yield insight into the competitiveness of different sectors and how they are affected by business fluctuations. The EU industrial structure is one of the few publications that present this view. Together with the publications of Eurostat, 2 it is unique in this respect. Throughout the publication, the term ‘sectors’ is used interchangeably with ‘industries’ unless otherwise specified. This publication can be used by economists and policy makers in the EU and Member States or anyone outside the EU interested in the structure and performance of EU industries. Academics, journalists, organisations and citizens who are interested in different aspects of the EU economy from a sectoral perspective may also find useful information in this publication. Chapter I contain analyses of short run fluctuations impacting on EU sectors. The impacts of the latest recession are compared across sectors. The latest recession is compared to the previous two, since 1990, in terms of size, duration and diffusion of the crisis. As most industries seem to have moved out from the trough of the recession, the recovery process is also compared across sectors. It should be noted that since the analyses in the chapter are based on short term indicators; the results 2 See for example ‘Eurostatistics. Data for short term economic analysis.’ and ‘European Business: Facts and figures.’ are based on data that were available at the time of the drafting of the report. Chapter II analyses the industrial structure of the EU. The focus is on the sectoral structure and specialisation. Some of the analyses use sectoral taxonomies to aid comparison between sectors and countries with respect to, for example, the technology intensity of sectors. The chapter also provides a breakdown of enterprises in size categories in terms of value added. The last section of the chapter consists of case studies analysing sectoral inter‑relations over time. Chapter III aims to analyse industrial growth and competitiveness within the EU from different perspectives. Assessments of competitiveness are made from labour productivity and unit labour costs developments in the EU. The use of growth factors — labour, human capital, investments, and technology — in the sectors is analysed using indicators. Also, some results in terms of innovation are presented. The last section of chapter III analyses developments on the demand side, with special attention to product composition and developments in private consumption and investments. The analyses in chapter IV are devoted to the external competitiveness of EU industry. A set of indicators are presented aiming to show the performances of EU manufacturing and services. Along with indicators of export shares in world markets, relative trade balance, revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and intra‑industry trade (IIT), foreign direct investments is presented as an indicator of the international movement of factors, and patent data as indicators of the internationalisation of R&D. The chapter also contains a section presenting indicators showing the importance of trade in intermediate products in different respects. These indicators aim to offer insight into the significance of global value chains for EU sectors. Finally, Annex A1 presents the statistical nomenclatures used in the report and includes the abridged names of the categories used in throughout. The analyses of industrial structure and economic developments are based on a set of indicators. The use of
indicators for sectors varies depending on the availability of data for different sectors and countries; data availability determines the level of aggregation on which sectors are analysed. Availability also restricts some sectors and indicators to being analysed only on a quarterly basis, while others can be analysed monthly. This mainly affects services sectors which, to a lesser extent than manufacturing, can be analysed with the aid of monthly indicators. The update of the statistical classification to NACE Rev. 2 has had consequences for this publication. The introduction of NACE 2 has brought about changes in the way data are collected, grouped and reported. Not all data has been revised backwards in time, which affects the possibility to Overview analyse developments over time for sectors according to NACE 2. This has placed some limitations on the analyses. The focus of the analyses and descriptions in this publication is market economy sectors: all sectors from mining to market services are included. When considered necessary, the whole economy, including primary services and non‑market services, are analysed. The data do not always allow for comparison of the same set of indicators for sectors at the same level of aggregation. This is a consequence of variation in detail between different sectors such as manufacturing and services and also between different topics such as trade and R&D. 13
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Chapter IV International competitiv
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Chapter IV — International compet
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FIgURE IV.3: EU-27 RCA index in 200
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communi‑ cation computer and info
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