EU industrial structure - EU Bookshop - Europa

Chapter III — Drivers of Sector Growth and Competitiveness
TAbLE III.3: EU manufacturing employment and hours worked — average annual growth
from 2000 to 2010
code
Employment hours worked
sector 2000‑2010 2000‑2010
c Manufacturing ‑1.9 ‑1.9
c10 Food ‑0.9 ‑0.6
c11 Beverages ‑2.3 ‑1.9
c12 Tobacco ‑4.4 ‑4.5
c13 Textiles ‑5.2 ‑6.2
c14 Clothing ‑5.8 ‑6.5
c15 Leather ‑3.7 ‑4.6
c16 Wood and wood products ‑2.6 ‑2.5
c17 Paper ‑2.4 ‑2.5
c18 Printing ‑2.5 ‑2.7
c19 Refined petroleum ‑2.0 ‑2.3
c20 Chemicals ‑2.1 ‑2.2
c21 Pharmaceuticals ‑0.6 ‑0.4
c22 Rubber and plastics ‑0.9 ‑0.7
c23 Non‑metallic mineral products ‑2.6 ‑2.6
c24 Basic metals ‑2.9 ‑2.8
c25 Metal products ‑0.8 ‑0.7
c26 Computer, electronic and optical ‑2.7 ‑2.7
c27 Electrical eq. ‑1.7 ‑1.6
c28 Machinery n.e.c. ‑1.3 ‑1.1
c29 Motor vehicles ‑1.2 ‑1.2
c30 Other transport eq. ‑1.3 ‑1.0
c31 Furniture ‑2.6 ‑2.6
c32 Other manufacturing ‑1.0 ‑0.8
c33 Repair of machinery ‑1.1 ‑0.8
Source: own calculations using Eurostat data.
iii32 human capital
The labour force is not homogenous but consists of
individuals with different types of skills and levels of
educational attainment. This heterogeneity of the labour
force is often not reflected in measures of labour inputs.
Human capital is as an additional factor of production,
which helps to explain differences in economic growth
between countries. The purpose of this section is to present
an indicator of human capital at sectoral level related
to education, which, in modern economies, is a crucial
component of the production process.
To the extent that human capital consists of the stock of
knowledge, skills and experience embodied in the labour
force, a commonly used proxy for accumulated knowledge
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