SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES - New Mexico NRCS - US ...

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• Herbage Yield Tables for Trees by Height, DBH, or Canopy • Clippers • Paper bags • Kilogram and gram spring-loaded scales with clip • Tree diameter measuring tape • Steel post & driver • Oven for drying vegetation • Air-dry weight conversion tables • Rubber bands • Pin flags • Compass METHODS—Double Weight Sampling 5. Training The accuracy of the data depends on the training and ability of the examiners. Examiners must be able to identify plant species and determine current year’s growth. 6. Establishing Studies Careful establishment of studies is a critical element in obtaining meaningful data (see Section III). a Site Selection The most important factor in obtaining usable data is selecting representative areas (critical or key areas) in which to run the study (see Section II.D). Study sites should be located within a single plant community within a single ecological site. Transects and sampling points need to be randomly located within the critical or key areas (see Section III). (1) The number of quadrats selected depends on the purpose for which the estimates are to be used, uniformity of the vegetation, and other factors (see Section III.B for Statistical Considerations). (2) The size and shape of quadrats must be adapted to the vegetation community to be sampled (see Section III.B.6). b Pilot Studies Collect data on several pilot studies to determine the number of samples (transects or observation points) and the number and size of quadrats needed to collect a statistically valid sample (see Section III.B.8). c Study Layout Production data can be collected using either the baseline, macroplot or linear study designs described in Section III.A.2 beginning on page 8. The linear technique is the one most often used. d Number of Transects Establish the minimum number of transects to achieve the desired level of precision for the key species in each study site (see Section III.B). e Reference Post or Point Permanently mark the location of each study with a reference post and a study location stake (see beginning of Section III). f Study Identification Number studies for proper identification to ensure that the data collected can be positively associated with specific sites on the ground (see Appendix B). 103
104 METHODS—Double Weight Sampling g Study and Documentation Document pertinent information concerning the study on the Study Location and Documentation Data form (see beginning of Section III and Appendix A). 7. Taking Photographs The directions for establishing photo plots and for taking close-up and general view photographs are given in Section V.A. 8. Weight Units Double sampling requires the establishment of a weight unit for each species occurring in the area to be sampled. All weight units are based on current year’s growth. a Procedures For Establishing Weight Units: (1) Decide on a weight unit that is appropriate for each species. A weight unit could be an entire plant, a group of plants, or an easily identifiable portion of a plant, and can be measured in either pounds or grams. (2) Visually select a representative weight unit. (3) Harvest and weigh the plant material to determine the actual weight of the weight unit. (4) Maintain proficiency in estimating by periodically harvesting and weighing to check estimates of production. b Estimating Production of a Single Quadrat: (1) Estimate production by counting the weight units of each species in the quadrat. (2) Convert weight units for each species to grams or pounds. (3) Harvest and weigh each species to check estimate of production. (4) Repeat the process until proficiency is attained. (5) Periodically repeat the process to maintain proficiency in estimating. (6) Keep the harvested material, when necessary, for air-drying and weighing to convert from green weights to air-dry weights. c Alternate Method of Establishing Weight Units: (1) Decide on a weight unit that is appropriate for each species. A weight unit could be an entire plant, a group of plants, or an easily identifiable portion of a plant, and can be measured in either pounds or grams. (2) Visually select a representative weight unit. (3) Instead of weighing the material, save it by securing it with rubber bands so portions are not lost.
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
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METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
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38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
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40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
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42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
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Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
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METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
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50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
Page 59 and 60: 52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
Page 62 and 63: D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
Page 64 and 65: METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
Page 66: Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121 and 122: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
Page 145 and 146: 138 GLOSSARY
Page 147 and 148: 140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
Page 149 and 150: 142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
Page 151 and 152: 144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
Page 153 and 154: 146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
Page 155 and 156: 148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
Page 157: Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
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APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
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APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
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APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
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160 APPENDIX C
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162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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