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METHODS—Step Point (d) Enter the appropriate plant species code in the Basal or Ground-Level Column in the Basal and Canopy/Foliar Cover section of the form. (e) Enter a dot count tally for each basal hit on a species in the Dot Count Column in the Basal and Canopy/Foliar Cover section of the form when the plant species code is first entered on the form. Enter an additional dot count tally each time there is a basal hit on that species on the transect, except where there are basal and canopy/foliar cover hit combinations. (2) Ground-level or basal and canopy/foliar cover hit combinations (a) Identify the ground-level or basal hit, as well as any canopy cover hit(s) below 3 feet in height, intercepted at each point by the pin. For canopy cover above 3 feet, use line-of-sight observations directly perpendicular to the notch in the boot. (b) Enter the appropriate ground-level cover category code and/or plant species code for each level of hit (up to four levels) in the appropriate columns in the Basal and Canopy/Foliar Cover section of the form (see Illustration 13). (c) Enter a dot count tally for each ground-level or basal and canopy/foliar cover hit combination when it is first entered on the form and each time this same combination is encountered on the transect. (d) Enclose plant species codes for vegetation cover hits more than 20 feet above ground level in brackets [ ]. 9. Calculations Calculate the percent cover for each cover category by dividing the number of hits for each category by the total number of hits for all categories, including hits on vegetation. a Ground Cover Ground cover is determined by dividing the total number of hits for all categories except bare ground by the total number of hits (including bare ground). b Canopy/Foliar Cover Canopy/Foliar cover is determined by dividing the total number of hits on vegetation (includes all basal and canopy/foliar hits) by the total number of hits. c Basal Cover Basal cover is determined by dividing the number of basal hits by the total number of hits. 10. Data Analysis a When transects are the sampling units: For trend analysis, permanent sampling units are suggested. If permanent transects are monitored, use the appropriate paired analysis technique to compare change in average cover by species and cover class. When comparing more than two sampling periods, use repeated 73
74 METHODS—Step Point measures ANOVA. If the transects are not permanently marked, use the appropriate nonpaired test. b When points are the sampling units: To determine if the change between sampling periods is significant, use Chi Square analysis of variance for cover data. 11. References Bonham, C.D. 1989. Measurements for Terrestrial Vegetation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY. 338 p. Evans, Raymond A. and R. Merton Love. 1957. The step-point method of sampling—a practical tool in range research. J. Range Manage. 10:208-212. Goodall, D.W. 1952. Some considerations in the use of point quadrats for the analysis of vegetation. Aust. J. Sci. Res., Series B 5:1-41 Mueller-Dombois, Dieter and Heinz Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. 547 p. USDI, Bureau of Land Management. 1985. Rangeland monitoring - Trend studies TR4400-4.
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
Page 29 and 30: 22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
Page 31 and 32: 24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
Page 33 and 34: 26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
Page 35 and 36: 28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
Page 37 and 38: 30 ATTRIBUTES
Page 39 and 40: 32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
Page 41 and 42: METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
Page 43 and 44: METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
Page 45 and 46: 38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
Page 47 and 48: 40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
Page 49 and 50: 42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
Page 51: Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
Page 55 and 56: METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
Page 57 and 58: 50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
Page 59 and 60: 52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
Page 62 and 63: D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
Page 64 and 65: METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
Page 66: Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121 and 122: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
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M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
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METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
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Sampling Interval Study Location 1
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130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
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132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
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134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
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136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
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138 GLOSSARY
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140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
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142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
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144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
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146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
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148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
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Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
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APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
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APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
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APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
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160 APPENDIX C
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162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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