SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES - New Mexico NRCS - US ...

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METHODS—Dry Weight Rank (see Section II.D). Study sites should be located within a single plant community within a single ecological site. Transects and sampling points need to be randomly located within the critical or key areas (see Section III). b Pilot Studies Collect data on several pilot studies to determine the number of samples (transects or observation points) and the number and size of quadrats needed to collect a statistically valid sample (see Section III.B.8). c Selecting Quadrat Size Adapt the size and shape of quadrats to the vegetation community to be sampled. (1) Select a plot size on the premise that most plots should contain three species. (2) Determine the proper size quadrat to use by doing preliminary sampling with different size frames (see Illustration 6). (3) Use the same size quadrat throughout a study and for rereading the study. If frequencies approach the extremes of either 0 or 100 percent, it may be necessary to change the quadrat size. d Number of Studies At least one Dry Weight Rank study should be established on each study site, depending on the objectives; establish more if needed (see Sections II.D and III.B). Evaluate the rangeland plant communities where studies will be located and determine the number of transects and quadrats needed. The purpose is to collect the best possible sample for the greatest number of species in any plant community. e Study Layout The Dry Weight Rank data can be collected using the baseline, macroplot, or linear study designs described in Section III.A.2 beginning on page 8. The linear technique is the one most often used. f Reference Post or Point Permanently mark the location of each study with a reference post and a study location stake (see beginning of Section III). g Study Identification Number studies for proper identification to ensure that the data collected can be positively associated with specific sites on the ground (see Appendix B). h Study Documentation Document pertinent information concerning the study on the Study Location and Documentation Data form (see beginning of Section III and Appendix A). 7. Taking Photographs The directions for establishing photo plots and for taking close-up and general view photographs are given in Section V.A. 8. Sampling Process In addition to collecting the specific study data, general observations should be made of the study sites (see Section II.F). Determine the transect bearing and select a prominent distant landmark such as a peak, rocky point, etc., that can be used as the transect bearing point. 51
52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After the quadrat location has been determined, the observer decides which three species in the quadrat have the greatest yield of current year’s growth on a dry matter basis. The species with the highest yield is given a rank of 1, the next 2, and the third highest a 3. Data are record by quadrat on the Dry Weight Rank form, Illustration 8. All other species present are ignored. If there are not three species present in the quadrat, a multiple rank is assigned. The Dry Weight Rank method assumes that a rank of 1 corresponds to 70% composition, rank 2 to 20%, and rank 3 to 10%. If only one species is found in a quadrat, it would be ranked 1, 2 and 3 (100%). If two species are found, one may be given ranks of 1 and 2 (90%), ranks 1 and 3 (80%), or ranks 2 and 3 (30%), depending on the relative weight for the two species (see Illustration 8). For each species, record the number of 1, 2, or 3 ranks received in the sample. Data can also be collected and recorded for each quadrat for use in conjunction with the Comparative Yield Method. 9. Calculations a For each species multiply the number of ranks of 1, 2, and 3 by 7, 2, and 1, respectively, and record under the appropriate weight column. Add the amounts in the weight columns of each species and record in the weighted column. b Total the weighted column for all species. The total of this column will always be ten times the number of quadrats. c Divide the value recorded for each species in the weighted column by the total of the weighted column to get percent composition for each species. Percent composition, by definition, should total 100 percent. 10. Data Analysis Chi Square analysis can be used to determine if the frequency of each species in each rank tally group (1,2, or 3) has changed from one sampling period to another. Each species must be analyzed separately. 11. References Despain, D.W., P.R. Ogden, and E.L. Smith. 1991. Plant frequency sampling for monitoring rangelands. In: G.B. Ruyle, ed. Some Methods for Monitoring Rangelands and other Natural Area Vegetation. Extension Report 9043, University of Arizona, College of Agriculture, Tucson, AZ.
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7 and 8: I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
Page 9 and 10: 2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
Page 11 and 12: 4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
Page 13 and 14: 6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
Page 15 and 16: 8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
Page 17 and 18: 10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
Page 19 and 20: 12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
Page 21 and 22: 14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
Page 23 and 24: 16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
Page 25 and 26: 18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
Page 27 and 28: 4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
Page 29 and 30: 22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
Page 31 and 32: 24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
Page 33 and 34: 26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
Page 35 and 36: 28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
Page 37 and 38: 30 ATTRIBUTES
Page 39 and 40: 32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
Page 41 and 42: METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
Page 43 and 44: METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
Page 45 and 46: 38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
Page 47 and 48: 40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
Page 49 and 50: 42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
Page 51: Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
Page 55 and 56: METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
Page 57: 50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
Page 62 and 63: D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
Page 64 and 65: METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
Page 66: Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
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• Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
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METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
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METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
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Page of Production Study Number Dat
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112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
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114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
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116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
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118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
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120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
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M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
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METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
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Sampling Interval Study Location 1
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130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
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132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
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134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
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136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
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138 GLOSSARY
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140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
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142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
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144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
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146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
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148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
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Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
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APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
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APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
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APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
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160 APPENDIX C
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162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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