SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES - New Mexico NRCS - US ...

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Use the following table to convert grams to pounds per acre: METHODS—Harvest Table 5 (# of plots x size = total area) (10 x 0.96 = 9.6 ft2 ) multiply grams times 10.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 1.92 = 19.2 ft2 ) multiply grams times 5.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 2.40 = 24.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 4.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 4.80 = 48.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 2.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 9.60 = 96.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 1.0 = pounds per acre (10 x 96.0 = 960.0 ft2 ) multiply grams times 0.1 = pounds per acre 10. Data Analysis This technique involves destructive sampling (clipped plots), so permanent transects or quadrats are not recommended. Since the transects are not permanently marked, use the appropriate nonpaired test. When comparing more than two sampling periods, use ANOVA. 11. References Cook, C. Wayne and James Stubbendieck, 1986. Range Research: Basic Problems and Techniques. Society for Range Management. Denver, CO. Laycock, W.A. 1987. Setting Objectives and Picking Appropriate Methods for Monitoring Vegetation on Rangelands. Rangeland Monitoring Workshop Proceedings. U.S. Department of Interior. Bureau of Land Management. Golden, CO. Pechanec, J.F. and G.D. Pickford. 1937. A weight-estimate method for the determination of range or pasture production. J. Amer. Soc. Agron. 29:894-904. Riser, Paul G. 1984. Methods for Inventory and Monitoring of Vegetation, Litter, and Soil Surface Condition. Developing Strategies for Rangeland Monitoring. National Research Council National Academy of Sciences. <strong>US</strong>DA, Soil Conservation Service. 1976. National Range Handbook. 154 p. <strong>US</strong>DI, Bureau of Land Management. 1984 (rev. 1990). National Range Handbook 4410-1. Washington D. C. Van Dyne, George M., W.G. Vogel, and H.G. Fisser. 1963. Influence of small plot size and shape on range herbage production estimates. Ecology 44:746-759. Revised 2/97 115
116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L. Comparative Yield Method 1. General Description This method is used to estimate total standing crop or production of a site. The total production in a sample quadrat is compared to one of five reference quadrats; relative ranks are recorded rather than estimating the weight directly. It is important to establish a photo plot (see Section V.A) and take both close-up and general view photographs. This allows the portrayal of resource values and conditions and furnishes visual evidence of vegetation and soil changes over time. 2. Areas of Use This method works best for herbaceous vegetation but can also be used successfully with small shrubs and half-shrubs. As with most production estimates, the comparative yield method can be used to compare relative production between different sites. 3. Advantages and Limitations The advantage of the comparative yield method is that a large sample can be obtained quickly. Total production is evaluated, so clipping calibration on a species basis is not needed. The process of developing reference quadrats for ranking purposes reduces both sampling and training time. This technique can be done in conjunction with the frequency, canopy cover, or dry weight rank methods. Identification of individual species is not required. Large shrub communities are not well suited for this technique. If used in conjunction with other techniques (frequency and dry weight rank), the quadrat size may need to be different. This technique can detect only large changes in production. 4. Equipment The following equipment is needed (see also the equipment listed in Section V.A, page 31, for the establishment of the photo plot): • Study Location and Documentation Data form (see Appendix A) • Comparative Yield form (Illustration 24) • Five sampling quadrat frames • Clippers • Paper bags • Kilogram and gram spring-loaded scale with clip • One stake: 3/4- or 1-inch angle iron not less than 16 inches long • Tally counter (optional) • Hammer • Permanent yellow or orange spray paint • Compass • Steel post and driver 5. Training Examiners must calibrate their estimates when sampling situations change (i.e., different sites, time of day, or season). 6. Establishing Studies Careful establishment of studies is a critical element in obtaining meaningful data. Depending on the objectives, comparative yield data can be collected on permanent transects or in a random or systematic design.
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
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METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
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38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
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40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
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42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
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Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
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METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
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50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
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52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
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D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
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METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
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Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
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50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93 and 94: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 95 and 96: 88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Do
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
Page 145 and 146: 138 GLOSSARY
Page 147 and 148: 140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
Page 149 and 150: 142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
Page 151 and 152: 144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
Page 153 and 154: 146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
Page 155 and 156: 148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
Page 157: Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
Page 160 and 161: APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
Page 162 and 163: APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
Page 164 and 165: APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
Page 167 and 168: 160 APPENDIX C
Page 169 and 170: 162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
Page 171: Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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