SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES - New Mexico NRCS - US ...

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METHODS—Cover Board c Number of Transects Establish the minimum number of transects to achieve the desired level of precision for the key species in each study site (see Section III.B). d Study Layout Data can be collected using either the baseline or linear study designs described in Section III.A.2 beginning on page 8. The linear technique is the most often used procedure. (1) Linear transect (a) Determine the transect bearing and select a prominent distant landmark such as a peak, rocky point, etc., that can be used as the transect bearing point. (b) Randomly select an observation point along the transect. The cover board will be placed 15 feet from this observation point in a random direction. One way to select a random direction is by using the second hand on a standard watch. Look at the watch and note the direction the second hand is pointing. Another way is to randomly select a three digit number between 0 and 360 from a random number table to represent the degrees on a compass (see Appendix D for directions and a table of random digits). After taking the initial reading, remain at the observation point on the transect and take three additional readings at 90-degree angles from the original bearing and at the same distance (15 feet). Additional observation points can be established at specified intervals from the initial observation point along the transect bearing. A piece of angle iron or rebar should be placed at each observation point for easy relocation. (c) Be sure to record the bearing from the observation point to each cover board location on the Cover Board form (see Illustrations 18 and 19). (2) Center location (a) An alternative method of establishing a transect is to randomly select a center point within an area to be sampled. Set angle iron or rebar at four randomly selected points 15 feet from the center point. Place the cover board at each rebar, facing the center post. Take readings and photographs of the cover board from the center point. Additional center points can be established as needed. (b) Be sure to record the bearing and distance to each center point location from the reference post on the Cover Board form (see Illustrations 18 and 19). e Reference Post or Point Permanently mark the location of each study with a reference post and a study location stake (see beginning of Section III). f Study Identification Number studies for proper identification to ensure that the data collected can be positively associated with specific sites on the ground (see Appendix B). 87
88 METHODS—Cover Board g Study Documentation Document pertinent information concerning the study on the Study Location and Documentation Data form (see beginning of Section III and Appendix A). 7. Taking Photographs The directions for establishing photo plots and for taking close-up and general view photographs are given in Section V.A. 8. Sampling Process In addition to collecting the specific studies data, general observations should be made of the study sites (see Section II.F). Position the cover board in the appropriate locations 15 feet from the observation point. Record the cover class from the modified Daubenmire cover classes (see Table 2) for each segment of the cover board (see Illustration 20). Depending on the objectives, vegetative cover can be recorded by species or simply for the total of all species. Cover can also be recorded as a straight percentage. Cover Class Table 2 Range of Coverage Midpoint of Range 0 0% 0% T < 1% 0.5% 1 1 to 5% 3.0% 2 5 to 25% 15.0% 3 25 to 50% 37.5% 4 50 to 75% 62.5% 5 75 to 95% 85.0% 6 95 to 100% 97.50% 9. Calculations for Vertical Canopy Cover Calculate the average “cover score” by layer. The midpoint of each cover class is used to calculate the average cover for each layer or for the entire transect when using cover classes. If actual percentage estimates are made, calculate an average cover value by averaging cover for each layer. For a total cover average, the calculation involves summing the cover values for all layers and dividing by the number of layers. 10. Data Analysis For trend analysis, permanent sampling units are suggested. If permanent transects are monitored, use the appropriate paired analysis technique. If the transects are not permanently marked, use the appropriate nonpaired test. When comparing more than two sampling periods, use repeated measures ANOVA. 11. References Nudds, Thomas D. 1977. Quantifying the vegetative structure of wildlife cover. Wildlife Society Bulletin 5:113-117. Spalinger, D.E. 1980. Vegetation Changes on Eight Selected Deer Ranges in Nevada Over a 15-Year Period. Nevada State Office Bureau of Land Management. <strong>US</strong>DI, Bureau of Land Management. 1987. Riparian Inventory and Monitoring, Montana BLM Riparian Tech. Bull. No.1.
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SAMPLING VEGETATION ATTRIBUTES INTE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMPLING VEGETATI
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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I. PREFACE PREFACE The intent of th
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2 INTRODUCTION values when individu
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4 INTRODUCTION represent the “pul
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6 INTRODUCTION G. Coordination Moni
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8 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS A. Plan
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10 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Macrop
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12 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS Becaus
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14 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS d From
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16 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS b Cove
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18 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS sideoa
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4 3.5 3 2.5 20 5 STUDY DESIGN AND A
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22 STUDY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS C. Oth
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24 ATTRIBUTES Frequency is the numb
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26 ATTRIBUTES 2. Advantages and Lim
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28 ATTRIBUTES b Standing crop and p
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30 ATTRIBUTES
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32 METHODS—Photographs c Angle ir
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METHODS—Photographs Hinge Rod sta
Page 43 and 44: METHODS—Photographs angle iron st
Page 45 and 46: 38 METHODS—Frequency • One tran
Page 47 and 48: 40 METHODS—Frequency transected,
Page 49 and 50: 42 METHODS—Frequency (3) Total fr
Page 51: Page of Frequency 44 Study Number D
Page 55 and 56: METHODS—Frequency The frame is ma
Page 57 and 58: 50 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank C. Dry
Page 59 and 60: 52 METHODS—Dry Weight Rank After
Page 62 and 63: D. Daubenmire Method METHODS—Daub
Page 64 and 65: METHODS—Daubenmire b Ten Cover Cl
Page 66: Page of Daubenmire Study Number Dat
Page 70 and 71: 50 cm Six Cover Class Frame 20 cm R
Page 72 and 73: METHODS—Line Intercept b Pilot St
Page 74 and 75: METHODS—Line Intercept Hanley, Th
Page 77 and 78: 70 METHODS—Step Point F. Step-Poi
Page 79 and 80: 72 METHODS—Step Point the boot an
Page 81 and 82: 74 METHODS—Step Point measures AN
Page 85 and 86: 78 METHODS—Point Intercept G. Poi
Page 87 and 88: 80 METHODS—Point Intercept 8. Sam
Page 89 and 90: 82 METHODS—Point Intercept b Tran
Page 91 and 92: METHODS—Point Intercept Examples
Page 93: 86 METHODS—Cover Board H. Cover B
Page 98: Page of Cover Board Method Profile
Page 101 and 102: 94 METHODS—Density I. Density Met
Page 103 and 104: 96 METHODS—Density (often very mu
Page 105 and 106: 98 METHODS—Density able to make s
Page 107: Page of Density Study Number Date E
Page 110 and 111: • Herbage Yield Tables for Trees
Page 112 and 113: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling (4
Page 114 and 115: METHODS—Double Weight Sampling d
Page 116: Page of Production Study Number Dat
Page 119 and 120: 112 METHODS—Harvest K. Harvest Me
Page 121 and 122: 114 METHODS—Harvest 7. Taking Pho
Page 123 and 124: 116 METHODS—Comparative Yield L.
Page 125 and 126: 118 METHODS—Comparative Yield (1)
Page 127 and 128: 120 METHODS—Comparative Yield Tab
Page 130 and 131: M. Visual Obstruction Method - Robe
Page 132 and 133: METHODS—Visual Obstruction—Robe
Page 134: Sampling Interval Study Location 1
Page 137 and 138: 130 METHODS—Other N. Other Method
Page 139 and 140: 132 GLOSSARY browse: (1) the part o
Page 141 and 142: 134 GLOSSARY grazable woodland: for
Page 143 and 144: 136 GLOSSARY sample: a set of sampl
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138 GLOSSARY
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140 REFERENCES Crocker, R.L. and N.
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142 REFERENCES Hironaka, M. 1985. F
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144 REFERENCES Nie, Norman H., C. H
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146 REFERENCES Society for Range Ma
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148 REFERENCES Whitman, W.C. and E.
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Location 150 APPENDIX A Study Locat
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APPENDIX B APPENDIX B—STUDY AND P
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APPENDIX B 3. Label 3 A placard on
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APPENDIX C Photo Identification Lab
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160 APPENDIX C
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162 APPENDIX D The formula for usin
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Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Pub
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