Vol 3 Land Resource Inventory Report - Department of Environment ...

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426 Selina Talamaisinai Mareqeti Viti Dick Watling SPREP SOPAC Paul Forestry Samuela Lagitaki Akosita Noor Agriculture Kelera Town Planning Osea Bolawatabu Maria Elder Department of Energy Susana Pulini Mineral Resources Department Raijieli Baleiwai Source: Created by Author (2010). Urmila
Birds of the Fiji Islands Dick Watling, Birdlife International, Posa Skelton What are birds? Birds are perhaps one of the most enigmatic groups of living creatures having evolved since the Jurassic period (150-200 million years ago) to exist in almost all the landmasses of earth. Their unique characters of wings, two feet, warm-blooded and egglaying warranted their placement under the class Aves (phylum Chordata, sub-phylum Vertebrata). The exact number of living bird species is not known, but an estimate of around 10,000 species has been suggested. Why are they important? Birds are important ecologically, through pollination of wild and agricultural plants to dispersal of seeds to new environment. While some birds feed exclusive on plants, others are predators, feeding on small insects, reptiles, mammals, even other birds, such as the Fiji Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), the Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) and the Fiji Goshawk (Accipiter rufitorques). From a human perspective birds were once commonly used for sending and receiving messages (homing pigeon [a variety of the Fiji feral pigeon] - Columba livia), for fishing (cormorant – Phalacrocorax spp.) and as food (eggs, poultry, guano). Because of the vast distances covered by migrating birds (e.g. Pacific golden plover – Pluvialis fulva), they can become carriers of some diseases. Birds also make admirable flagships, being better known to local people and in traditional culture and they are vital environmental indicators. History of bird research in Fiji A summary of the historical account of Fijian birds can be found in Dick Watling‘s (2001) ‗A guide to the birds of Fiji & Western Pacific‘. Bird exploration of Fiji can be categorised into three phases. 1. First phase: early European exploration (1820s to late 1880s). During this period the French explorer Jules Dumont d‘Urville collected a few specimens from Fiji. The US Wilkes Exploring Expedition followed with surveys from 1838-1842 with a few species noted. 2. Phase two: 1920-1940 includes the Whitney South Sea Expedition. The application of science in bird surveys becomes more coherent than previous expeditions. 3. Phase three: 1950-today – modern taxonomic treatise. Research activities on the birds of Fiji are in progress with recent efforts to document the population of the Fiji Petrel. 427
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NATURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY REPORT O
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ABBREVIATIONS FIMS Fiji Islands Met
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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DEFINITIONS 1 : CHAPTER 3 1. Closed
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CHAPTER 3: LAND RESOURCES INVENTORY
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Map 3.1: Physical Geography of Viti
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3.2 SOILS OF FIJI Studies confirm t
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Table 3.4: Forest Area Derived From
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Map 3.2: Forest Cover of Fiji Sourc
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Table 3.7 shows areas of various fo
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Goshawk (Accipiter rufitorques). Fr
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Forests of Taveuni The upland fores
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Table 3.12: Fijian Endemic Land Sna
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discovery. Additionally, Barker (20
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1987, Paine et al. 1994) and is com
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Table 3.14: Numbers of ―Fijian‖
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Figure 3.4: Photograph of a living
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Figure 3.6: Photograph of an endemi
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ORDER BLATTODEA Family BLABERIDAE D
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Tricorynus herbarius (Gorham), 1883
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Stenorhis promus Jordan, 1937 psomu
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Undetermined Genus & species Cyphag
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pyroglypta Fairmaire, 1877 pyrura F
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Batocera nebulosa Bates, 1877 Cacod
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pinguis Thomson [nomen nudum; Schme
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thawathi Dillon & Dillon, 1952 thol
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Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus), 1758 [D
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ugosa callosa Gressitt in Bryant &
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vermiculata Gressitt in Bryant & Gr
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transversalis Fabricius, 1781; repa
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Amblycnemis sp. [Zimmerman, 1956] A
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fijianus (Schedl), 1951 [Ozopemon]
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Ficicis porcatus (Chapuis), 1869 [H
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angulata Zimmerman, 1936 ater Zimme
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tenuis Browne, 1984 [from Lund Coll
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fijianus (Schedl), 1938 [Xyleborus]
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Conobajulus ugiensis Van Zwaluwenbe
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Fornax anchastoides Fleutiaux, 1932
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Coelofletium coelostomoides (Balfou
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puncticollis Wittmer, 1983 savuraen
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decolor (Fairmaire), 1849 [Nacerdes
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Monteitheolus fijiensis Howden & St
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Cryptomorpha desjardinsi (Guérin-M
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nigriceps Cameron, 1926 Diestota al
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Lispinus praenobilis Bernhauer, 192
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Sternotropa brevicornis Cameron, 19
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Enneacoides vinculiger Fairmaire, 1
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Tagalus brevissimus Kaszab, 1955 br
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venusta Steinmann, 1985 Chaetospani
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Mesoleptogaster levusara Evenhuis,
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"costalis group sp. no. 2" [Dyce et
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striolata (Wiedemann), 1830 [Chloro
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kilaka Bickel, 2009 kotoi Bickel, 2
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Family DROSOPHILIDAE Dettopsomyia f
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Nostima sp. — [from BPBM collecti
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Undetermined genus sp. — [N. Even
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kraussi Alexander, 1956 pietatis Al
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sp. [FNIC collection] Family MILICH
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greenwoodi (Edwards), 1924 [Delopsi
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Meringomeria neurostigma (Bezzi), 1
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pacifica Edwards, 1924 Plastosciara
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Sphaerofijia evazaeformis Bezzi, 19
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Blepharipa sp. — [from BPBM colle
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Sipholeskia ignifrons Bezzi, 1928 S
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Family TIPULIDAE Holorusia damuda E
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fungicola (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ctenone
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Peltoscytus klysi Lis, 1993 Family
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Nesostethus bipartitus Scudder, 198
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ovatus (Herczek), 1991 [Isometopus]
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laaevis Bergroth, 1894 Piezodorus r
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[Plociomerus] Pseudopachybrachius g
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fosteri Andersen, 1989 Microvelia p
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vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Cicadul
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corynetus corynetus Duffels, 1977 c
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Latistria eupompe (Kirkaldy), 1907
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clitoria Fennah, 1950 coccinea Muir
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camilla kanduvuana Fennah, 1950 cli
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Dialeurodes greenwoodi Corbett, 193
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Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893 urb
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tokionus (Kuwana), 1902: 81 [Mytila
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Paracoccus dendricola Williams & Wa
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Pleistodontes greenwoodi (Grandi),
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lackburni Cameron, 1881 rugulosus L
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sp. [Schmeltz, 1866] Dirhinus giffa
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Aenasius advena Compere, 1937 Anagy
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Thripastichus thripophonus Watersto
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maudella Mann 1921 maudella seemann
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Pachycondyla stigma (Fabricius), 18
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wheeleri Mann, 1921 Tapinoma melano
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dolosus (Tosquinet), 1896 [Ophion];
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sp. 2 [Bennett, 2009] sp. 3 [Bennet
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sp. [J. Huber, in litt.] Camptopter
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calandrae (Howard), 1881 [Pteromalu
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atra (Kieffer) [L. Masner, in litt.
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impetuosa (Smith), 1861 [Icaria]; s
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Undetermined Genus sp. [Dugdale, 19
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Acritocera negligens Butler, 1886 F
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glauculalis (Guenée), 1854 [Margar
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Lygropispha eoxantha Meyrick, 1933
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Rehimena infundibulalis (Snellen va
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lipara Bradley, 1953 Pectinophora g
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samoana fijiensis Robinson, 1975 sa
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Maxates albifulgens (Prout), 1934 [
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Symmacra solidaria baptata (Warren)
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Hasora chromus bilunata (Butler), 1
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Calliteara fidjiensis (Mabille & Vu
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signata (Fabricius), 1792 [Noctua]
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Dichromia quinqualis Walker, 1859 t
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Harita nodyna (Bethune-Baker), 1908
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Microthripa buxtoni Tams, 1935 Mnio
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jocosatrix Guenée, 1852 magnifica
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festiva (Donovan), 1805 [Phalaena]
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menippe Hübner, 1816 [as plexippus
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Pseudaegeria squamicornis (Felder &
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zelimalis Walker, 1859 itysalis Wal
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Diasemiopsis ramburialis Duponchel,
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ardua Swinhoe, 1902; drucei Bethune
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nigricostalis (Walker), 1863 [Trach
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hirundo samoanum Rothschild & Jorda
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utella Zeller, 1852 Tinea chlorospo
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Tortrix leucocharis Meyrick, 1933 T
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Family SISYRIDAE Sisyra palmata New
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eurybia (Sélys-Longchamps), 1878 [
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configens Otte & Cowper in Otte, 20
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africana Palisot de Beauvois, 1805
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lutescens Walker, 1869 nitida (Redt
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incisus (Piaget), 1880 [Colpocephal
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vitiensis Thornton, 1981 Lepidopsoc
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mara Thornton, 1981 marostica Thorn
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magnus Moulton, 1944 Haplothrips go
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Elixothrips brevisetus (Bagnall), 1
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moselyi Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, J
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or dry zone. Montane forest is a re
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11 Ruppiaceae 1 12 Cymodoceaceae 3
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99 Turneraceae 1 100 Passifloraceae
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32; 187 Orchidaceae 169 188 Phormia
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26 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum ret
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80 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes den
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134 Vittariaceae Antrophyum smithii
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188 Arthyriaceae Diplazium harpeode
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242 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia irregula
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296 Polypodiaceae Microsorium punct
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22. Alismataceae Sagittaria sagitti
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76. Musaceae Musa troglodytarum L.
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129. Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan L. E
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183. Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.)
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237. Poaceae Oplismenus imbecillis
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291. Poaceae Zea mays L. Exotic 292
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345. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum cv.
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399. Annonaceae Cananga odorata (La
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453. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenu
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507. Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum
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561. Urticaceae Elatostema tenellum
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615. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybri
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669. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sub
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723. Malvaceae Abelmoshus moschatus
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777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion colli
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831. Euphorbiaceae Croton metallicu
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885. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia dege
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939. Capparaceae Capparis quiniflor
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993. Sapotaceae Palaquium fidjiense
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1047. Cunoniaceae 1 Weinmannia viti
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1101. Caesalpiniaceae 7 Caesalpinia
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1155. Fabaceae 1 Andira inermis (Wr
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1209. Fabaceae 1 Macropsychanthus l
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1263. Fabaceae 2 Crotalaria juncea
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1317. Myrtaceae 2 Syzygium corynoca
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1365. Melastomataceae 3 Medinella l
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1419. Anacardiaceae 3 Pistacia chin
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1472. Meliaceae 4 Azadirachta indic
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1526. Sapindaceae 4 Elattostachys v
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1580. Dichapetalaceae 5 Dichapetalu
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1634. Apocynaceae 2 Neisosperma opp
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1688. Oleaceae 7 Jasminum betchei F
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1742. Rubiaceae 1 Ixora pelagica Se
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1796. Rubiaceae 1 Psychotria prismo
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1850. Rubiaceae 2 Psychotria bracke
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1904. Solanaceae 2 Datura stramoniu
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1958. Scrophulariaceae 7 Limnophila
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2012. Acanthaceae 1 Cuscuta campest
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2066. Verbenaceae 1 Faradaya vitien
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2120. Asteraceae 2 Eclipta prostrat
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2174. Orchidaceae 2 Peristylus novo
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2228. Orchidaceae 3 Dendrobium vaga
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2282. Orchidaceae 3 Bulbophyllum tr
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2336. Phormiaceae 4 Dianella adenan
Page 373 and 374:
48. Asteraceae Centratherum punctat
Page 375 and 376: 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108.
Page 377 and 378: Table 3.21: CHECKLIST TO THE TREE S
Page 379 and 380: 89 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var
Page 381 and 382: 181 Loganiaceae Geniostoma spec.div
Page 383 and 384: 273 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulat
Page 385 and 386: 365 Symplocaceae Symplocos leptophy
Page 387 and 388: 69 Myrtaceae Syzygium decussatus Ya
Page 389 and 390: game. The conservation status for M
Page 391 and 392: Figure 3.8: Map of areas surveyed a
Page 393 and 394: Figure 3.10: The ground cover of th
Page 395 and 396: Figure 3.12: Male Friendly Ground D
Page 397 and 398: Discussion Makodraga and Makogai Is
Page 399 and 400: Figure 3.15 Woody lianas and short
Page 401 and 402: Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra falcata E
Page 403 and 404: 3.13 INTRODUCED SPECIES An introduc
Page 405 and 406: Indian myna (Acridotheres tristis).
Page 407 and 408: 23% endemism (McGinley, 2007). Some
Page 409 and 410: 3.21 CONCLUSION In this chapter I h
Page 411 and 412: 3.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ajisaka, S., and
Page 413 and 414: Central Intelligence Agency. (2009)
Page 415 and 416: Fiji Pine Limited. (2006). Pine Pla
Page 417 and 418: Leslie, D.M. (1997). Soils of Fiji.
Page 419 and 420: Nature Fiji. (2010). Endangered Spe
Page 421 and 422: Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis
Page 423 and 424: Wells, J. (1977). A Preliminary Rep
Page 425: CONTACT LIST OF THE VARIOUS STAKEHO
Page 429 and 430: Eleven species have been introduced
Page 431 and 432: Centipedes and Millipedes of Fiji D
Page 433 and 434: Biodiversity of Fijian Land Snails
Page 435 and 436: Table 1. Land mammals of Fiji Pacif
Page 437 and 438: National Biodiversity Inventory for
Page 439 and 440: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many thanks to our
Page 441 and 442: INTRODUCTION Plant checklists are t
Page 443 and 444: 7 14 Liliaceae 4 15 Alliaceae 2 16
Page 445 and 446: 9 102 Cochlospermaceae 1 103 Cariac
Page 448 and 449: CHECKLIST TO THE FERNS OF FIJI No.
Page 450 and 451: 56 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum p
Page 452 and 453: 114 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis tubero
Page 454 and 455: 172 Aspleniaceae Asplenium excisum
Page 456 and 457: 230 Aspidiaceae Tectaria decurrens
Page 458 and 459: 288 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia blepharo
Page 460 and 461: 25. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila mino
Page 462 and 463: 83. Zingiberaceae Zingiber officina
Page 464 and 465: 140. Cyperaceae Machaerina falcata
Page 466 and 467: 198. Poaceae Zoysia japonica Steude
Page 468 and 469: 256. Poaceae Pennisetum polystachyo
Page 470 and 471: 314. Arecaceae Archontophoenix alex
Page 472 and 473: 372. Pandanaceae Pandanus gillespie
Page 474 and 475: 429. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nodosa
Page 476 and 477:
487. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turrilli
Page 478 and 479:
545. Moraceae Malaisia scandens (Lo
Page 480 and 481:
603. Portulacaceae Portulaca olerac
Page 482 and 483:
661. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kas
Page 484 and 485:
719. Malvaceae Hibiscus schizopetal
Page 486 and 487:
777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion colli
Page 488 and 489:
835. Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutan
Page 490 and 491:
893. Flacourtiaceae Casearia myrsin
Page 492 and 493:
951. Brassicaceae Lobularia maritim
Page 494 and 495:
1009. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa vitiensis
Page 496 and 497:
1067. 3 Mimosaceae Adenathera pavon
Page 498 and 499:
1125. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna multi
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1183. 1 Fabaceae Dendrobium umbella
Page 502 and 503:
1241. 2 Fabaceae Macroptilium lathy
Page 504 and 505:
1299. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus macula
Page 506 and 507:
1354. 3 Myrtaceae Eugenia brasilien
Page 508 and 509:
1412. 3 Anacardiaceae Magnifera ind
Page 510 and 511:
1470. 4 Rutaceae Limonia acidissima
Page 512 and 513:
1528. 4 Sapindaceae Cossignia pacif
Page 514 and 515:
1586. 5 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauriti
Page 516 and 517:
1644. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia montan
Page 518 and 519:
1702. 8 Rubiaceae Neolamarckia cada
Page 520 and 521:
1760. 1 Rubiaceae Coffea liberica H
Page 522 and 523:
1818. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria incomp
Page 524 and 525:
1876. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis biflora
Page 526 and 527:
1934. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-
Page 528 and 529:
1992. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra denh
Page 530 and 531:
2050. 1 Verbenaceae Verbena brasili
Page 532 and 533:
2108. 2 Asteraceae Elephantopus mol
Page 534 and 535:
2166. 2 Asteraceae Emilia sonchifol
Page 536 and 537:
2224. 3 Orchidaceae Coelogyne macdo
Page 538 and 539:
2282. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum tr
Page 540 and 541:
Preliminary checklist of recently i
Page 542 and 543:
52. Asteraceae Wedelia trilobata (L
Page 544 and 545:
110. Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens
Page 546 and 547:
CHECKLIST TO THE TREE SPECIES OF FI
Page 548 and 549:
100 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chel
Page 550 and 551:
204 Meliaceae Dysoxylum gillespiean
Page 552 and 553:
308 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron robus
Page 554 and 555:
23 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia B
Page 556 and 557:
INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES THE U
Page 558 and 559:
RAPID BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF MA
Page 560 and 561:
is currently used as a picnic spot
Page 562 and 563:
Figure 1: Map of areas surveyed and
Page 564 and 565:
The survey two months later by P. H
Page 566 and 567:
Table 2: List of Land birds of Mako
Page 568 and 569:
Figure 7. Coastal Forest Type with
Page 570 and 571:
Discussion The Dry Forest vegetatio
Page 572 and 573:
Fabaceae Millettia pinnata Ind X X
Page 574 and 575:
Summary Report to Fiji Government D
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The Forest Resources Assessment Pro
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Rep
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 1.2
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji The
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 2 T
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Tab
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji All
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 11
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 11.
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji In
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Not
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