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RAPID BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF MAKODRAGA ISLAND, LOMAIVITI By Marika Tuiwawa (South Pacifica Regional Herbarium-USP), Isaac Rounds (Conservation International), Jone Niukula (National Trust Fiji), Saras Sharma (Fiji Department Fisheries) & Nunia Thomas (NatureFiji Mareqeti Viti) 31 st October – 1 st November, 2009 3
Introduction Makodraga is an uninhabited island 1.4km off the main island of Makogai, sitting on the NW border of the Lomaiviti Province. It has an area of about 82ha with an intact tropical forest vegetation cover. The highest point is some 120m above sea level, is volcanic with steep slopes and has potential to be a translocation site for the Fijian Crested Iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) from Yadua Taba Island in Bua Province, Vanua Levu. Makodraga Island, Lomaiviti Province, Fiji. The IUCN Red listed endangered Fijian Crested Iguana is endemic to tropical dry forests found on smaller islands of Fiji. Yadua Taba Island has good tropical dry forest along with the largest (and only secure) population of B. vitiensis in Fiji and has been proposed as a translocation source for iguana conservation. Declining populations have been recorded from other islands in the Yasawa Group, Mamanuca Group and Macuata Island off the north and north-west coast of Viti Levu. The aim of this rapid biodiversity assessment survey of Makodraga Island was to find out if it is appropriate as a translocation site for crested iguanas. Opportunistic fauna and floral surveys were conducted on Saturday 31 st October and Sunday 1 st November 2009 on the island of Makodraga. Background Makodraga and Makogai Islands were purchased by the Fiji Government in 1908 to accommodate a leper colony that was then operational from 1911 to 1969. During the Leprosy era, a small bay on the island of Makodraga was utilized as an Observatory point and was later used as a picnic spot for the Lepers. The southern end of the bay 4
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NATURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY REPORT O
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ABBREVIATIONS FIMS Fiji Islands Met
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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DEFINITIONS 1 : CHAPTER 3 1. Closed
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CHAPTER 3: LAND RESOURCES INVENTORY
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Map 3.1: Physical Geography of Viti
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3.2 SOILS OF FIJI Studies confirm t
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Table 3.4: Forest Area Derived From
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Map 3.2: Forest Cover of Fiji Sourc
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Table 3.7 shows areas of various fo
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Goshawk (Accipiter rufitorques). Fr
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Forests of Taveuni The upland fores
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Table 3.12: Fijian Endemic Land Sna
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discovery. Additionally, Barker (20
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1987, Paine et al. 1994) and is com
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Table 3.14: Numbers of ―Fijian‖
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Figure 3.4: Photograph of a living
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Figure 3.6: Photograph of an endemi
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ORDER BLATTODEA Family BLABERIDAE D
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Tricorynus herbarius (Gorham), 1883
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Stenorhis promus Jordan, 1937 psomu
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Undetermined Genus & species Cyphag
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pyroglypta Fairmaire, 1877 pyrura F
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Batocera nebulosa Bates, 1877 Cacod
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pinguis Thomson [nomen nudum; Schme
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thawathi Dillon & Dillon, 1952 thol
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Bruchus pisorum (Linnaeus), 1758 [D
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ugosa callosa Gressitt in Bryant &
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vermiculata Gressitt in Bryant & Gr
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transversalis Fabricius, 1781; repa
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Amblycnemis sp. [Zimmerman, 1956] A
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fijianus (Schedl), 1951 [Ozopemon]
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Ficicis porcatus (Chapuis), 1869 [H
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angulata Zimmerman, 1936 ater Zimme
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tenuis Browne, 1984 [from Lund Coll
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fijianus (Schedl), 1938 [Xyleborus]
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Conobajulus ugiensis Van Zwaluwenbe
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Fornax anchastoides Fleutiaux, 1932
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Coelofletium coelostomoides (Balfou
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puncticollis Wittmer, 1983 savuraen
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decolor (Fairmaire), 1849 [Nacerdes
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Monteitheolus fijiensis Howden & St
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Cryptomorpha desjardinsi (Guérin-M
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nigriceps Cameron, 1926 Diestota al
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Lispinus praenobilis Bernhauer, 192
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Sternotropa brevicornis Cameron, 19
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Enneacoides vinculiger Fairmaire, 1
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Tagalus brevissimus Kaszab, 1955 br
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venusta Steinmann, 1985 Chaetospani
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Mesoleptogaster levusara Evenhuis,
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"costalis group sp. no. 2" [Dyce et
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striolata (Wiedemann), 1830 [Chloro
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kilaka Bickel, 2009 kotoi Bickel, 2
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Family DROSOPHILIDAE Dettopsomyia f
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Nostima sp. — [from BPBM collecti
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Undetermined genus sp. — [N. Even
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kraussi Alexander, 1956 pietatis Al
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sp. [FNIC collection] Family MILICH
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greenwoodi (Edwards), 1924 [Delopsi
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Meringomeria neurostigma (Bezzi), 1
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pacifica Edwards, 1924 Plastosciara
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Sphaerofijia evazaeformis Bezzi, 19
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Blepharipa sp. — [from BPBM colle
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Sipholeskia ignifrons Bezzi, 1928 S
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Family TIPULIDAE Holorusia damuda E
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fungicola (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ctenone
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Peltoscytus klysi Lis, 1993 Family
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Nesostethus bipartitus Scudder, 198
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ovatus (Herczek), 1991 [Isometopus]
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laaevis Bergroth, 1894 Piezodorus r
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[Plociomerus] Pseudopachybrachius g
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fosteri Andersen, 1989 Microvelia p
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vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Cicadul
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corynetus corynetus Duffels, 1977 c
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Latistria eupompe (Kirkaldy), 1907
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clitoria Fennah, 1950 coccinea Muir
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camilla kanduvuana Fennah, 1950 cli
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Dialeurodes greenwoodi Corbett, 193
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Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893 urb
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tokionus (Kuwana), 1902: 81 [Mytila
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Paracoccus dendricola Williams & Wa
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Pleistodontes greenwoodi (Grandi),
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lackburni Cameron, 1881 rugulosus L
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sp. [Schmeltz, 1866] Dirhinus giffa
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Aenasius advena Compere, 1937 Anagy
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Thripastichus thripophonus Watersto
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maudella Mann 1921 maudella seemann
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Pachycondyla stigma (Fabricius), 18
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wheeleri Mann, 1921 Tapinoma melano
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dolosus (Tosquinet), 1896 [Ophion];
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sp. 2 [Bennett, 2009] sp. 3 [Bennet
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sp. [J. Huber, in litt.] Camptopter
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calandrae (Howard), 1881 [Pteromalu
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atra (Kieffer) [L. Masner, in litt.
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impetuosa (Smith), 1861 [Icaria]; s
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Undetermined Genus sp. [Dugdale, 19
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Acritocera negligens Butler, 1886 F
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glauculalis (Guenée), 1854 [Margar
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Lygropispha eoxantha Meyrick, 1933
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Rehimena infundibulalis (Snellen va
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lipara Bradley, 1953 Pectinophora g
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samoana fijiensis Robinson, 1975 sa
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Maxates albifulgens (Prout), 1934 [
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Symmacra solidaria baptata (Warren)
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Hasora chromus bilunata (Butler), 1
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Calliteara fidjiensis (Mabille & Vu
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signata (Fabricius), 1792 [Noctua]
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Dichromia quinqualis Walker, 1859 t
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Harita nodyna (Bethune-Baker), 1908
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Microthripa buxtoni Tams, 1935 Mnio
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jocosatrix Guenée, 1852 magnifica
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festiva (Donovan), 1805 [Phalaena]
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menippe Hübner, 1816 [as plexippus
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Pseudaegeria squamicornis (Felder &
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zelimalis Walker, 1859 itysalis Wal
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Diasemiopsis ramburialis Duponchel,
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ardua Swinhoe, 1902; drucei Bethune
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nigricostalis (Walker), 1863 [Trach
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hirundo samoanum Rothschild & Jorda
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utella Zeller, 1852 Tinea chlorospo
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Tortrix leucocharis Meyrick, 1933 T
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Family SISYRIDAE Sisyra palmata New
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eurybia (Sélys-Longchamps), 1878 [
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configens Otte & Cowper in Otte, 20
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africana Palisot de Beauvois, 1805
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lutescens Walker, 1869 nitida (Redt
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incisus (Piaget), 1880 [Colpocephal
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vitiensis Thornton, 1981 Lepidopsoc
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mara Thornton, 1981 marostica Thorn
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magnus Moulton, 1944 Haplothrips go
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Elixothrips brevisetus (Bagnall), 1
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moselyi Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, J
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or dry zone. Montane forest is a re
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11 Ruppiaceae 1 12 Cymodoceaceae 3
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99 Turneraceae 1 100 Passifloraceae
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32; 187 Orchidaceae 169 188 Phormia
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26 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum ret
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80 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes den
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134 Vittariaceae Antrophyum smithii
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188 Arthyriaceae Diplazium harpeode
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242 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia irregula
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296 Polypodiaceae Microsorium punct
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22. Alismataceae Sagittaria sagitti
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76. Musaceae Musa troglodytarum L.
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129. Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan L. E
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183. Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.)
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237. Poaceae Oplismenus imbecillis
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291. Poaceae Zea mays L. Exotic 292
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345. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum cv.
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399. Annonaceae Cananga odorata (La
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453. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenu
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507. Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum
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561. Urticaceae Elatostema tenellum
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615. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybri
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669. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus sub
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723. Malvaceae Abelmoshus moschatus
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777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion colli
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831. Euphorbiaceae Croton metallicu
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885. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia dege
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939. Capparaceae Capparis quiniflor
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993. Sapotaceae Palaquium fidjiense
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1047. Cunoniaceae 1 Weinmannia viti
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1101. Caesalpiniaceae 7 Caesalpinia
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1155. Fabaceae 1 Andira inermis (Wr
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1209. Fabaceae 1 Macropsychanthus l
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1263. Fabaceae 2 Crotalaria juncea
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1317. Myrtaceae 2 Syzygium corynoca
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1365. Melastomataceae 3 Medinella l
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1419. Anacardiaceae 3 Pistacia chin
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1472. Meliaceae 4 Azadirachta indic
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1526. Sapindaceae 4 Elattostachys v
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1580. Dichapetalaceae 5 Dichapetalu
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1634. Apocynaceae 2 Neisosperma opp
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1688. Oleaceae 7 Jasminum betchei F
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1742. Rubiaceae 1 Ixora pelagica Se
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1796. Rubiaceae 1 Psychotria prismo
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1850. Rubiaceae 2 Psychotria bracke
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1904. Solanaceae 2 Datura stramoniu
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1958. Scrophulariaceae 7 Limnophila
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2012. Acanthaceae 1 Cuscuta campest
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2066. Verbenaceae 1 Faradaya vitien
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2120. Asteraceae 2 Eclipta prostrat
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2174. Orchidaceae 2 Peristylus novo
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2228. Orchidaceae 3 Dendrobium vaga
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2282. Orchidaceae 3 Bulbophyllum tr
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2336. Phormiaceae 4 Dianella adenan
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48. Asteraceae Centratherum punctat
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102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108.
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Table 3.21: CHECKLIST TO THE TREE S
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89 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var
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181 Loganiaceae Geniostoma spec.div
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273 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulat
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365 Symplocaceae Symplocos leptophy
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69 Myrtaceae Syzygium decussatus Ya
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game. The conservation status for M
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Figure 3.8: Map of areas surveyed a
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Figure 3.10: The ground cover of th
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Figure 3.12: Male Friendly Ground D
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Discussion Makodraga and Makogai Is
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Figure 3.15 Woody lianas and short
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Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra falcata E
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3.13 INTRODUCED SPECIES An introduc
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Indian myna (Acridotheres tristis).
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23% endemism (McGinley, 2007). Some
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3.21 CONCLUSION In this chapter I h
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3.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY Ajisaka, S., and
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Central Intelligence Agency. (2009)
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Fiji Pine Limited. (2006). Pine Pla
Page 417 and 418:
Leslie, D.M. (1997). Soils of Fiji.
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Nature Fiji. (2010). Endangered Spe
Page 421 and 422:
Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis
Page 423 and 424:
Wells, J. (1977). A Preliminary Rep
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CONTACT LIST OF THE VARIOUS STAKEHO
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Birds of the Fiji Islands Dick Watl
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Eleven species have been introduced
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Centipedes and Millipedes of Fiji D
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Biodiversity of Fijian Land Snails
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Table 1. Land mammals of Fiji Pacif
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National Biodiversity Inventory for
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many thanks to our
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INTRODUCTION Plant checklists are t
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7 14 Liliaceae 4 15 Alliaceae 2 16
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9 102 Cochlospermaceae 1 103 Cariac
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CHECKLIST TO THE FERNS OF FIJI No.
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56 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum p
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114 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis tubero
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172 Aspleniaceae Asplenium excisum
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230 Aspidiaceae Tectaria decurrens
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288 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia blepharo
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25. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila mino
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83. Zingiberaceae Zingiber officina
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140. Cyperaceae Machaerina falcata
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198. Poaceae Zoysia japonica Steude
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256. Poaceae Pennisetum polystachyo
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314. Arecaceae Archontophoenix alex
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372. Pandanaceae Pandanus gillespie
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429. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nodosa
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487. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turrilli
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545. Moraceae Malaisia scandens (Lo
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603. Portulacaceae Portulaca olerac
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661. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kas
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719. Malvaceae Hibiscus schizopetal
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777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion colli
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835. Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutan
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893. Flacourtiaceae Casearia myrsin
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951. Brassicaceae Lobularia maritim
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1009. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa vitiensis
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1067. 3 Mimosaceae Adenathera pavon
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1125. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna multi
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1183. 1 Fabaceae Dendrobium umbella
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1241. 2 Fabaceae Macroptilium lathy
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1299. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus macula
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1354. 3 Myrtaceae Eugenia brasilien
Page 508 and 509: 1412. 3 Anacardiaceae Magnifera ind
Page 510 and 511: 1470. 4 Rutaceae Limonia acidissima
Page 512 and 513: 1528. 4 Sapindaceae Cossignia pacif
Page 514 and 515: 1586. 5 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauriti
Page 516 and 517: 1644. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia montan
Page 518 and 519: 1702. 8 Rubiaceae Neolamarckia cada
Page 520 and 521: 1760. 1 Rubiaceae Coffea liberica H
Page 522 and 523: 1818. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria incomp
Page 524 and 525: 1876. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis biflora
Page 526 and 527: 1934. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-
Page 528 and 529: 1992. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra denh
Page 530 and 531: 2050. 1 Verbenaceae Verbena brasili
Page 532 and 533: 2108. 2 Asteraceae Elephantopus mol
Page 534 and 535: 2166. 2 Asteraceae Emilia sonchifol
Page 536 and 537: 2224. 3 Orchidaceae Coelogyne macdo
Page 538 and 539: 2282. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum tr
Page 540 and 541: Preliminary checklist of recently i
Page 542 and 543: 52. Asteraceae Wedelia trilobata (L
Page 544 and 545: 110. Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens
Page 546 and 547: CHECKLIST TO THE TREE SPECIES OF FI
Page 548 and 549: 100 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chel
Page 550 and 551: 204 Meliaceae Dysoxylum gillespiean
Page 552 and 553: 308 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron robus
Page 554 and 555: 23 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia B
Page 556 and 557: INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES THE U
Page 560 and 561: is currently used as a picnic spot
Page 562 and 563: Figure 1: Map of areas surveyed and
Page 564 and 565: The survey two months later by P. H
Page 566 and 567: Table 2: List of Land birds of Mako
Page 568 and 569: Figure 7. Coastal Forest Type with
Page 570 and 571: Discussion The Dry Forest vegetatio
Page 572 and 573: Fabaceae Millettia pinnata Ind X X
Page 574 and 575: Summary Report to Fiji Government D
Page 586 and 587: The Forest Resources Assessment Pro
Page 588 and 589: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Rep
Page 590 and 591: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 1.2
Page 592 and 593: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji The
Page 594 and 595: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 2 T
Page 598 and 599: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Tab
Page 604 and 605: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 4 T
Page 606 and 607: FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji All
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 5 T
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 5.3
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 11
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji 11.
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji In
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FRA 2010 - Country Report, Fiji Not
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