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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 The number of structures defined by this grammar is an exponential function of the number of words. N= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #trees = 2 5 14 132 469 1430 4862 16796 1053686 … b. N compounds [ N NN] n → nn This series same as for PPs, except PP1 is like a N3 compound: n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #trees 1 1 2 5 14 42 132 429 1420 4862 c. Coordination [ X XandX] NP → NP (and NP) ∗ This is equivalent to the grammar: np → np and np np → np and np and np np → np and np and np and np np → np and np and np and np and np np → np and np and np and np and np and np np → np and np and np and np and np and np and np np → np and np and np and np and np and np and np and np np → np and np and np and np and np and np and np and np and np … n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 #trees 1 1 3 11 45 197 903 4279 20793 103049 97
Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (56) Structurally resolved (local) ambiguity a. Agreement: In simple English clauses, the subject and verb agree, even though the subject and verb can be arbitrarily far apart: a. The deer {are, is} in the field b. The deer, the guide claims, {are, is} in the field b. Binding: The number of the embedded subject is unspecified in the following sentence: a. I expect the deer to admire the pond. But in similar sentences it can be specified by binding relations: b. I expect the deer to admire {itself,themselves} in the reflecions of the pond. c. Head movement: a. i. Have the students take the exam! ii. Have the students taken the exam? b. i. Is the block sitting in the box? ii. Is the block sitting in the box red? d. A movement: a. i. The chairi is ti too wobbly for the old lady to sit on it ii. The chairi is ti too wobbly for the old lady to sit on ti e. A’ movement: a. i. Whoi did you help ti to prove that John was unaware that he had been leaking secrets ii. Whoi did you help ti to prove that John was unaware ti that he had been leaking secrets to ti (57) English is not glcola(k) for any triggers and any k. Marcus (1980) pointed out that the ambiguity in, for example, (56c-a), is beyond the ability of an LR(k) parser, as is easy to see. Since LR is the bottom-up extreme of the GLC lattice, delaying structural decisions the longest, the fact that English and other human languages are not LR(k) means that they are not deterministic with k symbols of lookahead for any of the glcola(k) parsers. 98
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Notes on computati
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Linguisti
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 1 Setting
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 1.2 Propo
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (8) Pitfa
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 In fact,
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 10. Call
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 compute s
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (11) Pred
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 1.6 The l
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 L0 and L1
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Exercises
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 3 more ex
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 2 Recogni
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (8) Then
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 1 ?- [col
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 lex(’th
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 2 ?- ([
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (3) Dalry
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 3.3 Recog
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (100) Abn
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Entropy (
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 8.2.3 Ass
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (142) We
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 8.4 Next
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 9.1 “Mi
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (4) More
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 This is a
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (7) Let
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 dP3 maria
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 9.1.4 Fou
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (21) The
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 10.4 Modi
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 10.6.3 Mu
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 sentence:
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Example:
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 15.1 Mono
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Example:
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 16 Harder
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 A first,
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 CP C’ C
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 (5) In su
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Reference
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Cornell,
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Hale, Joh
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Stabler - Lx 185/209 2003 Kraft, L.
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Index (x, y), openintervalfromx to
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