The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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The pr€s€¡t stüdy ãtteÍìfts to st{dy the reLatj.ve role cf the tlec proposed n€ural mechlrìislis. fJsing the co¡tro1 tiìeorT aplrrÕach a¡ìaylsis, it attenpi_s to evaluat€ the f,håract€ristics of the ccrtical and cerebÊl1ar ñ.edro¡al systens as activ€, ar-going procèssès in their að-iustre.nts to varíous leï€}s of ¿enå¡al in . tining r of behaviour. ¡listorical B a€kg roun d Litê rature suffortinq hvÞothesis I and tenpolal discriminaticn as j.¡ hibit ory pracêsses. : ilelayËñ xesp oû a function of, cortica L The '1 936 Faper publish€d ty Jacobsen prêcipitated the sea¡ch for the neurological nechanis¡ts for pEefrontal lo be-les ion -i rtduc€ al iûpai_rsent cn ale].ay€d respo'tse taslçs. åfter bilatÊral pr€fro tal .lcbecto$iês, his nonkeys shol{ed a sêvere ard pernan€nt inpâirnent oû fluntêrr s delayed r€sp6ns€ test in the Eisconsirl Genera1 Test Afrparatus {!iCtA) , deLay€d al_telrration, go-no-go tests, sênsory dlscr:û j.oaticn, discr5-mination revèrsal" a¡d to a 1êssêr ext-ent¡ aì'cidânce training. the najûrity of resul-ts favors th€ ccncêpt cf tàe flfrortaI 1obe sysi_enii proposed by RosycLd and Sz¡rarcbart {1964){hich íncluded the do¡scl-atèral pretrontal cortex, the ðtìteriodorsal asp€ct of the h€ad of the caudat€ nucleus, tlìe subthalêüus (aììil possibly the hiFFrcampus) as cÕ[ì¡]o¡erìts of, the cortical inhibitory syst€m respoasj,bte for d.elayed
espons€ perfcrmaîce {Battig ,toseÐl{ and }!ishkin, 1952iDivac,1tð8 {a} , {b} ; Ðivac ,Êcsvo1d. and Szïarcbart, 196?; Fox,Kimbl-e å Li.key,1964; cross,1963 {a) , hompson, I d); G.ross et a1,1962,19ó¡¡; ¡la¡sing Schflartzìlaum and thoæpsc.n,l9ó8¡ KonorskÍ,1959,1961.1964,196?; {ish*i-n ,Prockop and Aos?c1d ,1962i p¡ibrin,1955; Rosvolt E 5znarclart,1962,196tti StaID,1968,1969"19?0; SÈamn and nosen, 1969; elc). It shou1d b€ ãotëd., hÐ¡,ever, that Hunterrs rrd€layçd xêsponsèü illvôlyes restraint of S by the ê.rperinentex ãs llÈlj- as sêlf-resÈrai¡t, It thus is soo€*¡hat ditfereBt fron pavlovian ÐH. Anatonical gv i dence: à r:atonical studies havç sho#D the existence cf leufonal FôrthrdåIs ainong thès€ ccrtical_ and s$bcortical stluctures. I¡ the ycueg a¡d adult albino rats, 'debstÐr {'1961) perforn€d local-izêd ccrticå,1 ablations via sûct j.ca or thernoccagulation and suÌ:seguently traced thê pattëEn of retrograrìe degeneration traced, usirg t.he çolgi rapid eeÈhod, garc¡irs m€thod and the l{auta nethod. H€¡ster shoïed tla+- all rats lith ccrtical ablat.ioas exhibited striatal d€gêneraticn, tthaûges iE thê position of the lesion çroduce changes in thê locat.ioris of th¿ regj.oc of the striâtüE found to contain d€g€n€ratiÕn. Th€ striatal degereratj-on is soxe *id€sFr€ad dorsally ihan neaxêr thè pal1iûum,r. Therê ¡ere no axo¡al teEmitration in the pa1li
Page 1 and 2: U¡I IV EIì SIT T Og }lANTTI]BII T
Page 3 and 4: To Dr, Terrence p. Hogan, r4rhose d
Page 5 and 6: J. gÉcJrtyr€, D¡. V. fia¡rl.j-
Page 7 and 8: 4851RÀCT îJsieg the ccncêpÈ j-n
Page 9: ChaFter 1 nêvies of l,i t€ ra tu
Page 13 and 14: tail cf thê nuclèus. Kenp speciti
Page 15 and 16: espons€ lia various experimentê1
Page 17 and 18: iûemory of t Le di¡ecticnal cr€
Page 19 and 20: Test Açparatus. ]n the :rbait€dt
Page 21 and 22: sho!¡eC that (1) botà bilat.€ra
Page 23 and 24: aJìd prefrontal; Éost.erior caud
Page 25 and 26: oo.re plecise descríptj-cn cf tiì
Page 27 and 28: contrary to Èhê seco:ìd 1ësicn.
Page 29 and 30: enalns. Witä proLcnged stirula¿io
Page 31 and 32: Effects Õf tbe stiflìulaticn .n t
Page 33 and 34: vioural a:ìd êlect_rophysiolcgica
Page 35 and 36: ately iollcw:.ng ti¡û€ cut of t
Page 37 and 38: they i¡¡bi.b!t dif f erent behavi
Page 39 and 40: dê1ayêd respÕ]]se ¡aìd t€epo
Page 41 and 42: subjec t s. üiles { t96q) rê}ûrt
Page 43 and 44: ¡ent in th task. Th€ se"êrj-t.y
Page 45 and 46: fashioD. Ècberts stat€d tbat tbe
Page 47 and 48: ather then thÐ reflex apparatus of
Page 49 and 50: perforn certaiD tasks. IhÈf shô*
Page 51 and 52: t_EÀ Dff ¡ìÞ llr TBE TIi TS SlT
Page 53 and 54: Frgura 2. À schenìatic diagram Ð
Page 55 and 56: the latter flill- carse a i¡crease
Page 57 and 58: a1l Ss {Hhj.ttiert Orx,1962), follo
Page 59 and 60: tion , a iailu¡e to rêspond durin
Page 61 and 62:
. BE,HAVIORAL G ) MEASURE _ _ ___J
Page 63 and 64:
¡xp€riaental aesign: the ¡€la
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Èxpêrieê¡tal sessicn conpris€
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PSOCTDIJS! A. Delayed Conditj_on€
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Du.ring surgêrl, a scalp vas used
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a1 prûcedures lierê doûe j.r¡ t
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thê last pre-operativ€ day aåd
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considë¡aticì. .fôr a rdor€ d
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HhÊn thê sìlFerimposed .I/0 coDr
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actiyity colr:tter êtc, Ss j-! the
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Figure 4, t{ean of the totaL nueber
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Sigurs 5. l{€an of a) total l€v
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Íigure 6. ïhe n€an Ëespc¡s€
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3ì-gure ?. ThË d.if ferÈ¡ce pto
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figurê 8. Þ- plot of the H CD on
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Figurè 9" the phese p].ane repr€
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Yigure 10, The phase diagran Õf be
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-lP coO DP/DT i.60 (t-- -c I (t o -
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.a r O< co,
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.00 16 .00 B l. 00 T ( ÞAYJ
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î ) r(, tlJ I F = U) J I t rd o ul
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last t'¡o ti$ê blocks. These resu
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shorte¡ 1at€nciês ,the trajêct
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(n td (n z. o o_ U) td É. J t-o F
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CAUDATE OPERATED CONTROL N=5 :::[ -
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Þro; - prl d. 00 0. 20 0. q0 -t C)
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acLti+l',àn af t/o & rest svrger¡
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ç ô F
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_1 3ã coF
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a F Ë .9. ô DPlDT 0. ûrl o) -J -
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-0.12 -0.10 -0. 0B DPlDT -0. 06 -0.
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oB jo- 10/¿c
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perrfìanent-l'y êtaxicrthough t¡
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êspo¡sÈ of the slstem flas Colì
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¡igure 24. l{ealì of tatal nünb
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figure 25. The mêan of a) totâl l
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Figure 26. The ean respors€ laten
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Figure 2?. Th€. differ€ncê Fl-
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figurë 28. P Flot Õf Ð-1 syst€
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',' O< O¿I æF
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16'r.00 2t..00 url.00 I'i. 00 T ( D
Page 145 and 146:
0uaJ o/1 {î foÍaÚ'¡z-\ I .sJ ¿
Page 147 and 148:
h0'0- IA/ ¿C
Page 149 and 150:
.n,vd, oJ t/o I, 1.68 P
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LAST DAY ON DCA €-o CEREBELLAR SS
Page 153 and 154:
ìu$ber of rei¡forc€d 1€ver F
Page 155 and 156:
figure 35. Beans o'f altst-al lever
Page 157 and 158:
fj-guEê 36. Thê ¡Þêa¡¡ respo
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Figurê 37. P{0}-P{T) plct cf !-r c
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Figur-- 38. P plct of ¡-I C an DC
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Fígure 39 P flot of t-.tr c group
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Figure 40 P plot of D-I c grcup ait
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Pigure 41. Phase repres€ìtation
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figure 42. Phase diagraB Ð{ t-f c
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figure .43. Phasè diagram of Ð-I
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GÊOüP V the group sÍtå bilatera
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Pr€-operat j,qely the r€sFo¡se
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FiguEê 49. Aciívity levêl of fro
Page 179 and 180:
figure 45. geans of total- I}r bÊr
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I'igure 46. Effects of 2.5eg/r'kg d
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Figure 4?. Þlean resporse låt€n
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Figure ¡¡8. Ðiffer+nce plot I {0
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Figüre 49. F pl-ot of th€ frcrta
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'rigure 50" Phasè pla¡ìe reFrese
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figure 51. P plot cf frÕntâl €y
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figure 52. P plot of Érontal syst
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figure 53. Phas€ dLagrâm .f lron
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figure 54, lesioning. focüs around
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gigure 55. EltinctiÕn curv€s of
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GRoUP v.r the group *ith bil-at€r
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Sj.gure 56" The neans of a) tctaL l
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Figure 5?. ¡leân r€sponse lat
Page 207 and 208:
Figurê 58. titferÈnce plct of the
Page 209 and 210:
FiguEe 59. P çlot of the frontal s
Page 211 and 212:
¡'igu¡e 60. F plot cf the troãta
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Figlrre 61. ? plct of the systeû s
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-!l: _l O ne tnt 0. 00
Page 218 and 219:
¿ 09'1 I P O n) I P O F tl rcl 1\
Page 221 and 222:
cRoup vIT t*e qxoup ¡{ith bilãt
Page 223 and 224:
initial ¡egât:i-ve relative èrro
Page 225 and 226:
Y I LIJ II-þ ö P CD control n-3 m
Page 227 and 228:
(n L] (n ;Z o o_ (Ð Ld r J F o F [
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1 () Ld 2 No Coireclionol Input C)
Page 231 and 232:
D I 'T: I - f tlJ 5-00 P r0) 3. 00
Page 234 and 235:
Tigure 68, P f lo+- of P CD systen
Page 236 and 237:
liEurë 59. P pl-ct oÍ P CD systë
Page 238 and 239:
figutre 70. thas€ plar¡e rep.res
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figurê ?1. thase d.iagraûr e1èct
Page 242 and 243:
gigurê ?2. phase d j.agxam of P C
Page 244 and 245:
Figure 73. trxtj.!ìction cqrÌes o
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GROI¡P VIII the group ljith shan l
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predomi.natj-ng forc: Õf erti.ncti
Page 250 and 251:
U) l! U) z o o- U) ¡.rJ E. J F o F
Page 252 and 253:
t Þ c õ' J g (D
Page 254 and 255:
_ P (T] 0-20 0.40 P (0) c0. 00
Page 257 and 258:
Fågure ?8. P llût of P cX C pcior
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fÍgure 79. P plot cf P cD c subsê
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Íigure 80" Phase dj-agra! cf P CÐ
Page 263:
yígure 81. ?hâs€ diagran of p C
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GAOü.P VIITI the norcal control gr
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p].ots of the N group bêfcr€ and
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figure 84. th€ seans af al cèal
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Figure 85. T!€ úean resçcnsê l
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figure 86, The diff€Ë€nc€ pl
Page 277 and 278:
giEure 87. P p1Ðt af the ncrnaì s
Page 279 and 280:
FigurÐ 88. I plot of the Bor¡ìal
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 89. .P Flot of the rìornal
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 90. Phase diagran of the nor
Page 285 and 286:
figurê 9'l . Phesê ðiagraB ci th
Page 287 and 288:
Figüre 92. Phase plaae represenr-a
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N TS ü1,Ì S: THB IiISTOI.OGÏCÀL
Page 291 and 292:
Th€ s€ct j-cns of the corpus c
Page 293 and 294:
Du€ tc the closeness of thê l*si
Page 295 and 296:
quadrant j.n th. right heaisçh€x
Page 297 and 298:
the lesianing cuErent prcdüceü a
Page 299 and 300:
figure 93. Ðiagrannìatj.c rÊpr+s
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Ðj-agra$ Ð. À diagran ct a braiq
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Ðiagram c.À diagran Ðf a brain s
Page 305 and 306:
Diagran 8. Ðiagraus cf brai¡ spec
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Ðiagran À. A diagEar!ì af a bila
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'1:' t" rat # 85, sJ-ide -/ Z,area
Page 311 and 312:
at ,# 51 , slide 1J point of entry
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_. \- I ¡ s lid.e ;f 14 slide # 15
Page 315 and 316:
Ea-. ¡at # 81, slide t' 4 rat ,.f
Page 317 and 318:
tu¡€s. Co¡ìsequently àher€
Page 319 and 320:
Ï/Ð ccntf,c1. Iio*eveE,i-h€ beh
Page 321 and 322:
voluntary u¡skil-I€d movenênts
Page 323 and 324:
nê¡nely tàê ahility -tro dêIay
Page 325 and 326:
The post-oFerative testíng sèssio
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a!. d Erocks al-l- i.np1i*d th€ e
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REFTASNCES âtlEian, E.Ð. After€
Page 331 and 332:
Inhibitcry ¡esponses to Lasal- gan
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disordârs ct mcvement.I.cndo¡:Oxf
Page 335 and 336:
çross,C,Ð. Ccnpar j.sc¡ Ði thê
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llarren E AN€rt{€ds.},T}€ Frc
Page 339 and 340:
of T €C€At ne sì or y a n å m
Page 341 and 342:
Nautard.J.¡l . Sc ìê etfereat cc
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York: Ap FL€tcn-C€ntury cEsf ts
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Toaonicr!Ì. :¡tlo. to nonlirìear
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ÀPFTNDI T 1
Page 349 and 350:
tla lasz u se d the e.lastic spring
Page 351 and 352:
index is conput€d âad fêd ¡ack
Page 353 and 354:
tendencj.es cf a freqre¡cy distrib
Page 355 and 356:
the un knar¿n €q uaiio¡s. l{he
Page 357 and 358:
statistical êstimaticr, !chich doe
Page 359 and 360:
¿n9 of the bêhavioural systens lo
Page 361 and 362:
nois€s/cont an anants. ovÊraIl.,
Page 363:
CEREEEI-LUM IVlOTOR ÜCRTEX CONTROL
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The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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