The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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continuously eve¡ i¡ tbe abs€¡c€ cf the CS. "Fresunab.]-y a cèl€asê nÈchânism accounts for +.hesa notÕr ûanifesta- tj-o¡s, si¡tc€ th€ï al-1 rêrê c1êarly c¡servabl€ in th€ p¡elimi¡ary F€rio¿l of testingn (Brutkorski, 1955). Konorski {1951) suümariz.d tàe sofk on act iühi¡i- tion frcm t}êir Labcratory. Dcgs Here train€d to perfora ìfarious tyF€s of €xcitatcry and inhibitory cRs. Thê prefronta]. lesion incl"üding tite fronta I poles rostral tô th€ presylvia¡ sulcus {Í.e", gyrus prorêus, gyËus subpro- teus a¡d the a]]terior pârt of g}¡us or.l]itâlis and the subjacênt l{hj.t€ $atter) uer€ th€Þ renor€ti. postopêrâtire testing showed ",hat positivc ûRs uere èithêr Eorual or enha¡c€d. ehile ixhibitory CAs fl€re ilisinhibited. ?his sas the case Écr both alinêrìtary and d€fensive CRs. this effêct ås attributed to inpairßent of, internâ1 inhibi- tÍon, rchich, acrorðing to ¡{c¡orski, ¡{as båsed on the fornaticn of inhíbj.tory ccn¡êctio¡s bêtueen t.he centra.l- reprêsentaticns of the CS aîd I'CS, alongc1th the ercita- tory ccnn*ctiôns f orm{åd €arfier . Also prefron tal .lesions ßay eiiher prod.uc€ r€latively pure drive dísinl¡i- bition, $h€n t.¡€ lesicn j-s l¿ûi-t€d to the ff,ontal pÕIes, o! to ûotox r€spo¡ts€ atisi¡hi_bition nhen the lesion encrðaches upon the precruciate area. Ðrnsh €t al, (19f 'l] traineð rhesus aorlkeys Õn a seEies af 11-t¡j-al object ðj-scrini.ni¡tÍon Èask presentèd at the rate of three proble¡lts p€r day unõel t!.o åiffêrent condi.tiaÐs cf Èest.i.ng j-n a mcdifietl gi,sconsin çeneral
Test Açparatus. ]n the :rbait€dtr condition, t.he chaice of oûê o¡j€ct- of tls paj"r ô¡ the first trial was ðlHays associat€d vj-th â revard, a¡d c¡ the remainj-ãg 10 trials th€ S ãas requ1r€d tc choos€ the saae ob j€ct, In tþe 'ru¡¡aited.'f con¿iticn the choic€ of an objecÈ of the pair in the first trial bas nes€r associateal i¡j"th a r€saxd, and on th€ su.lls€guent 10 trìals the S râs ¡êguis€d tc choose Èhê cthÈË o¡ ject.. ¡ihi1ê nr inpairment occurretl in the !rbaitêdü conilit.icn, t¡e fra¡tal Ss perforned poorly on th€ rrunbait€dtr probtem. On the assunption that the object chci,ces on t¡e fisst trials ïère dête¡mined ¡y åversicns and preferêtces fcr Õne object over the cther, the Foor performance in the r¡unbaitedte condition sas ascribêd ta the frcniaL arinâ]st grâat persistelce or in€rtia of their i.nitial sêtstt. Brush êt a1 ., thus suggesteil tlat. aninals ¡{j-tl¡ frcntal ablations had Ìlif f j-- culty in wj-thbc1äi¡q any strong approach t€nd€ncy result- ing frcm trai¡Íng or prefereace, thereby perseverating cn one respons€ to thê excLusicn of othexs. Impairne¡t on ¿iffêrêÐtiation a¡d dêlay€d rësIcnsè tasks 1jer€ also attributed to the san€ ètfêcts (Battig et al, 19ó0, '1962; Brush et â1, 196'li Brstkolrski êt al, 19ó3 ; 1964) . H ishkin, Battig, Eosvolal and t{ishkj-n {1960) tested nonkeys with caudãt€ and frcntal lesions i¡ì dê}ayêd a"ì.t.êrnat j-an and delayeil respcns€ t€sts, Th€ delayeil respoÈsè train- ing cclsi.st.€d Õf tìro phas€s. In phase f therê ¡{as t4
Page 1 and 2: U¡I IV EIì SIT T Og }lANTTI]BII T
Page 3 and 4: To Dr, Terrence p. Hogan, r4rhose d
Page 5 and 6: J. gÉcJrtyr€, D¡. V. fia¡rl.j-
Page 7 and 8: 4851RÀCT îJsieg the ccncêpÈ j-n
Page 9 and 10: ChaFter 1 nêvies of l,i t€ ra tu
Page 11 and 12: espons€ perfcrmaîce {Battig ,tos
Page 13 and 14: tail cf thê nuclèus. Kenp speciti
Page 15 and 16: espons€ lia various experimentê1
Page 17: iûemory of t Le di¡ecticnal cr€
Page 21 and 22: sho!¡eC that (1) botà bilat.€ra
Page 23 and 24: aJìd prefrontal; Éost.erior caud
Page 25 and 26: oo.re plecise descríptj-cn cf tiì
Page 27 and 28: contrary to Èhê seco:ìd 1ësicn.
Page 29 and 30: enalns. Witä proLcnged stirula¿io
Page 31 and 32: Effects Õf tbe stiflìulaticn .n t
Page 33 and 34: vioural a:ìd êlect_rophysiolcgica
Page 35 and 36: ately iollcw:.ng ti¡û€ cut of t
Page 37 and 38: they i¡¡bi.b!t dif f erent behavi
Page 39 and 40: dê1ayêd respÕ]]se ¡aìd t€epo
Page 41 and 42: subjec t s. üiles { t96q) rê}ûrt
Page 43 and 44: ¡ent in th task. Th€ se"êrj-t.y
Page 45 and 46: fashioD. Ècberts stat€d tbat tbe
Page 47 and 48: ather then thÐ reflex apparatus of
Page 49 and 50: perforn certaiD tasks. IhÈf shô*
Page 51 and 52: t_EÀ Dff ¡ìÞ llr TBE TIi TS SlT
Page 53 and 54: Frgura 2. À schenìatic diagram Ð
Page 55 and 56: the latter flill- carse a i¡crease
Page 57 and 58: a1l Ss {Hhj.ttiert Orx,1962), follo
Page 59 and 60: tion , a iailu¡e to rêspond durin
Page 61 and 62: . BE,HAVIORAL G ) MEASURE _ _ ___J
Page 63 and 64: ¡xp€riaental aesign: the ¡€la
Page 65 and 66: Èxpêrieê¡tal sessicn conpris€
Page 67 and 68: PSOCTDIJS! A. Delayed Conditj_on€
Page 69 and 70:
Du.ring surgêrl, a scalp vas used
Page 71 and 72:
a1 prûcedures lierê doûe j.r¡ t
Page 73 and 74:
thê last pre-operativ€ day aåd
Page 75 and 76:
considë¡aticì. .fôr a rdor€ d
Page 77 and 78:
HhÊn thê sìlFerimposed .I/0 coDr
Page 79 and 80:
actiyity colr:tter êtc, Ss j-! the
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 4, t{ean of the totaL nueber
Page 83 and 84:
Sigurs 5. l{€an of a) total l€v
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Íigure 6. ïhe n€an Ëespc¡s€
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3ì-gure ?. ThË d.if ferÈ¡ce pto
Page 89 and 90:
figurê 8. Þ- plot of the H CD on
Page 91 and 92:
Figurè 9" the phese p].ane repr€
Page 93:
Yigure 10, The phase diagran Õf be
Page 96 and 97:
-lP coO DP/DT i.60 (t-- -c I (t o -
Page 98 and 99:
.a r O< co,
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.00 16 .00 B l. 00 T ( ÞAYJ
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î ) r(, tlJ I F = U) J I t rd o ul
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last t'¡o ti$ê blocks. These resu
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shorte¡ 1at€nciês ,the trajêct
Page 108 and 109:
(n td (n z. o o_ U) td É. J t-o F
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CAUDATE OPERATED CONTROL N=5 :::[ -
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Þro; - prl d. 00 0. 20 0. q0 -t C)
Page 114 and 115:
acLti+l',àn af t/o & rest svrger¡
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ç ô F
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_1 3ã coF
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a F Ë .9. ô DPlDT 0. ûrl o) -J -
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-0.12 -0.10 -0. 0B DPlDT -0. 06 -0.
Page 124 and 125:
oB jo- 10/¿c
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perrfìanent-l'y êtaxicrthough t¡
Page 128 and 129:
êspo¡sÈ of the slstem flas Colì
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¡igure 24. l{ealì of tatal nünb
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figure 25. The mêan of a) totâl l
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 26. The ean respors€ laten
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Figure 2?. Th€. differ€ncê Fl-
Page 138:
figurë 28. P Flot Õf Ð-1 syst€
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',' O< O¿I æF
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16'r.00 2t..00 url.00 I'i. 00 T ( D
Page 145 and 146:
0uaJ o/1 {î foÍaÚ'¡z-\ I .sJ ¿
Page 147 and 148:
h0'0- IA/ ¿C
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.n,vd, oJ t/o I, 1.68 P
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LAST DAY ON DCA €-o CEREBELLAR SS
Page 153 and 154:
ìu$ber of rei¡forc€d 1€ver F
Page 155 and 156:
figure 35. Beans o'f altst-al lever
Page 157 and 158:
fj-guEê 36. Thê ¡Þêa¡¡ respo
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Figurê 37. P{0}-P{T) plct cf !-r c
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Figur-- 38. P plct of ¡-I C an DC
Page 163 and 164:
Fígure 39 P flot of t-.tr c group
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Figure 40 P plot of D-I c grcup ait
Page 167 and 168:
Pigure 41. Phase repres€ìtation
Page 169 and 170:
figure 42. Phase diagraB Ð{ t-f c
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figure .43. Phasè diagram of Ð-I
Page 173 and 174:
GÊOüP V the group sÍtå bilatera
Page 175 and 176:
Pr€-operat j,qely the r€sFo¡se
Page 177 and 178:
FiguEê 49. Aciívity levêl of fro
Page 179 and 180:
figure 45. geans of total- I}r bÊr
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I'igure 46. Effects of 2.5eg/r'kg d
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Figure 4?. Þlean resporse låt€n
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Figure ¡¡8. Ðiffer+nce plot I {0
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Figüre 49. F pl-ot of th€ frcrta
Page 189 and 190:
'rigure 50" Phasè pla¡ìe reFrese
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figure 51. P plot cf frÕntâl €y
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figure 52. P plot of Érontal syst
Page 195 and 196:
figure 53. Phas€ dLagrâm .f lron
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figure 54, lesioning. focüs around
Page 199 and 200:
gigure 55. EltinctiÕn curv€s of
Page 201 and 202:
GRoUP v.r the group *ith bil-at€r
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Sj.gure 56" The neans of a) tctaL l
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Figure 5?. ¡leân r€sponse lat
Page 207 and 208:
Figurê 58. titferÈnce plct of the
Page 209 and 210:
FiguEe 59. P çlot of the frontal s
Page 211 and 212:
¡'igu¡e 60. F plot cf the troãta
Page 213:
Figlrre 61. ? plct of the systeû s
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-!l: _l O ne tnt 0. 00
Page 218 and 219:
¿ 09'1 I P O n) I P O F tl rcl 1\
Page 221 and 222:
cRoup vIT t*e qxoup ¡{ith bilãt
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initial ¡egât:i-ve relative èrro
Page 225 and 226:
Y I LIJ II-þ ö P CD control n-3 m
Page 227 and 228:
(n L] (n ;Z o o_ (Ð Ld r J F o F [
Page 229 and 230:
1 () Ld 2 No Coireclionol Input C)
Page 231 and 232:
D I 'T: I - f tlJ 5-00 P r0) 3. 00
Page 234 and 235:
Tigure 68, P f lo+- of P CD systen
Page 236 and 237:
liEurë 59. P pl-ct oÍ P CD systë
Page 238 and 239:
figutre 70. thas€ plar¡e rep.res
Page 240 and 241:
figurê ?1. thase d.iagraûr e1èct
Page 242 and 243:
gigurê ?2. phase d j.agxam of P C
Page 244 and 245:
Figure 73. trxtj.!ìction cqrÌes o
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GROI¡P VIII the group ljith shan l
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predomi.natj-ng forc: Õf erti.ncti
Page 250 and 251:
U) l! U) z o o- U) ¡.rJ E. J F o F
Page 252 and 253:
t Þ c õ' J g (D
Page 254 and 255:
_ P (T] 0-20 0.40 P (0) c0. 00
Page 257 and 258:
Fågure ?8. P llût of P cX C pcior
Page 259 and 260:
fÍgure 79. P plot cf P cD c subsê
Page 261 and 262:
Íigure 80" Phase dj-agra! cf P CÐ
Page 263:
yígure 81. ?hâs€ diagran of p C
Page 267 and 268:
GAOü.P VIITI the norcal control gr
Page 269 and 270:
p].ots of the N group bêfcr€ and
Page 271 and 272:
figure 84. th€ seans af al cèal
Page 273 and 274:
Figure 85. T!€ úean resçcnsê l
Page 275 and 276:
figure 86, The diff€Ë€nc€ pl
Page 277 and 278:
giEure 87. P p1Ðt af the ncrnaì s
Page 279 and 280:
FigurÐ 88. I plot of the Bor¡ìal
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 89. .P Flot of the rìornal
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 90. Phase diagran of the nor
Page 285 and 286:
figurê 9'l . Phesê ðiagraB ci th
Page 287 and 288:
Figüre 92. Phase plaae represenr-a
Page 289 and 290:
N TS ü1,Ì S: THB IiISTOI.OGÏCÀL
Page 291 and 292:
Th€ s€ct j-cns of the corpus c
Page 293 and 294:
Du€ tc the closeness of thê l*si
Page 295 and 296:
quadrant j.n th. right heaisçh€x
Page 297 and 298:
the lesianing cuErent prcdüceü a
Page 299 and 300:
figure 93. Ðiagrannìatj.c rÊpr+s
Page 301 and 302:
Ðj-agra$ Ð. À diagran ct a braiq
Page 303 and 304:
Ðiagram c.À diagran Ðf a brain s
Page 305 and 306:
Diagran 8. Ðiagraus cf brai¡ spec
Page 307 and 308:
Ðiagran À. A diagEar!ì af a bila
Page 309 and 310:
'1:' t" rat # 85, sJ-ide -/ Z,area
Page 311 and 312:
at ,# 51 , slide 1J point of entry
Page 313 and 314:
_. \- I ¡ s lid.e ;f 14 slide # 15
Page 315 and 316:
Ea-. ¡at # 81, slide t' 4 rat ,.f
Page 317 and 318:
tu¡€s. Co¡ìsequently àher€
Page 319 and 320:
Ï/Ð ccntf,c1. Iio*eveE,i-h€ beh
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voluntary u¡skil-I€d movenênts
Page 323 and 324:
nê¡nely tàê ahility -tro dêIay
Page 325 and 326:
The post-oFerative testíng sèssio
Page 327 and 328:
a!. d Erocks al-l- i.np1i*d th€ e
Page 329 and 330:
REFTASNCES âtlEian, E.Ð. After€
Page 331 and 332:
Inhibitcry ¡esponses to Lasal- gan
Page 333 and 334:
disordârs ct mcvement.I.cndo¡:Oxf
Page 335 and 336:
çross,C,Ð. Ccnpar j.sc¡ Ði thê
Page 337 and 338:
llarren E AN€rt{€ds.},T}€ Frc
Page 339 and 340:
of T €C€At ne sì or y a n å m
Page 341 and 342:
Nautard.J.¡l . Sc ìê etfereat cc
Page 343 and 344:
York: Ap FL€tcn-C€ntury cEsf ts
Page 345 and 346:
Toaonicr!Ì. :¡tlo. to nonlirìear
Page 347 and 348:
ÀPFTNDI T 1
Page 349 and 350:
tla lasz u se d the e.lastic spring
Page 351 and 352:
index is conput€d âad fêd ¡ack
Page 353 and 354:
tendencj.es cf a freqre¡cy distrib
Page 355 and 356:
the un knar¿n €q uaiio¡s. l{he
Page 357 and 358:
statistical êstimaticr, !chich doe
Page 359 and 360:
¿n9 of the bêhavioural systens lo
Page 361 and 362:
nois€s/cont an anants. ovÊraIl.,
Page 363:
CEREEEI-LUM IVlOTOR ÜCRTEX CONTROL
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The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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