The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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deficits or all tasks far both groups, fn *-he case cf th€ d€lay€d-alt€rnâticn task, tlê operation producèd a qreater eff€c¿ in th€ oldêr Ss, trut perfornance lJas better in th€ .lal€r ¡ol8al Ss. The authors attributed the pattern of raüage to inpairnent it a function [ediat€d by th.e arbita] cortêx, which, in contras¿ to d.orsolat€ra1 tunction {trkèrt, et a1, 1960} j.s not coüp€n- sat€d by êarl.y renoval. H¿rlor et aì" (1963¡ 19ó4¡ have showed t.hat dorsolâtefal_ Frefrûntal lobectony Frod. ucê dê1ay€d-r€stonse alef,iciÈs only ílÌ üonkeys 5 Bonths ol-d or ovêr . TÕ study the neural_ nechanisms canceEneal Ðith rëgil- laÈicn a.f respansÍvity and 1atê¡alizatiort i¡ neural orgarj.zatia.a, HansiÎ9, Scbrartzbaur a d ?honpson { 1969 ) studied th€ Èftècts of uìi.1at€raI and bilat€ral câudate nucleus lesiox cn rats in ls-sec. TI anrl 1-niî EI schedu.les. ss {s Ee train€il tû prèss leve¡ i_n !ryo-lèver box for 8% sucrcsë so]uticn. Ðaily s€ssioûs $€r€ gireD alternatj.vell¡ ith each cl the tHo l"ever. The resìjlts flêr€ as .tcl.lo!ìs: t nilat€xal caudate lesibns causÐd a comFl-€t€ cessaÈion cf lev€r pr€ssjng ¡¡ith the contralãt- eral pau. BetrailtÍng sas nct successful" Even yhen attract€d ta the levêr, the S did not reach pre-operative level of p€rforüance. l{ith ii seõcnd-stagê caudat€ J.esion of the opposì-te sidê, scû€ Ss fail-èd to rêspðnd sith €itlìer f or€ Fa'¡i, ùh.iLe sÕne ss shoyed a recoy+ry f rom an od¿ patlex¡ of depressed respcûsâ {ith th€ forepau 21
contrary to Èhê seco:ìd 1ësicn. The cortical ].esio¡ vhiclr inclùC€d thê sensorimclor areas although s¡rfficieet tc induce traBsiÈrìt paralysis of contralateral l-imbs and ilisturtanc€ in placing rèacticns, aliå not .iopede 1€vêr pressinE ûj.th t.he contralatêra1 fcrepalc. ûne-stag€ bil"at€ral casdat€ l-esions did ¡ct p¡oal$cè any systenatic behaviou¡al- chaoges oB tl¡e VT scheCule but shor¡Êd a significant shift in the t€npor:al distribì¡tion cf responses dur3.ng th€ first hal.T of eacb FI. t¡r¡ilat€ral Iesion (f tb€ samê subcortical arça did not producê aãy delocnstra.bl€ charges in p€rfoxnance. ûn thê othêr ha¡d, Hhile uDilateral caùdate l€sica proãuced a signifåcant decrease in r€sFcnse rate rith th* coatra-latêra1 .linb, hil-ateral cau{lat€ ]esían prcdüc€d no slsteEatic shift in toFcAraphy cf rê.pÕ¡sè, though it Aid inc¡ease the tàangês j.Tl respoßse pattera í¡ aË absolute s€nsê. fh€ authors attributÊd t.hê changes to lesioa-induced distr¡r- bance in tb€ initiaticn o behavicur, flhich is a function of the striato-pallidal systen {HaBsing, et ê1, l96B; Ðênny -Br ûÐn . 19621 . ELêctrical Stiüüfatj-ot Expêfin€nts Turning to Èir€ exp€riÍ:€nts using €lect¡íca1 stioula- ticn, c¡* is inpressed by the relativë consiste¡cy in the Eesults obtai[ed f¡an ditfèr€nt la¡orat.oriês. The $crk of 8uc.¡1ra1d, myers, ¿aupr€càt and äèuser { 1961 ) sho¡r€d Èhat lov tr€gu€ncï stiüu"laticn of thè cauilat€ nucl_€us {?0?, .01 ns€c. at 5 sec" intêrvals } activated 22
Page 1 and 2: U¡I IV EIì SIT T Og }lANTTI]BII T
Page 3 and 4: To Dr, Terrence p. Hogan, r4rhose d
Page 5 and 6: J. gÉcJrtyr€, D¡. V. fia¡rl.j-
Page 7 and 8: 4851RÀCT îJsieg the ccncêpÈ j-n
Page 9 and 10: ChaFter 1 nêvies of l,i t€ ra tu
Page 11 and 12: espons€ perfcrmaîce {Battig ,tos
Page 13 and 14: tail cf thê nuclèus. Kenp speciti
Page 15 and 16: espons€ lia various experimentê1
Page 17 and 18: iûemory of t Le di¡ecticnal cr€
Page 19 and 20: Test Açparatus. ]n the :rbait€dt
Page 21 and 22: sho!¡eC that (1) botà bilat.€ra
Page 23 and 24: aJìd prefrontal; Éost.erior caud
Page 25: oo.re plecise descríptj-cn cf tiì
Page 29 and 30: enalns. Witä proLcnged stirula¿io
Page 31 and 32: Effects Õf tbe stiflìulaticn .n t
Page 33 and 34: vioural a:ìd êlect_rophysiolcgica
Page 35 and 36: ately iollcw:.ng ti¡û€ cut of t
Page 37 and 38: they i¡¡bi.b!t dif f erent behavi
Page 39 and 40: dê1ayêd respÕ]]se ¡aìd t€epo
Page 41 and 42: subjec t s. üiles { t96q) rê}ûrt
Page 43 and 44: ¡ent in th task. Th€ se"êrj-t.y
Page 45 and 46: fashioD. Ècberts stat€d tbat tbe
Page 47 and 48: ather then thÐ reflex apparatus of
Page 49 and 50: perforn certaiD tasks. IhÈf shô*
Page 51 and 52: t_EÀ Dff ¡ìÞ llr TBE TIi TS SlT
Page 53 and 54: Frgura 2. À schenìatic diagram Ð
Page 55 and 56: the latter flill- carse a i¡crease
Page 57 and 58: a1l Ss {Hhj.ttiert Orx,1962), follo
Page 59 and 60: tion , a iailu¡e to rêspond durin
Page 61 and 62: . BE,HAVIORAL G ) MEASURE _ _ ___J
Page 63 and 64: ¡xp€riaental aesign: the ¡€la
Page 65 and 66: Èxpêrieê¡tal sessicn conpris€
Page 67 and 68: PSOCTDIJS! A. Delayed Conditj_on€
Page 69 and 70: Du.ring surgêrl, a scalp vas used
Page 71 and 72: a1 prûcedures lierê doûe j.r¡ t
Page 73 and 74: thê last pre-operativ€ day aåd
Page 75 and 76: considë¡aticì. .fôr a rdor€ d
Page 77 and 78:
HhÊn thê sìlFerimposed .I/0 coDr
Page 79 and 80:
actiyity colr:tter êtc, Ss j-! the
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 4, t{ean of the totaL nueber
Page 83 and 84:
Sigurs 5. l{€an of a) total l€v
Page 85 and 86:
Íigure 6. ïhe n€an Ëespc¡s€
Page 87 and 88:
3ì-gure ?. ThË d.if ferÈ¡ce pto
Page 89 and 90:
figurê 8. Þ- plot of the H CD on
Page 91 and 92:
Figurè 9" the phese p].ane repr€
Page 93:
Yigure 10, The phase diagran Õf be
Page 96 and 97:
-lP coO DP/DT i.60 (t-- -c I (t o -
Page 98 and 99:
.a r O< co,
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.00 16 .00 B l. 00 T ( ÞAYJ
Page 102 and 103:
î ) r(, tlJ I F = U) J I t rd o ul
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last t'¡o ti$ê blocks. These resu
Page 106 and 107:
shorte¡ 1at€nciês ,the trajêct
Page 108 and 109:
(n td (n z. o o_ U) td É. J t-o F
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CAUDATE OPERATED CONTROL N=5 :::[ -
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Þro; - prl d. 00 0. 20 0. q0 -t C)
Page 114 and 115:
acLti+l',àn af t/o & rest svrger¡
Page 116 and 117:
ç ô F
Page 118 and 119:
_1 3ã coF
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a F Ë .9. ô DPlDT 0. ûrl o) -J -
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-0.12 -0.10 -0. 0B DPlDT -0. 06 -0.
Page 124 and 125:
oB jo- 10/¿c
Page 126 and 127:
perrfìanent-l'y êtaxicrthough t¡
Page 128 and 129:
êspo¡sÈ of the slstem flas Colì
Page 130 and 131:
¡igure 24. l{ealì of tatal nünb
Page 132 and 133:
figure 25. The mêan of a) totâl l
Page 134 and 135:
Figure 26. The ean respors€ laten
Page 136 and 137:
Figure 2?. Th€. differ€ncê Fl-
Page 138:
figurë 28. P Flot Õf Ð-1 syst€
Page 141 and 142:
',' O< O¿I æF
Page 143 and 144:
16'r.00 2t..00 url.00 I'i. 00 T ( D
Page 145 and 146:
0uaJ o/1 {î foÍaÚ'¡z-\ I .sJ ¿
Page 147 and 148:
h0'0- IA/ ¿C
Page 149 and 150:
.n,vd, oJ t/o I, 1.68 P
Page 151 and 152:
LAST DAY ON DCA €-o CEREBELLAR SS
Page 153 and 154:
ìu$ber of rei¡forc€d 1€ver F
Page 155 and 156:
figure 35. Beans o'f altst-al lever
Page 157 and 158:
fj-guEê 36. Thê ¡Þêa¡¡ respo
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Figurê 37. P{0}-P{T) plct cf !-r c
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Figur-- 38. P plct of ¡-I C an DC
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Fígure 39 P flot of t-.tr c group
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Figure 40 P plot of D-I c grcup ait
Page 167 and 168:
Pigure 41. Phase repres€ìtation
Page 169 and 170:
figure 42. Phase diagraB Ð{ t-f c
Page 171 and 172:
figure .43. Phasè diagram of Ð-I
Page 173 and 174:
GÊOüP V the group sÍtå bilatera
Page 175 and 176:
Pr€-operat j,qely the r€sFo¡se
Page 177 and 178:
FiguEê 49. Aciívity levêl of fro
Page 179 and 180:
figure 45. geans of total- I}r bÊr
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I'igure 46. Effects of 2.5eg/r'kg d
Page 183 and 184:
Figure 4?. Þlean resporse låt€n
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Figure ¡¡8. Ðiffer+nce plot I {0
Page 187 and 188:
Figüre 49. F pl-ot of th€ frcrta
Page 189 and 190:
'rigure 50" Phasè pla¡ìe reFrese
Page 191 and 192:
figure 51. P plot cf frÕntâl €y
Page 193 and 194:
figure 52. P plot of Érontal syst
Page 195 and 196:
figure 53. Phas€ dLagrâm .f lron
Page 197 and 198:
figure 54, lesioning. focüs around
Page 199 and 200:
gigure 55. EltinctiÕn curv€s of
Page 201 and 202:
GRoUP v.r the group *ith bil-at€r
Page 203 and 204:
Sj.gure 56" The neans of a) tctaL l
Page 205 and 206:
Figure 5?. ¡leân r€sponse lat
Page 207 and 208:
Figurê 58. titferÈnce plct of the
Page 209 and 210:
FiguEe 59. P çlot of the frontal s
Page 211 and 212:
¡'igu¡e 60. F plot cf the troãta
Page 213:
Figlrre 61. ? plct of the systeû s
Page 216 and 217:
-!l: _l O ne tnt 0. 00
Page 218 and 219:
¿ 09'1 I P O n) I P O F tl rcl 1\
Page 221 and 222:
cRoup vIT t*e qxoup ¡{ith bilãt
Page 223 and 224:
initial ¡egât:i-ve relative èrro
Page 225 and 226:
Y I LIJ II-þ ö P CD control n-3 m
Page 227 and 228:
(n L] (n ;Z o o_ (Ð Ld r J F o F [
Page 229 and 230:
1 () Ld 2 No Coireclionol Input C)
Page 231 and 232:
D I 'T: I - f tlJ 5-00 P r0) 3. 00
Page 234 and 235:
Tigure 68, P f lo+- of P CD systen
Page 236 and 237:
liEurë 59. P pl-ct oÍ P CD systë
Page 238 and 239:
figutre 70. thas€ plar¡e rep.res
Page 240 and 241:
figurê ?1. thase d.iagraûr e1èct
Page 242 and 243:
gigurê ?2. phase d j.agxam of P C
Page 244 and 245:
Figure 73. trxtj.!ìction cqrÌes o
Page 246 and 247:
GROI¡P VIII the group ljith shan l
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predomi.natj-ng forc: Õf erti.ncti
Page 250 and 251:
U) l! U) z o o- U) ¡.rJ E. J F o F
Page 252 and 253:
t Þ c õ' J g (D
Page 254 and 255:
_ P (T] 0-20 0.40 P (0) c0. 00
Page 257 and 258:
Fågure ?8. P llût of P cX C pcior
Page 259 and 260:
fÍgure 79. P plot cf P cD c subsê
Page 261 and 262:
Íigure 80" Phase dj-agra! cf P CÐ
Page 263:
yígure 81. ?hâs€ diagran of p C
Page 267 and 268:
GAOü.P VIITI the norcal control gr
Page 269 and 270:
p].ots of the N group bêfcr€ and
Page 271 and 272:
figure 84. th€ seans af al cèal
Page 273 and 274:
Figure 85. T!€ úean resçcnsê l
Page 275 and 276:
figure 86, The diff€Ë€nc€ pl
Page 277 and 278:
giEure 87. P p1Ðt af the ncrnaì s
Page 279 and 280:
FigurÐ 88. I plot of the Bor¡ìal
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 89. .P Flot of the rìornal
Page 283 and 284:
Figure 90. Phase diagran of the nor
Page 285 and 286:
figurê 9'l . Phesê ðiagraB ci th
Page 287 and 288:
Figüre 92. Phase plaae represenr-a
Page 289 and 290:
N TS ü1,Ì S: THB IiISTOI.OGÏCÀL
Page 291 and 292:
Th€ s€ct j-cns of the corpus c
Page 293 and 294:
Du€ tc the closeness of thê l*si
Page 295 and 296:
quadrant j.n th. right heaisçh€x
Page 297 and 298:
the lesianing cuErent prcdüceü a
Page 299 and 300:
figure 93. Ðiagrannìatj.c rÊpr+s
Page 301 and 302:
Ðj-agra$ Ð. À diagran ct a braiq
Page 303 and 304:
Ðiagram c.À diagran Ðf a brain s
Page 305 and 306:
Diagran 8. Ðiagraus cf brai¡ spec
Page 307 and 308:
Ðiagran À. A diagEar!ì af a bila
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'1:' t" rat # 85, sJ-ide -/ Z,area
Page 311 and 312:
at ,# 51 , slide 1J point of entry
Page 313 and 314:
_. \- I ¡ s lid.e ;f 14 slide # 15
Page 315 and 316:
Ea-. ¡at # 81, slide t' 4 rat ,.f
Page 317 and 318:
tu¡€s. Co¡ìsequently àher€
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Ï/Ð ccntf,c1. Iio*eveE,i-h€ beh
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voluntary u¡skil-I€d movenênts
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nê¡nely tàê ahility -tro dêIay
Page 325 and 326:
The post-oFerative testíng sèssio
Page 327 and 328:
a!. d Erocks al-l- i.np1i*d th€ e
Page 329 and 330:
REFTASNCES âtlEian, E.Ð. After€
Page 331 and 332:
Inhibitcry ¡esponses to Lasal- gan
Page 333 and 334:
disordârs ct mcvement.I.cndo¡:Oxf
Page 335 and 336:
çross,C,Ð. Ccnpar j.sc¡ Ði thê
Page 337 and 338:
llarren E AN€rt{€ds.},T}€ Frc
Page 339 and 340:
of T €C€At ne sì or y a n å m
Page 341 and 342:
Nautard.J.¡l . Sc ìê etfereat cc
Page 343 and 344:
York: Ap FL€tcn-C€ntury cEsf ts
Page 345 and 346:
Toaonicr!Ì. :¡tlo. to nonlirìear
Page 347 and 348:
ÀPFTNDI T 1
Page 349 and 350:
tla lasz u se d the e.lastic spring
Page 351 and 352:
index is conput€d âad fêd ¡ack
Page 353 and 354:
tendencj.es cf a freqre¡cy distrib
Page 355 and 356:
the un knar¿n €q uaiio¡s. l{he
Page 357 and 358:
statistical êstimaticr, !chich doe
Page 359 and 360:
¿n9 of the bêhavioural systens lo
Page 361 and 362:
nois€s/cont an anants. ovÊraIl.,
Page 363:
CEREEEI-LUM IVlOTOR ÜCRTEX CONTROL
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The EffĘcts of In Partial 3ėĄLfil1n€nt of Tle B€qüireûents for Eh ...

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