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54 PLATE 17 HYPOGENIC MORPHOLOGY OF COFFEE CAVE Plate 17. Hypogenic morphology in Coffee Cave, NM, USA (Permian gypsum): Feeder features (photos and compilation by K.Stafford, from Stafford et al., 2008). Black scale bars in figures are all approximately 0.5 m and camera angle is near-horizontal in all feeder features photos. A = point source feeder showing prominent doming morphology proximal to master passage; B = typical feeder showing development at the top of a dolomitic interbed; C = complete hypogenic morphologic suite showing riser (white arrow), wall channel (dashed white lines), ceiling channel (solid yellow lines) and outlet (yellow arrow); D = well developed wall riser with associated wall channel (dashed yellow lines); E = linear riser developed along axis of master passage; F) dense cluster of small feeders above dolomite interbed with minor vadose overprinting below dolomite interbed.
PLATE 18 HYPOGENIC MORPHOLOGY OF COFFEE CAVE Plate 18. Hypogenic morphology in Coffee Cave, NM, USA: Outlet features (photos and compilation by K.Stafford, from Stafford et al., 2008). Black scale bars in figures are all approximately 0.5 m. A = series of typical ceiling cupolas (camera angle is ~60° up from horizontal, looking toward the ceiling); B = series of cupolas that are in the process of coalescing (camera angle is ~70° up from horizontal, looking toward the ceiling); C = ceiling channel formed by complete coalescing of serial cupolas (camera angle is ~30° up from horizontal, looking toward the ceiling); D = complete hypogenic morphologic suite showing riser (white arrow), wall channel (yellow dashed lines), and ceiling cupola (yellow arrow) (camera angle is roughly horizontal); E = rift-like passage showing linear feeder (yellow arrow), triangular passage and upper dolomite bed that has partially collapsed due to loss of buoyant support (white arrow) (camera angle is roughly horizontal). Photo B (by A. Klimchouk) is from Fuchslabyrinth Cave, Baden-Würtenberg, Germany, instead of Coffee Cave, in order to well-illustrate the intermediate stage of cupola coalescence. 55
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Hypogene Speleogenesis: Hydrogeolog
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Foreword In 1998, the National Cave
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Figure 33. Maze caves in Siberia: B
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