Download PDF - Speleogenesis

Figure 33. Maze caves in Siberia: Botovskaya Cave and Bol'shaya Oreshnaya. 64
Figure 34. Geological section across the Judean arch, Israel, and schematic east-west hydrogeological cross- 66
section, showing the conceptual model for groundwater flow and hypogenic transverse speleogenesis, the Yarkon-
Taninim aquifer and the ASA zone.
Figure 35. Stratigraphic section of Cretaceous formations in Samaria Mountain, Israel, and a section of a quarry in
the confined zone showing distribution of caves.
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Figure 36. Maps of typical caves in the Turonian limestone. 67
Figure 37. Plan view and cross-sections of Jabal Al Qarah caves in the calcareous sandstone of the Upper
Miocene Hofuf Formation, northeastern Saudi Arabia.
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Figure 38. Simplified map of Sterkfontein Cave and Lincoln-Fault System and de-roofing of breccia body and
breaching of the cave by denudation.
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Figure 39. Fissure-like caves and ascending pits in eastern Missouri. 69
Figure 40. Map fragment of Jewel Cave, South Dakota, USA, showing superposition of different passage stories. 70
Figure 41. Mystery Cave, Minnesota, USA, presumed to form as a subterranean meander cut-off of the West Fork
of the Root River.
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Figure 42. Robber Baron Cave, Texas, USA, a maze cave in Cretaceous limestone, above the confined zone of
the Edwards Aquifer.
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Figure 43. Amazing Maze, Texas, USA, a multi-story maze cave in stratified Cretaceous limestone, an example of
confined transverse speleogenesis in which dissolution by sulfuric acid took part.
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Figure 44. Map of Caverns of Sonora, Texas, USA. 73
Figure 45. Regional structural setting of the Guadalupe Mountains, USA, and stratigraphic nomenclature of
Permian strata exposed in the Guadalupe Mountains
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Figure 46. Plans and profiles of some Guadalupe caves: Carlsbad Cavern, Dry Cave, Spider Cave, Endless Cave. 74
Figure 47. Projected vertical profiles through part of Lechuguilla Cave, showing the nearly independent flow
systems through the entrance series and through the Sulfur Shores - Underground Atlanta systems.
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Figure 48. Line drawing of section through the Capitan Platform on the eastern face of Slaughter Canyon and an
exposure at Indian Shelter in Walnut Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico.
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Figure 49. A proposed regional speleogenetic model for the Guadalupe Mountains. 78
Figure 50. Longitudinal profile of the Guadalupe ridge from southwest to northeast, with locations, elevations and
vertical ranges of major caves, and age dates from alunite for four caves.
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Figure 51. Map of Cueva de Villa Luz, Tabasco, Mexico. 81
Figure 52. Profile view of southern most sinkholes of Sistema Zacaton, Tamaulipas, Mexico, showing zones of
varying water types and travertine morphology.
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Figure 53. Aerial photograph of Sistema Zacaton showing the major features of the area. 81
Figure 54. Geologic map of northeastern Mexico showing locations of deep karst shafts in the region. 82
Figure 55. Toca da Boa Vista and Toca da Barriguda caves in Brazil. 83
Figure 56. Typical hypogenic caves of eastern Australia: Queenslander-Cathedral Cave System and Ashford
Cave.
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Figure 57. Conceptual model of speleogenetic origin of sulfur deposits in western Ukraine. 90
Figure 58. Conceptual genetic model for sulfur deposits of northern Iraq. 91
Figure 59. Diagrammatic representation of hypogenic karst features in the Delaware Basin and adjacent reef
structures, New Mexico and west Texas, USA.
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Figure 60. Geologic section in southeast Missouri, and lithostratigraphy of the Ozark Dome region, USA. 93
Figure 61. Distribution of oil and gas fields of west Texas and southeast New Mexico in relation to major features
of regional geology and hypogenic karst.
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Figure 62. Distribution of breakdown structures in Zoloushka Cave. 96
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