Download PDF - Speleogenesis

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NCKRI Special Paper No. 1
Figure 29. Hypogenic confined mazes in gypsum in Western Europe. Denis Parisis Cave, Paris Basin, France, is a 3.5 km long cave
encountered by mines in the Tertiary gypsum (from Beluche et al, 1996). Estremera Cave, Madrid Basin, Spain, also has a length of 3.5 km
and occurs in the Neogene gypsum (Almendros and Anton Burgos, 1983).
Figure 30. Development of
hypogenic caves at the base
of a sulfate formation due to
buoyancy-driven dissolution,
example from South Harz,
Germany (from Kempe,
1996).
Figure 31. Two-dimensional caves formed
by transverse flow across a single bed of
Miocene limestone, Prichernomorsky
artesian basin, south Ukraine (from Pronin,
1995). Numerous slot-like single-passage
caves (A) and small network clusters (B)
are encountered by extensive limestone
mines beneath Odessa city. Passages are
terminated laterally by pinching-out of
fissures.