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User Guide

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OSMOMAT 3000<br />

Design and function<br />

3.2 Measuring method basics<br />

Osmolality<br />

Freezing point depression<br />

Cosm = ΔT / K<br />

26 Version 1.02 04/24/2013<br />

The device measures the total osmolality of any aqueous solution.<br />

The total osmolality indicates the concentration of all osmotically active<br />

substances (such as salts, dextrose, proteins) per kilogram of<br />

water.<br />

The osmolality is specified in mOsmol/kg.<br />

The device determines the total osmolality of the sample solution<br />

based on the freezing point depression. The implemented measuring<br />

method is a relative measuring method.<br />

The freezing points of distilled water and an aqueous solution are<br />

measured and compared. The osmolality of any solution is determined<br />

using a linear function defined by 2- or 3-point calibration.<br />

The freezing point of a solution is depressed by adding soluble or<br />

mixable substances.<br />

The freezing points of pure water and a solution are measured and<br />

compared. Whereas water has a freezing point of 0°C, a solution with<br />

a saline concentration of 1 osmol/kg has a freezing point of -1.858°C.<br />

That means that one mol of a given non-dissociated substance<br />

(6.023 x 10 23 parts diluted in one kilogram of water) lowers the freezing<br />

point of a solution by 1.858°C.<br />

The following definitions are used in calculating osmolality:<br />

Cosm = osmolality [osmol/kg]<br />

T = freezing point depression [°C]<br />

K = 1.858°C kg/osmol freezing point constant

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