GM Crops: The First Ten Years - International Service for the ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 2. GM crop farm income benefits 1996-2005 selected countries: million US $ US Argentina Brazil Paraguay Canada South Africa China India Australia Mexico Philippines Spain GM HT soybeans 7,570 5,197 1,367 132 69 2.2 N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a GM HT maize 771 0.2 N/a N/a 24 0.3 N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a GM HT cotton 919 4.0 N/a N/a N/a 0.2 N/a N/a 4.1 N/a N/a N/a GM HT canola 101 N/a N/a N/a 792 N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a GM IR maize 1,957 159 N/a N/a 145 59 N/a N/a N/a N/a 8 28 Note: Argentine GM HT soybeans includes second crop soybeans benefits. N/a = not applicable GM IR cotton 1,627 29 N/a N/a N/a 14 5,168 463 150 55 N/a N/a Total 12,945 5,389.2 1,367 132 1,031 75.7 5,168 463 154.1 55 8 28 Table 3: GM crop farm income benefits 2005: developing versus developed countries: million US $ GM HT soybeans GM IR maize GM HT maize GM IR cotton GM HT cotton GM HT canola GM VR papaya and squash Developed 1,183 364 212 354 163 195 25 Developing countries include all countries in South America Developing % developed % developing 1,658 53 0.3 1,378 3 0 0 Executive Summary and Conclusions these income gains for developing country farmers have been from GM IR cotton and GM HT soybeans. Cumulatively over the period 1996 to 2005, developing country farmers have acquired 47% of the total ($27 billion) farm income benefit. 41.6 86.5 99.9 20.4 98.4 100 100 Total 2,496 3,092 45 55 Examination of the cost farmers pay for accessing GM technology relative to the total gains derived, Table 4 shows that across the four main GM crops, the total cost was equal to about 26% of the total farm income gains. For farmers in developing countries the total cost is equal to about 13% of total farm income gains, whilst for farmers in developed countries the cost is about 38% of the total farm income gain. 58.4 13.5 0.1 79.6 1.6 0 0 ix
Executive Summary and Conclusions Table 4. Cost of accessing GM technology (in % terms) relative to the total farm income benefits 2005 GM HT soybeans GM IR maize GM HT maize GM IR cotton GM HT cotton GM HT canola n/a = not applicable All farmers 21 44 38 21 44 47 Developed countries Developing countries Total 26 38 13 As well as these quantifiable impacts on farm profitability, there have been other important, more intangible impacts (of an economic nature). Most of these have been important influences for adoption of the technology. These include: Herbicide tolerant crops • Increased management flexibility that comes from a combination of the ease of use associated with broad-spectrum, post-emergent herbicides like glyphosate and the increased/longer time window for spraying; • Compared to conventional crops, where post-emergent herbicide application may result in 'knock-back' (some risk of crop damage from the herbicide), this problem is less likely to occur in GM HT crops; • Facilitation of adoption of no/reduced tillage practices with resultant savings in time and equipment usage (see below for environmental benefits); • Improved weed control has reduced harvesting costs - cleaner crops have resulted in reduced times for harvesting. It has also improved harvest quality and led to higher levels of quality price bonuses in some regions; • Elimination of potential damage caused by soil-incorporated residual herbicides in followon crops. Insect resistant crops • Production risk management/insurance purposes - taking away the worry of significant pest damage occurring; • A 'convenience' benefit (less time spent on crop walking and/or applying insecticides); • Savings in energy use - mainly associated with less spraying; • Savings in machinery use (for spraying and possibly reduced harvesting times); • Improved quality (eg, lower levels of mycotoxins in GM IR maize); • Improved health and safety for farmers and farm workers (from reduced handling and use of pesticides); x 32 43 38 41 43 47 10 48 81 13 65 n/a
Page 1 and 2: I S A A A INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR
Page 3 and 4: Published by: Copyright: Citation:
Page 5 and 6: Contents 3.6.2 China ..............
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 37. Change in
Page 10 and 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS E
Page 14 and 15: Executive Summary and Conclusions
Page 16 and 17: Executive Summary and Conclusions T
Page 18 and 19: Table 8. Context of carbon sequestr
Page 20 and 21: 1 INTRODUCTION GM Crops: The First
Page 22 and 23: GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figur
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Global GM crop plantings
Page 26 and 27: 3 THE FARM LEVEL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF
Page 28 and 29: • The annual total national farm
Page 30 and 31: 3.1.3 Brazil GM HT soybeans were pr
Page 32 and 33: Table 14. Farm level income impact
Page 34 and 35: GM Crops: The First Ten Years Table
Page 36 and 37: 3.2.2 Canada GM Crops: The First Te
Page 38 and 39: 3.3.2 Other countries GM Crops: The
Page 54 and 55: 3.7.4 Insect resistant potatoes GM
Page 56 and 57: size. The analysis found that mean
Page 58 and 59: GM Crops: The First Ten Years soybe
Page 60 and 61: GM Crops: The First Ten Years c) Bu
Page 62 and 63:
Table 28. Herbicide usage on soybea
Page 64 and 65:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years a sma
Page 66 and 67:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Makin
Page 68 and 69:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figur
Page 70 and 71:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years aceto
Page 72 and 73:
Table 38. Herbicide usage on cotton
Page 74 and 75:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years At th
Page 76 and 77:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figur
Page 78 and 79:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Table
Page 80 and 81:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years been
Page 82 and 83:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Table
Page 84 and 85:
Table 47. Comparison of insecticide
Page 86 and 87:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years g) Su
Page 88 and 89:
In terms of GHG each litre of tract
Page 90 and 91:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years As we
Page 92 and 93:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years using
Page 94 and 95:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years b) So
Page 96 and 97:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years a) Fu
Page 98 and 99:
GM Crops: The First Ten Years b) So
Page 100 and 101:
4.2.7 Insect resistant cotton The c
Page 102 and 103:
Table 63. Summary of carbon sequest
Page 104 and 105:
Appendix Appendix 2: The Environmen
Page 106 and 107:
Appendix environmental factor is eq
Page 108 and 109:
Appendix 3: Additional information
Page 110 and 111:
Typical herbicide regimes for GM HT
Page 112 and 113:
Typical insecticide regimes for cot
Page 114 and 115:
References Fernandez-Cornejo J & Mc
Page 116:
ISBN 1-892456-41-9
show all

GM Crops: The First Ten Years - International Service for the ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?