GM Crops: The First Ten Years - International Service for the ...

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3.2.2 Canada GM Crops: The First Ten Years In Canada, GM HT maize was first planted commercially in 1997. By 2005 the proportion of total plantings accounted for by varieties containing GM HT was 37%. As in the US, the main benefit has been to reduce costs and to improve profitability levels. Average annual profitability has improved by between $14/ha and $18/ha since 1999. In 2005 the net increase in farm income was $8.7 million and cumulatively since 1999 the farm income benefit has been $24 million. In added value terms, the effect of reduced costs of production on farm income in 2005 was equivalent to an annual increase in production of 1% (105,000 tonnes: Figure 9). Figure 9. National farm income impact of using GM HT maize in Canada 1999-2005 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source and notes: Impact analysis based on data supplied by Monsanto Canada. Estimated cost of the technology $18-$21/ha, cost savings (mostly from lower herbicide use) $31-$37/ha 17
GM Crops: The First Ten Years 3.2.3 Other countries Herbicide tolerant maize has been grown commercially in South Africa since 2003, and in 2005 19,000 hectares out of total plantings of 1.54 million ha were herbicide tolerant. The estimated cumulative farm income benefit earned (industry source estimates of the cost savings per hectare based on about $4/ha) has been $273,000. Herbicide tolerant maize was also first planted commercially in 2004 in Argentina and the 2005 area planted to GM HT maize was about 70,000 ha (2.5% of the total maize crop). The estimated cumulative farm income benefit earned from using this technology, by 2005 was $237,000. 3.2.4 Summary of global economic impact In global terms, the farm level economic impact of using GM HT technology in maize was $212 million in 2005 (96% of which was in the US). Cumulatively since 1997, the farm income benefit has been (in nominal terms) $795 million. In terms of the total value of maize production in the two main countries using this technology in 2005 (US and Canada), the additional farm income generated by the technology is equal to a value added equivalent of 0.82%. 3.3 Herbicide tolerant cotton 3.3.1 The US GM HT cotton was first grown commercially in the US in 1997 and by 2005, was planted on 61% of total cotton plantings 28 . The farm income impact of using GM HT cotton is summarised in Figure 10. The primary benefit has been to reduce costs, and hence improve profitability levels with average profitability increasing by between $21/ha and $49/ha 29 , resulting in a net gain to farm income in 2005 of $161 million. Cumulatively since 1997 the farm income benefit has been $919 million. In added value terms, the effect of reduced cost of production on farm income in 2005 was equivalent to an annual increase in production of 3% (151,000 tonnes). 28 Although there have been GM HT cultivars tolerant to glyphosate and bromoxynil, glyphosate tolerant cultivars have dominated 29 The only published source that has examined the impact of HT cotton in the US is work by the NCFAP in 2001, 2003 and 2005. In the 2001 study the costs saved were based on historic patterns of herbicides used on conventional cotton in the mid/late 1990s. The latter studies estimated cost savings on the basis of the conventional herbicide treatment that would be required to deliver the same level of weed control as GM HT cotton 18
Page 1 and 2: I S A A A INTERNATIONAL SERVICE FOR
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Page 5 and 6: Contents 3.6.2 China ..............
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 37. Change in
Page 10 and 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS E
Page 12 and 13: Table 2. GM crop farm income benefi
Page 14 and 15: Executive Summary and Conclusions
Page 16 and 17: Executive Summary and Conclusions T
Page 18 and 19: Table 8. Context of carbon sequestr
Page 20 and 21: 1 INTRODUCTION GM Crops: The First
Page 22 and 23: GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figur
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Global GM crop plantings
Page 26 and 27: 3 THE FARM LEVEL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF
Page 28 and 29: • The annual total national farm
Page 30 and 31: 3.1.3 Brazil GM HT soybeans were pr
Page 32 and 33: Table 14. Farm level income impact
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Page 38 and 39: 3.3.2 Other countries GM Crops: The
Page 54 and 55: 3.7.4 Insect resistant potatoes GM
Page 56 and 57: size. The analysis found that mean
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Page 62 and 63: Table 28. Herbicide usage on soybea
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years g) Su
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In terms of GHG each litre of tract
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years As we
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years using
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years b) So
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years a) Fu
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years b) So
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4.2.7 Insect resistant cotton The c
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Table 63. Summary of carbon sequest
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Appendix Appendix 2: The Environmen
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Appendix environmental factor is eq
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Appendix 3: Additional information
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Typical herbicide regimes for GM HT
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Typical insecticide regimes for cot
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References Fernandez-Cornejo J & Mc
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ISBN 1-892456-41-9
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