GM Crops: The First Ten Years - International Service for the ...

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GM Crops: The First Ten Years Table 23. Farm level income impact of using GM IR cotton in Australia 1996-2005 Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 -191.7 -191.7 -97.4 -83.9 -89.9 -80.9 -90.7 -119.3 -179.5 -229.2 Net increase in gross margins ($/ha) -41.0 -35.0 91.0 88.1 64.9 57.9 54.3 256.1 185.8 193.4 Increase in farm income at a national level ($ millions) -1.63 -2.04 9.06 11.80 10.71 7.87 3.91 16.3 45.7 47.9 Increase in national farm income as % of farm level value of national production -0.75 -1.25 5.8 5.6 6.3 7.2 5.1 28.1 42.6 57.6 Sources and notes: 1. Impact data based on Fitt (2002) and CSIRO for bollgard II since 2003 2. All values for prices and costs denominated in Australian dollars have been converted to US dollars at the annual average exchange rate in each year 3.6.4 Argentina GM IR cotton has been planted in Argentina since 1998. In 2005, it accounted for 50% of total cotton plantings. The main impact in Argentina has been yield gains of about 35% (which has resulted in a net increase in total cotton production (2005) of 15%). This has more than offset the cost using the technology 35 . In terms of gross margin, cotton farmers have gained annually between $33/ha and $93/ha during the period 1998-2005 36 . At the national level, the annual farm income gains in the last three years have been in the range of $5.2 million to $13 million (Figure 13). Cumulatively since 1998, the farm income gain from use of the technology has been $28.8 million. In added value terms, the effect of the yield increases (partially offset by higher costs of production) on farm income in 2005 was equivalent to an annual increase in production of 8.8%. 3.6.5 Mexico Cost of technology ($/ha) GM IR cotton has been planted commercially in Mexico since 1996. In 2005 GM IR cotton was planted on 120,000 ha (95% of total cotton plantings) 37 . 35 The cost of the technology used in the years up to 2004 was $86/ha (source: Qaim & DeJanvry). For 2005, the cost used was $40/ ha (source: Monsanto Argentina). The insecticide cost savings about $17.5/ha, leaving a net increase in costs of $68.5/ha up to 2004 and $22.5/ha in 2005 36 The variation in margins has largely been due to the widely fluctuating annual price of cotton 37 Source ISAAA 29
GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figure 13. National farm income impact of using GM IR cotton in Argentina 1998-2005 Million $ 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Sources and notes: 1. Impact data (source: Qaim & De Janvry (2002), although cost of technology in 2005 from Monsanto Argentina. Area data : source ArgenBio 2. Yield impact +35%, cost of technology $86/ha ($40/ha 2005), cost savings (reduced insecticide use) $17.47/ha 3. All values for prices and costs denominated in Argentine Pesos have been converted to US dollars at the annual average exchange rate in each year The main farm income impact of using the technology has been yield improvements of about 14% per year. In addition, there have been important savings in the cost of production (lower insecticide costs) 38 . Overall, the annual net increase in farm profitability has been within the range of $112/ha and $354/ha between 1996 and 2005 (Table 24). At the national level, the farm income benefit in 2005 was $13.6 million and the impact on total cotton production was an increase of 7.2%. Cumulatively since 1996, the farm income benefit has been $55 million. In added value terms, the combined effect of the yield increases and lower cost of production on farm income in 2004 was equivalent to an annual increase in production of 10.5%. 3.6.6 South Africa 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 In 2005, GM IR cotton 39 was planted on 17,000 ha in South Africa (57% of the total crop). The main impact on farm incomes has been significantly higher yields (an annual average increase of about 24%). In terms of cost of production, the additional cost of the technology (between $17/ 38 Cost of technology has annually been between $48/ha and $65/ha, insecticide cost savings between $88/ha and $121/ha and net savings on costs have been between $38/ha and $48/ha (derived from and based on Traxler et al (2001) 39 First planted commercially in 1998 30
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Page 5 and 6: Contents 3.6.2 China ..............
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 37. Change in
Page 10 and 11: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS E
Page 12 and 13: Table 2. GM crop farm income benefi
Page 14 and 15: Executive Summary and Conclusions
Page 16 and 17: Executive Summary and Conclusions T
Page 18 and 19: Table 8. Context of carbon sequestr
Page 20 and 21: 1 INTRODUCTION GM Crops: The First
Page 22 and 23: GM Crops: The First Ten Years Figur
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Global GM crop plantings
Page 26 and 27: 3 THE FARM LEVEL ECONOMIC IMPACT OF
Page 28 and 29: • The annual total national farm
Page 30 and 31: 3.1.3 Brazil GM HT soybeans were pr
Page 32 and 33: Table 14. Farm level income impact
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Page 36 and 37: 3.2.2 Canada GM Crops: The First Te
Page 38 and 39: 3.3.2 Other countries GM Crops: The
Page 54 and 55: 3.7.4 Insect resistant potatoes GM
Page 56 and 57: size. The analysis found that mean
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GM Crops: The First Ten Years b) So
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4.2.7 Insect resistant cotton The c
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Table 63. Summary of carbon sequest
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Appendix Appendix 2: The Environmen
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Appendix environmental factor is eq
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Appendix 3: Additional information
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Typical herbicide regimes for GM HT
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Typical insecticide regimes for cot
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References Fernandez-Cornejo J & Mc
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ISBN 1-892456-41-9
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