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Texas Social Studies Framework - Department of Geography ...

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iv<br />

iv<br />

Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />

What Are Some Ways <strong>of</strong> Organizing and Structuring <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> Curriculum? .................................................. 33<br />

World Related (The Way the World Is)................................................................................................................ 33<br />

Concept Related (The Way Ideas Are Organized) .............................................................................................. 34<br />

Inquiry Related (The Way Knowledge Is Generated) ......................................................................................... 34<br />

Learning Related (The Way Pupils Learn) .......................................................................................................... 34<br />

Utilization Related (The Way Learnings Are to Be Utilized in Life) ................................................................. 34<br />

How Can Horizontal Organization <strong>of</strong> the Curriculum Be Achieved? ....................................................................... 34<br />

How Can Vertical Organization <strong>of</strong> the Curriculum Be Achieved? ............................................................................ 35<br />

What Are Some Ways <strong>of</strong> Insuring That Learners Achieve the Standards Established<br />

by the TEKS for <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Studies</strong>? ......................................................................................................................... 36<br />

References ................................................................................................................................................................... 37<br />

Chapter 5: The Teaching-Learning System: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment ............................................ 39<br />

Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment ................................................................................................................... 39<br />

Theories <strong>of</strong> Learning ................................................................................................................................................... 40<br />

Cognitivism (Cognitive Strategies) .................................................................................................................... 40<br />

Multiple Intelligences ......................................................................................................................................... 42<br />

Constructivism .................................................................................................................................................... 45<br />

Behaviorism ......................................................................................................................................................... 45<br />

The Structure <strong>of</strong> Knowledge ....................................................................................................................................... 46<br />

Examples <strong>of</strong> Instructional Strategies .......................................................................................................................... 47<br />

Teaching Concepts .............................................................................................................................................. 47<br />

Teaching Generalizations .................................................................................................................................... 47<br />

Direct Instruction ................................................................................................................................................. 48<br />

Collaborative Processes ....................................................................................................................................... 48<br />

Inquiry Teaching ................................................................................................................................................. 50<br />

Problem Solving and Decision Making .............................................................................................................. 50<br />

Visual Strategies .................................................................................................................................................. 50<br />

Community-Based Instruction ............................................................................................................................ 50<br />

Role Play and Simulations .................................................................................................................................. 50<br />

Discussion Formats .............................................................................................................................................. 52<br />

Classroom Learning Centers ............................................................................................................................... 52<br />

Assessment .................................................................................................................................................................. 53<br />

Designing for Depth <strong>of</strong> Understanding ...................................................................................................................... 53<br />

Multiple Methods <strong>of</strong> Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 53<br />

Traditional Assessments ...................................................................................................................................... 56<br />

Performance Assessments ..................................................................................................................................... 56<br />

Designing Performance Assessments .......................................................................................................................... 57<br />

Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment ................................................................................................... 59<br />

Examples <strong>of</strong> Effective Alignment ............................................................................................................................... 59<br />

References ................................................................................................................................................................... 66<br />

Chapter 6: Aligning the TEKS for <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> with the Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Development and<br />

Appraisal System (PDAS) .......................................................................................................................................... 67<br />

Evaluation Domains ................................................................................................................................................... 67<br />

Including <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Studies</strong> on the Teacher Self-Report ................................................................................................ 68<br />

Staff Development Activity ........................................................................................................................................ 68

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