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1152 2009). The main vegetated areas are in the small zones of the valleys, the floodplains, riverbeds, and more extensive area of the coastal plains. Most ecological units are bare or almost bare including the mud flats, the salt plains, the clay Mountains and mud vent areas, the stone rippled terraces, and the smooth slopes of brown clay rock, mountains ridges, the steep mountain walls and the crusted valley floor and the active flood bank areas. The park is represented by six ecosystems including Arabian Sea, Rugged Mountains, River, Desert, Estuary, and open plains. The wildlife of the coastal area of HNP is diverse due to a combination of habitats found together at several areas. The coastal plains show rocky hill areas (Sappat Mountains, Agor Hills, Jabal Haro-Kund Malir), sand dunes, agricultural fields and river beds. The Arabian Sea, including the area bordering national park, is known to be highly productive. Nesting of Green turtle has been reported from the coastal area of HNP. A variety of water birds occurs at the coast line. Estuarine area of the River Hingol, supports a variety of resident and migratory water birds. Adjacent to coastline there is a large desert with prominent sand dunes. These sand dunes may be categorized as stable or fixed sand dunes. The desert area of the park has diversified biodiversity including birds, small mammals and reptiles. Occurrence of Houbara Bustard in winter is also reported in the dune areas (Azam, 2004). The objective of the present study was to record the vertebrate biodiversity and population status of three key mammalian species (Ibex, Urial and Chinkara) of Hingol National Park in the selected areas during 2005-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on preliminary studies in the Hingol National Park, Nani Mandir Complex, Rodaini Kacho, Harian Valley, Dhrun, Machii, Maneji, Ara Kaur, Babro Kaur , Agor, Kundrach, Qasim Goth, Wadh Bundar, Maneji, Nani Mandir/Nani Bent, Nala Jhakee, Kashee Goth, Kund Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Table 1. Current List of the National Parks of Pakistan (Khan and Siddiqui, 2005; Ahmad, 2009). Name of National Park Location Year of establishment Name of National Park Location Year of establishment Ayubia NWFP 1984 Kala Chitta Punjab 2009 Central Karakoram Northern Areas 1995 Khirthar Sindh 1974 Chinji Punjab 1987 Khunjerab Northern Areas 1975 Chitral Gol NWFP 1984 Lal Suhanra Punjab 1972 Deosai Northern Areas 1993 Lulusar NWFP 2003 Deva Vatala AJK 2009 Machiara AJK 1996 Ghamot AJK 2004 Margalla Hills Fed. Capital Territory 1980 Gurez AJK 2009 Pir Lasora AJK 2005 Handrap Shandoor Northern Areas 1993 Saif-ul-muluk NWFP 2003 Hazarganji Chiltan Balochistan 1980 Sheikh Budin NWFP 1993 Hingol Balochistan 1997 Toh Pir AJK 2005 Malir, Kalair Goth, Nokoo Goth, Allah Buksh Goth, and Sanguri area were selected for the study of key mammalian and other vertebrate biodiversity (Table 2, Fig. 1, 2). The following methods and surveys techniques were employed for the observation, census and documentation of key mammalian species. 1. Track Counts 2. Point Surveys 3. Roadside Counts 4. Line Transects or Strip Census 5. Pellet Counts Track Counts Tracks can be the first indication of the presence of animals in an area. Track counts especially after rain are useful in identifying different animals especially for nocturnal and secretive ones. A fresh rain eliminates the previous tracks, and the recent tracks of animals entering or leaving the study areas can be used as a measure of their abundance. During all studies the track count technique was applied at selected areas of HNP and this was more effective compare to other methods. Point Surveys In this method, observation points are established along roads, edges of ponds or marshes, at a higher place and other locations suitable for viewing the habitat. For a period of 1 to 5 hours at each observation point, the observer records all sightings of the mammals at that site and then an index of abundance of each species is expressed as the number of animals seen per hour of observations (Brower et al., 1990). Point surveys were conducted twice daily, first during early morning, i.e. one hour before sunrise until dawn and second, in the evening, i.e., begins one-half an hour before the sunset until dark. Roadside Counts Usually it is difficult to locate a mammal especially a large mammal by walking in its habitat, because it smells
Fig. 1. Study areas of key mammalian species and birds of Hingol National Park. Fig. 2. Study areas of small mammals and birds of Hingol National Park. human presence from a long distance. Hence, the method of roadside counts was applied to locate and estimate the population of different mammalian species. In this method, the observer travels by motor vehicle along roads Khan et al. 1153 and trails while the sighted number of individuals of the species being estimated is tallied and related to the number of km travelled (Brower et al., 1990). This method has some advantages such as; travelling by
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