Download (5Mb) - Covenant University Repository

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1212 A bsorbance 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 1350 1300 1250 Wavenumbers (cm-1) Fig. 2. FTIR spectra of PET fabric treated with (from bottom to top) denaturated enzyme of Bacillus isolate 5W, denaturated enzyme of Bacillus isolate 6C, lipase enzyme of Bacillus isolate 6C and lipase enzyme of Bacillus isolate 5W showing increase in the absorbance of the C-O vibrations (1241 cm -1 ) as a result of lipase treatment. Production of lipase by Bacillus isolate 5W on agroindustrial by-products. Bacillus isolate 5W produced higher lipase activity and PET fabrics treated with this lipase showed good wetability, staining, physical and mechanical properties. These results supported by SEM and FTIR studies, which proved the modification of PET surfaces. Therefore, this isolate was selected for further studies. It was identified according to the morphological and biochemical tests as Bacillus subtilis. Fourteen agro-industrial residues were studied for production of lipase by Bacillus isolate 5W without pretreatment under submerged fermentation conditions. As shown in table 5 nine substrates enhanced the lipase production by the tested isolate as or more than NYB medium. The most efficient media were cotton seed meal, banana peels, wheat germ meal, and cress meal. The maximum production (52.8U/ml) was obtained with cotton seed meal (CSM) medium. Concentrations of CSM was tested and maximum lipase yield was at 6%. Haba et al. (2000) used frying oils wastes for production of lipase by 47 strains of bacteria and yeasts. They reported that the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Candida, Rhodococcus and Staphylococcus grew on the waste oil and produced high lypolytic activity. Rohit et al. (2001) and Mohan et al. (2008) reported that high levels of lipase activity were obtained by Bacillus strains grown in olive oil as a medium. Ertugrul et al. (2007) found that 20% whey with 1% triolein gave the highest lipase activity by Bacillus sp. Souissi et al. (2009) produced lipase by Staphylococcus simulans grown on sardinella hydrolyzates and peptone. Lin et al. (1996) reported an extracellular alkaline lipase produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes F-111 in a medium that contained soybean Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 1200 meal, peptone and yeast extract. Kumar et al. (2005) produced lipase by Bacillus coagulans BTS-3 with refined mustard oil, peptone and yeast extract. Table 5. Production of lipase by Bacillus isolate 5W on agro-industrial by-products. Industrial byproducts Final pH Lipase activity (U/ml) Sugar beet pulp 6.16 5.25 Potato peels 7.25 24.6 Orange peels 5.74 0.0 Pea peels 7.47 36.0 Bean peels 6.25 30.8 Banana peels 6.65 44.6 Carrot pomace 7.65 33.1 Jojoba meal 7.32 17.8 Cress meal 8.4 40.1 Coconut meal 5.94 5.25 Linen meal 8.32 32.4 Sesame meal 7.25 31.4 Wheat germ meal 8.16 43.1 Cotton seed meal 8.41 52.8 NYB 8.18 34.5 Effect of initial pH of the medium Effect of initial pH of the medium on lipase production by Bacillus isolate 5W is shown in figure 3. There is an increase in the lipase production with increasing the pH between 5.5 and 7.5. Increasing the pH of the medium more than 7.5 has destructive effect on the lipase production by the tested organism. These results are in consistence with that reported by Achamma et al. (2003) and Deive et al. (2007). They found that lipase production by Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MB was the maximum at neutral pH. However Ertugrul et al. (2007) reported that the optimal pH for lipase production by Bacillus sp was 6. Although bacteria prefer pH around 7 for best lipase production, maximum activity at higher pH values were also reported in the literature (Kumar et al., 2005). Effect of aeration level on lipase production The enzyme levels formed at different aeration levels under shaking conditions are shown in figure 4. The maximum lipase production (91.2U/ml) was at 25ml medium in 250ml flask (10% of the flask volume). Effect of inoculum size Lipase activity of Bacillus isolate 5W reached its maximum value (109.3 U/ml) upon using approximately 25x10 6 CFU/ml as shown in figure 5. However, further increase in inoculum size lead to a dramatic decrease in lipase production.
El-Bendary et al. Fig. 3. Effect of initial pH of the medium on lipase production by Bacillus isolate 5W. Fig. 4. Effect of aeration level on lipase production by Bacillus isolate 5W. Effect of incubation period Lipase production by Bacillus isolate 5W grown for extended incubation periods up to 96h. The highest lipase production was obtained after 24h of incubation and no significant variations could be observed in activity with 1213 the increment of the incubation period up to 96h. Kumar et al. (2005) and Ertugrul et al. (2007) reported that the time course for the maximum intracellular lipase production by Bacillus was 48 and 63h, respectively.
Page 2 and 3:
EDITOR MZ Khan, SENRA Academic Publ
Page 4 and 5:
SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby,
Page 6 and 7:
Table1. Evolution of glucosamine an
Page 8 and 9:
Dunsford, BR., Knabe, DA. and Hacns
Page 10 and 11:
1134 Actinomyces, Micrococcus and S
Page 12 and 13:
1136 shown in figure 1. Among wild-
Page 14 and 15:
1138 (75/10) and tobramycin (10). T
Page 16 and 17:
SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby,
Page 18 and 19:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylami
Page 20 and 21:
2). RCG1 was purified as a single 1
Page 22 and 23:
(100 µg/ml), which showed highest
Page 24 and 25:
Rabinovich, GA. and Gruppi, A. 2005
Page 26 and 27:
1152 2009). The main vegetated area
Page 28 and 29:
1154 vehicle disturbs the animals a
Page 30 and 31:
1156 Population and Status of Small
Page 32 and 33:
1158 6.95%, Cape Hare 3.64%, Mouse
Page 34 and 35: 1160 S. No. Scientific name Common
Page 36 and 37: 1162 Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. and
Page 38 and 39: 1164 housed in clean cages, and pla
Page 40 and 41: 1166 kidneys of all the experimenta
Page 42 and 43: 1168 Prockop, DJ. 1964. Isotopic st
Page 44 and 45: 1170 copper(II) nitrate and zinc(II
Page 46 and 47: 1172 Infrared spectra The relevant
Page 48 and 49: 1174 step was the loss of two molec
Page 50 and 51: 1176 note that though the Mn(II) co
Page 52 and 53: 1178 dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl)methy
Page 54 and 55: 1180 prepare the rats feed. The rat
Page 56 and 57: 1182 The result of the mean interna
Page 58 and 59: 1184 Table 8. Histopathology result
Page 60 and 61: SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby,
Page 62 and 63: RMSE and MBE are statistical instru
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2 is similar to Figure 1, fo
Page 66 and 67: dH/dt nT/min (Obs) AE nT (Obs) Dst
Page 68 and 69: Tables 2 (a-f) contain summaries of
Page 70 and 71: Pulkkinen, A., Viljanen, A., Pajunp
Page 72 and 73: 1200 that a significant fraction of
Page 74 and 75: 1202 Nino and La Nina periods are a
Page 76 and 77: 1204 periods (1981, 1984, 1991, 199
Page 78 and 79: 1206 Degtyarev, AI, Smirnova, TG. a
Page 80 and 81: 1208 The purpose of the present stu
Page 82 and 83: 1210 Quantitative screening for lip
Page 86 and 87: 1214 Effect of supplementation of C
Page 88 and 89: 1216 surface modification of acryli
Page 90 and 91: 1218 { e1,..., en; en+ 1,..., en+ p
Page 92 and 93: SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby,
Page 94 and 95: eadings (Q), density (), viscosity
Page 96 and 97: flow of crude oil and air in horizo
Page 98 and 99: 1128 summarized as ‘By the end of
Page 100 and 101: 1130 Evaluation by EvalAccess 2.0 a
show all

Download (5Mb) - Covenant University Repository

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?