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1174 step was the loss of two molecules of water and oxygen with mass losses of (obs. = 9.95%, calc. = 9.83%) in the temperature range 30-100°C. The second step involved the loss of 0.25 mole N2, with mass losses of (obs. = 1.05%, calc. = 1.02%) between 100-160°C. The third step corresponds to the loss of methane and hydrogen at 160- 230°C with, mass losses of (obs. = 2.93%, calc. = 2.64%). The fourth step involved the loss of propane, with mass losses of (obs. = 6.41%, calc. = 6.45%) at 230-300°C. The fifth was the loss of the fragment C3H6N¾ in the temperature range 300-410°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 7.72%, calc. = 7.69%). The final step involved loss of the organic moiety C25H2N5Cl2 at 410-700°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 66.50 %, calc. = 64.81%), leaving behind Mn as the residue. The thermal degradation of the Co(II) complex occurred in three steps. The first step was within the temperature range of 30-310°C and corresponds to the loss of a molecule of water and methane, and three molecules of hydrogen with mass losses of (obs. = 6.03%, calc. = 5.99%). The second step occurred between 310-410°C and was characterized by loss of the fragment, C2H4N2, with mass losses of (obs. = 8.41%, calc. = 8.37%). The final step involved the loss of the organic moiety C25H8O2N4Cl2, within a temperature range of 410-700°C with corresponding mass losses of (obs. = 70.02 %, calc. = 69.75%). The final product was cobalt. The Ni(II) complex decomposed in four steps. The first step was the loss of a molecule of water, methane and hydrogen at 30-100°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 5.92%, calc. = 5.40%). The second step was in the temperature range of 100-200 °C, and is attributed to the loss of Cl2 (obs. = 10.57%, calc. = 10.60%). The third step involved the loss of the fragment C6H12N2, at 200-390°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 16.74%, calc. = 16.75%). The final step was within the temperature range of 390-700°C and Osowole et al. is assigned to the loss of the organic moiety C25H4N4O2, (obs. = 66.10%, calc. = 58.57%). The remaining residue was Ni. The Cu(II) complex decomposed in three ways. The first decomposition, was the loss of the fragment, C8H14N2 at 30-170°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 21.24%, calc. = 21.05 %). The second step occurred within a temperature range of 170-330°C and is attributed to the loss of Cl2 (obs. = 11.21%, calc. = 10.80%). The final stage was within a temperature range of 460-700°C, assigned to the loss of the organic moiety C24H8O2N4 (obs. = 66.26%, calc. = 58.53%). The remaining fraction was Copper. The Zn(II) complex decomposed in four stages. The stage one was between 50-100°C, which indicated the loss of a mole of water and benzene respectively, with mass losses of (obs. = 14.72%, calc. = 14.62%). The second stage was from 100-230 °C and is assigned to the loss of the fragment, C9H12N2, with mass losses of (obs. = 23.32 %, calc. = 22.54%). The third stage involved the loss of a mole of chlorine at 230-430°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 10.54%, calc. = 10.80%). The final stage was within a temperature range of 430-700°C, attributed to the loss of the organic moiety C17H4N4O2, (obs. = 44.59%, calc. = 45.04%). The remaining residue was Zn. The Pd(II) complex decomposed in three steps. The first step involved the loss of two molecules of water and a molecule of propene at 30-130°C, with mass losses of (obs. = 10.72%, calc. = 10.66 %). The second was within a temperature range of 130-360°C, which corresponds to the loss of the fragment, C7H9N2 with mass losses of (obs. = 16.71%, calc. = 16.53%). The final stage was within a temperature range of 360-700°C and corresponds to the loss of the organic moiety C22H7O2N4Cl2 with mass losses of (obs. = 65.68%, calc. = 58.70%). The remaining fraction was Pd. The high mass residue (~7%) observed in Table 4. IC50 values of the ligand and its complexes against Melanonoma (518A2) and Leukemia (HL60) cells. Compound IC50 [µM] Melanoma cells(518A2) IC50 [µM] Leukaemia cells (HL 60) 24h 48h 72h 24h 48h 72h CDDP 35 - - 3.5 - - H2L 74.12±15.82 78.01±15.56 56.43 ±7.33 >100 >100 >100 [Mn(L)2]2H2O >100 37.02±4.29 31.93±3.96 32.39 29.58 18.80 [Co(L)2]H2O >100 >100 >100 >100 35.35 26.91 [Ni(L)2]H2O >100 >100 >100 >100 16.43 28.48 [Cu(L)2] >100 >100 >100 14.04 75.33 39.29 [Zn(L)2]H2O >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 >100 [Pd(L)2]2H2O 10.68±1.47 12.51±0.88 9.11±0.55 20.56 11.89 22.55 30µm = resistant; >100 µm = not active; CDDP = cis-platin; - = Not determined
Melanoma (518A2) cells [µm] the Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes were attributed to carboneous material (Sharma and Srivastava, 2006). Biological studies The growth inhibitory effects of the ligand and its complexes on the cis-platin (CDDP) resistant 518A2 (Melanoma) and (CDDP) sensitive HL 60(Leukemia) cell 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 CDDP Osowole et al. HL Compounds [MnL 2 .2H 2 O] Fig 2. The inhibitory effect of the ligand, Mn(II) and Pd(II) complexes against Melanoma cells. Leukemia(HL 60) cells [µm] 80 60 40 20 0 CDDP [MnL 2 .2H 2 O] [CoL 2 .2H 2 O] [NiL 2 ]H 2 O Compounds Fig 3. The inhibitory effect of some of the complexes against Leukemia cells. [CuL 2 ] 24 h 48 h 72 h [PdL 2 ] 24 h 48 h 72 h [PdL 2 ] 1175 lines are shown in table 4, figures 2 and 3. The ligand, HL (74.12-78.01µm) was about twice as resistant as CDDP (35.0µm) against Melanoma cells during the first 48h of experiment, while its resistance dropped by about 20% at 72 h of exposure. In contrast, the Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes showed no anti-tumor activity throughout the duration of experiment. It is important to
Page 2 and 3: EDITOR MZ Khan, SENRA Academic Publ
Page 4 and 5: SENRA Academic Publishers, Burnaby,
Page 6 and 7: Table1. Evolution of glucosamine an
Page 8 and 9: Dunsford, BR., Knabe, DA. and Hacns
Page 10 and 11: 1134 Actinomyces, Micrococcus and S
Page 12 and 13: 1136 shown in figure 1. Among wild-
Page 14 and 15: 1138 (75/10) and tobramycin (10). T
Page 18 and 19: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylami
Page 20 and 21: 2). RCG1 was purified as a single 1
Page 22 and 23: (100 µg/ml), which showed highest
Page 24 and 25: Rabinovich, GA. and Gruppi, A. 2005
Page 26 and 27: 1152 2009). The main vegetated area
Page 28 and 29: 1154 vehicle disturbs the animals a
Page 30 and 31: 1156 Population and Status of Small
Page 32 and 33: 1158 6.95%, Cape Hare 3.64%, Mouse
Page 34 and 35: 1160 S. No. Scientific name Common
Page 36 and 37: 1162 Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. and
Page 38 and 39: 1164 housed in clean cages, and pla
Page 40 and 41: 1166 kidneys of all the experimenta
Page 42 and 43: 1168 Prockop, DJ. 1964. Isotopic st
Page 44 and 45: 1170 copper(II) nitrate and zinc(II
Page 46 and 47: 1172 Infrared spectra The relevant
Page 50 and 51: 1176 note that though the Mn(II) co
Page 52 and 53: 1178 dimethyl-2H-indazol-6-yl)methy
Page 54 and 55: 1180 prepare the rats feed. The rat
Page 56 and 57: 1182 The result of the mean interna
Page 58 and 59: 1184 Table 8. Histopathology result
Page 62 and 63: RMSE and MBE are statistical instru
Page 64 and 65: Figure 2 is similar to Figure 1, fo
Page 66 and 67: dH/dt nT/min (Obs) AE nT (Obs) Dst
Page 68 and 69: Tables 2 (a-f) contain summaries of
Page 70 and 71: Pulkkinen, A., Viljanen, A., Pajunp
Page 72 and 73: 1200 that a significant fraction of
Page 74 and 75: 1202 Nino and La Nina periods are a
Page 76 and 77: 1204 periods (1981, 1984, 1991, 199
Page 78 and 79: 1206 Degtyarev, AI, Smirnova, TG. a
Page 80 and 81: 1208 The purpose of the present stu
Page 82 and 83: 1210 Quantitative screening for lip
Page 84 and 85: 1212 A bsorbance 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.5
Page 86 and 87: 1214 Effect of supplementation of C
Page 88 and 89: 1216 surface modification of acryli
Page 90 and 91: 1218 { e1,..., en; en+ 1,..., en+ p
Page 94 and 95: eadings (Q), density (), viscosity
Page 96 and 97: flow of crude oil and air in horizo
Page 98 and 99:
1128 summarized as ‘By the end of
Page 100 and 101:
1130 Evaluation by EvalAccess 2.0 a
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